jan 21 Flashcards
Preferred modality for diagnosing a ureteral stone?
ultrasonography or noncontrast spiral CT
can CMV cause meningitis in healthy patients?
NO
inheritance of myotonic dystrophy?
AD - trinucleotide repeat in DMPK gene
when does myotonic dystrophy typically present?
age 15-30
clinical presentation of myotonic dystrophy?
- facial weakness
- grip myotonia
- dysphagia
prognosis of myotonic dystrophy?
death at age 40-50 due to respiratory or cardiac failure
inheritance of Duchennes muscular dystrophy?
X linked - deletion of dystrophin gene
age of onset of Duchennes muscular dystrophy?
2-3
presentation of Duchennes muscular dystrophy?
- progressive weakness
- gower sign
- calf pseudohypertrophy
prognosis of Duchennes muscular dystrophy
- wheelchair dependent by adolescence
- death from age 20-30 from respiratory or heart failure
inheritance of beckers muscular dystrophy?
-X-linked deletion of dystrophin gene
onset age of beckers muscular dystrophy
5-15
clinical presentation of beckers muscular dystrophy
weakness (more mild than duchennes)
prognosis of beckers muscular dystrophy
death at 40-50 from heart failure
metabolism of calcineuron inhibitors?
mainly hepatic
adverse effects of calcineuron inhibitors?
Vasoconstrictive properties -> AKI
what is a sign of intentional scald injury to a child?
sparing of flexural creases
common findings in UNintentional scald injuries to a child?
- splash marks
- nonuniform depth of burns
- poorly defined and asymmetric wound margins
most common type of kidney stones?
Calcium oxalate or phosphate
are calcium kidney stones seen on xray?
yes
are struvite kidney stones seen on xray?
yes
are uric acid stones seen on xray?
no
are serum calcium levels normal in patients with calcium kidney stones?
yes usually
xray findings of rheumatoid arthritis?
periarticular osteopenia and bony erosions
xray findings of arthropathy of hereditary hemochromatosis?
- joint space narrowing
- chondrocalcinosis
- hook-shaped osteophytes at metacarpal heads
brocas area is part of…
the dominant frontal lobe
wernickes area is part of…
the temporal lobe
whole grapes, raw vegetables, nuts, hard candy, should be avoid until…
age 4
why may a patient have anion gap metabolic acidosis after a tonic-clonic seizure?
- lactic acid levels rise due to skeletal muscle hypoxa
- TRANSIENT and should self resolve
lung symptoms of blastomycosis
acute and chronic pneumonia
skin symptoms of blastomycosis
wart-like lesions, violaceous nodules, skin ulcers
bone complication of blastomycosis?
osteomyelitis
GU complications of blastomycosis?
prostatitis, epididymo-orchitis
large local reactions may occur after…
bites from bees, ants, wasps
initial investigation for hirschprung disease?
contrast enema THEN rectal suction biopsy
trisomy 18 =
edwards syndrome
Characteristics of edwards syndrome
- microcephaly, micrognthia
- overlapping fingers
- rocker bottom feet
- ventral septal defect
most common congenital heart disease in edwards syndrome
VSD
