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OBS and GYN > Jan 2 2020 > Flashcards

Jan 2 2020 Flashcards

1
Q

why are estrogen containing contraceptives contraindicated in the first month post partum?

A

increased risk of thromboembolism

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2
Q

what birth control methods can be used in someone within 1 month post partum?

A

non-hormonal (copper IUD), or progestin-only

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3
Q

what is seen on histology of a granulosa cell tumour?

A

call-exner bodies

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4
Q

a granulosa cell tumour is which type of ovarian tumour?

A

stromal

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5
Q

what is elevated in a granulosa cell tumour?

A
  • estrogen

- inhibin

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6
Q

when should Mg sulfate be given (how many weeks gestation)?

A

<32 weeks

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7
Q

prophylactic latency antibiotics should be given to pregnant women with…

A

PPROM

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8
Q

are NSAIDs given in pregnancy?

A

no generally avoided

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9
Q

is acetominophen given during pregnancy?

A

yes - considered safe

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10
Q

what is pseudocyesis?

A

the false belief that one is pregnancy, associated with somatic signs and reported symptoms of pregnancy

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11
Q

what causes pseudocyesis?

A

somatization of stress effects the hypothalamic-pituitary axis causing symptoms of pregnancy

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12
Q

management of pseudocyesis?

A

psychiatric evaluation

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13
Q

patients with polyhydarmios who have a sudden rupture of membranes are at increased risk for what?

A

placental abruption

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14
Q

normal internal genitalia, external virilization and undetectable serum estrogen levels =

A

aromatase deficiency

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15
Q

how does aromatase deficiency FIRST present?

A

In uteruo - mother will experience transient hirsuitism. Baby may have ambigious external genitalia

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16
Q

liver complication of PID?

A

perihepatitis- infection spreads and causes liver capsule inflammation

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17
Q

minimally rugated vagina is a sign of?

A

estrogen deficiency

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18
Q

which roots are damaged in klumpke palsy?

A

C8, T1

19
Q

infants with klumpke palsy may have associated…

A

horners syndrome

20
Q

which nerve roots are damaged in erbs palsy?

A

C5, C6

21
Q

presentaiton of lichen planus?

A

pruritic, purple-hued plaques that may have associated thin, white striae

22
Q

clinical features of vulvar carcinoma?

A

pruritic, plaque or ulcer with abnormal bleeding

23
Q

an elevated FSH suggests

A

ovarian failure

24
Q

carriers of the fragile X premutation (FMR1) gene are at increased risk for …

A

primary ovarian insufficiency

25
Q

Women who have primary ovarian failure <40 years old with no other cause should be tested for…

A

FMR1 mutation

26
Q

treatment of asymptomatic uterine leiomyomas?

A

observation

27
Q

what causes non-classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia?

A

a PARTIAL deficiency of 21-hydroxylase

28
Q

presentation of non-classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia?

A

non-classic presents in adolescence instead of at birth. - irregular menses, hirsuitism, severe acne,

29
Q

do females with NON-classic CAH have electrolyte abnormalities?

A

no - usually sufficient mineralcorticoids and glucocorticoids are produced

30
Q

difference between dyspnea of pregnancy and asthma?

A

Asthma has associated cough and chest tightness

31
Q

what is fetal dysmaturity syndrome?

A

Complication or post-term pregnancy - due to age-related placental changes -> SGA, thin neonate with loose skin and meconium stained amniotic fluid

32
Q

what causes aspiration (chemical) pneumonitis?

A

-the aspiration of gastric acid leading to direct tissue injury & lung parenchymal injury

33
Q

risk factors for chemical (aspiration) pneumonitis?

A
  • increased intraabdominal pressure
  • delayed gastric emptying
  • altered consciousness or sedation
  • endotracheal intubtion, nasogastric tube
  • gastric reflux
34
Q

presentation of chemical pneumonitis?

A
  • occurs within hours of the aspiration event
  • acute-onset dyspnea, low grade fever, hypoxemia
  • diffuse crackles on exam
  • chest xray infiltrates
35
Q

does chemical pneumonitis require antibiotics?

A

no - usually self resolves

36
Q

why is hypotension common after an epidural?

A

sympathetic fibers responsible for vascular tone may be blocked -> vasodilation and pooling

37
Q

how to treat hyptoension from an epidural?

A

IV fluids, putting woman in left lateral position to increase venous return, vasopressors if needed

38
Q

what treatments are given to a woman in preterm labour at <32 weeks?

A
  • tocolysis
  • betamethasone
  • MgSulfate
  • penicillin
39
Q

what is indomethicin used for in preterm labour?

A

tocolysis

40
Q

adverse effect of indomethicin for tocolysis?

A

oligohydramnios (decreases prostaglandin production leading to fetal vasoconstriction which can lead to decreased fetal renal perfusion and oligouria)

41
Q

which antibiotics are given for asymptomatic bacteruria in pregnancy?

A
  • cephalexin
  • amoxicillin-claluvonate
  • nitrofurantoin
  • fosfomycin
42
Q

can you give fluoroquinolones in pregnancy?

A

NO - teratogenic effects on fetal bone/tooth development

43
Q

what causes HIT?

A

heparin forms a complex with platelet factor 4

44
Q

clinical features of HIT?

A

drop in platelet count >50%

  • arterial or venous clots
  • necrosis at site
  • anaphylactoid reaction after heparin

OBS and GYN (42 decks)

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