jan 21 Flashcards

1
Q

Preferred modality for diagnosing a ureteral stone?

A

ultrasonography or noncontrast spiral CT

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2
Q

can CMV cause meningitis in healthy patients?

A

NO

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3
Q

inheritance of myotonic dystrophy?

A

AD - trinucleotide repeat in DMPK gene

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4
Q

when does myotonic dystrophy typically present?

A

age 15-30

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5
Q

clinical presentation of myotonic dystrophy?

A
  • facial weakness
  • grip myotonia
  • dysphagia
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6
Q

prognosis of myotonic dystrophy?

A

death at age 40-50 due to respiratory or cardiac failure

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7
Q

inheritance of Duchennes muscular dystrophy?

A

X linked - deletion of dystrophin gene

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8
Q

age of onset of Duchennes muscular dystrophy?

A

2-3

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9
Q

presentation of Duchennes muscular dystrophy?

A
  • progressive weakness
  • gower sign
  • calf pseudohypertrophy
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10
Q

prognosis of Duchennes muscular dystrophy

A
  • wheelchair dependent by adolescence

- death from age 20-30 from respiratory or heart failure

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11
Q

inheritance of beckers muscular dystrophy?

A

-X-linked deletion of dystrophin gene

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12
Q

onset age of beckers muscular dystrophy

A

5-15

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13
Q

clinical presentation of beckers muscular dystrophy

A

weakness (more mild than duchennes)

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14
Q

prognosis of beckers muscular dystrophy

A

death at 40-50 from heart failure

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15
Q

metabolism of calcineuron inhibitors?

A

mainly hepatic

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16
Q

adverse effects of calcineuron inhibitors?

A

Vasoconstrictive properties -> AKI

17
Q

what is a sign of intentional scald injury to a child?

A

sparing of flexural creases

18
Q

common findings in UNintentional scald injuries to a child?

A
  • splash marks
  • nonuniform depth of burns
  • poorly defined and asymmetric wound margins
19
Q

most common type of kidney stones?

A

Calcium oxalate or phosphate

20
Q

are calcium kidney stones seen on xray?

21
Q

are struvite kidney stones seen on xray?

22
Q

are uric acid stones seen on xray?

23
Q

are serum calcium levels normal in patients with calcium kidney stones?

A

yes usually

24
Q

xray findings of rheumatoid arthritis?

A

periarticular osteopenia and bony erosions

25
xray findings of arthropathy of hereditary hemochromatosis?
- joint space narrowing - chondrocalcinosis - hook-shaped osteophytes at metacarpal heads
26
brocas area is part of...
the dominant frontal lobe
27
wernickes area is part of...
the temporal lobe
28
whole grapes, raw vegetables, nuts, hard candy, should be avoid until...
age 4
29
why may a patient have anion gap metabolic acidosis after a tonic-clonic seizure?
- lactic acid levels rise due to skeletal muscle hypoxa | - TRANSIENT and should self resolve
30
lung symptoms of blastomycosis
acute and chronic pneumonia
31
skin symptoms of blastomycosis
wart-like lesions, violaceous nodules, skin ulcers
32
bone complication of blastomycosis?
osteomyelitis
33
GU complications of blastomycosis?
prostatitis, epididymo-orchitis
34
large local reactions may occur after...
bites from bees, ants, wasps
35
initial investigation for hirschprung disease?
contrast enema THEN rectal suction biopsy
36
trisomy 18 =
edwards syndrome
37
Characteristics of edwards syndrome
- microcephaly, micrognthia - overlapping fingers - rocker bottom feet - ventral septal defect
38
most common congenital heart disease in edwards syndrome
VSD