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jeremy harmon > Intro to forensics > Flashcards

Intro to forensics Flashcards

0
Q

Eyewitness

A

A person who has seen someone or something and can communicate those facts

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1
Q

Analytical skills

A

The ability to identify a concept or problem

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2
Q

Forensic

A

The application of scientific knowledge to legal questions

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3
Q

Observation

A

What a person perceives using his or her senses

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4
Q

Perception

A

Interpreting information received from the senses

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5
Q

Deductive Reasoning

A

Deriving the consequences from the facts by using a series of logical steps

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6
Q

Deriving

A

Reasoning

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7
Q

Fact

A

A statement or assertion of information that can be verified

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8
Q

Logical

A

Conclusions drawn from assumptions and known facts

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9
Q

Opinion

A

Personal belief founded on judgement rather then on direct experience or knowledge

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10
Q

Rule of Admissibility of Evidence

A

If the evidence can be used in court or not

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11
Q

Chain of Custody

A

A list of all people who came into contact with an item of evidence

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12
Q

Class Characteristics

A

Properties of evidence that can be associated only with a group and never a single source

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13
Q

Frye standard

A

Rule of admissibility of evidence, procedure and equipment presented at trial must be generally accepted by the scientific community

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14
Q

Individual Characteristics

A

Properties of evidence that can be attributed to a common source with an extremely high degree of credibility

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15
Q

Locards exchange principle

A

when 2 objects come into contact with one another a cross transfer of material occurs

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16
Q

Cross transferring

A

Where you transfer materials between objects

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17
Q

Physical Evidence

A

Any object that can establish a crime has been committed or can link a suspect to a victim or a crime scene

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18
Q

Reference sample

A

A sample from a known source used for comparison, also known as exemplar

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19
Q

Scientific method

A

A series of logical steps to ensure careful and systematic collection, identification, organization and analysis of information

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20
Q

Soil examination (1 word definition)

A

Dirt

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21
Q

Ballistics (1 word definition)

A

Bullets

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22
Q

Document Examination (1 word definition)

A

Documents

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23
Q

DNA Analysis (example hint S and U)

A

Saliva and urine

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24
Q

Toxicology (1 word definition)

A

Poison

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25
Q

Latent fingerprinting (1 word definition)

A

Fingerprinting

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26
Q

Glass analysis (1 word definition)

A

Glass

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27
Q

Hair and Fiber (2 word definition)

A

Hair and clothing

28
Q

Blood Spatter (1 word definition)

A

Spatter

29
Q

Serology (1 word definition)

A

Blood

30
Q

Entomology (1 word definition)

A

Bugs

31
Q

Casts and Impressions (1 word definition)

A

Impressions

32
Q

Odontology (1 word definition)

A

Teeth

33
Q

Cyber Crimes (1 word definition)

A

Computer

34
Q

Arson (1 word definition)

A

Fire

35
Q

Pathology (1 word definition)

A

Autopsy

36
Q

Mathieu Orfila

A

Father of toxicology

37
Q

Alphonse Bertillon

A

Invented a body measurement system

38
Q

Sir Arthur Conan Doyle

A

Invented Sherlock Holmes

39
Q

Hans Gross

A

Criminalistics

40
Q

Francis Galton

A

Realized finger printing could be used

41
Q

Sir Edward Richard Henry

A

Classified finger printing

42
Q

Karl Landsteiner

A

Came up with different blood types

43
Q

FBI

A

Largest forensic science lab in the world

44
Q

Edmond Locard

A

Principle which has to do with cross transferring

45
Q

Albert Osborne

A

Wrote Questions document

46
Q

Leone Lattes

A

He typed blood for DRY stains

47
Q

Calvin Goddard

A

Ballistics and comparison microscope

48
Q

Frye v U.S.

A

Frye Standard

49
Q

Rosalind Franklin

A

CAME UP with the structure of DNA

50
Q

Watson and Crick

A

BUILT the DNA structure

51
Q

Alec Jeffreys

A

DNA fingerprinting

52
Q

Daubert v Merrell Dow

A

Trial judge ended up having the power to decide if expert testimony was admissible

53
Q

What is the major difference between a field forensic scientist and a crime lab forensic scientist

A

Field scientist secures the crime scene

Crime forensic scientist receives or signs for evidence

54
Q

Discovery ( the discovery in the trial process)

A

Both sides has to share their information

55
Q

What are the 4 pretrial steps? (SADP)

A

Suspect arrested
Arraignment
Discovery
Preliminary hearing

56
Q

What other route can the trial process go when it gets to discovery (PCS)

A

Plea deal offer accepted
Conviction
Sentencing

57
Q

Post trial process (JACAS)

A 
Jury deliberation 
Acquittal 
Conviction 
Appeals Process 
Sentencing
58
Q

In what year was the US constitution signed

A

1787

59
Q

Which amendment provides the right to trial by a jury of peers for criminal case?

A

6th amendment

60
Q

Which amendment protects people against unreasonable search and seizure of their person and property?

A

4th Amendment

61
Q

When will a judge issue a search warrant or arrest warrant?

A

Probable cause

62
Q

What 3 things allow law enforcement to search or make an arrest without a warrant?

A
  • person gives consent
  • immediate danger
  • immediate risk of evidence being destroyed
63
Q

Arraignment

A

Pretrial conference between the prosecution and defense

64
Q

In what type of cases is bail usually not offered

A

Capital murder

65
Q

During what phase is a plea deal offered?

A

Discovery

66
Q

What does reaching a unanimous verdict mean?

A

Everyone agrees on the verdict

67
Q

When does the appeals process take place

A

After conviction

68
Q

What type of evidence can be used?

A

No new evidence can be used, same evidence as the last trial

jeremy harmon (108 decks)

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