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jeremy harmon > DNA > Flashcards

DNA Flashcards

1
Q

Chromosome

A

A cell structure that contains genetic information along strands of DNA

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2
Q

DNA fingerprint

A

Pattern of DNA fragments obtained by examining a persons unique sequence of DNA base pairs

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3
Q

Electrophoresis

A

A method of separating molecules

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4
Q

Gene

A

Segment of DNA in a chromosome that contains information used to produce a protein or RNA molecule

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5
Q

Allele

A

An alternate form of a gene

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6
Q

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

A

A method used to rapidly make multiple copies of a specific segment of DNA

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7
Q

Restriction enzyme

A

A molecule that cuts a DNA molecule at a specific base sequence

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8
Q

Short Tandem Repeat (STR)

A

Short number of tandem repeats (2-5 base pairs) of short DNA sequences with varying numbers of repeats found among individuals

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9
Q

Tandem

A

Next to each other

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10
Q

VNTR

A

Variable number of tandem repeats (9-80 base pairs) of a short DNA sequence with varying numbers of repeats among individuals

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11
Q

DNA extraction

A

Process of removing DNA from a cell

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12
Q

Homologous chromosomes

A

Pair of chromosomes in which one chromosome was inherited from the male parent and the other was inherited by the female parent

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13
Q

Nucleotide

A

Subunit of DNA and other nucleic acids

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14
Q

True or false? Correct the statement if it’s false

There are 35 chromosomes in each human cell nucleus.

A

False 46 chromosomes

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15
Q

True or false? Correct the statement if it’s false

Chromosomes are tightly coiled DNA.

A

True

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16
Q

True or false? Correct the statement if it’s false

DNA determines the body characteristics of an organism

A

True

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17
Q

True or false? Correct the statement if it’s false

DNA is extracted from red blood cells found in a blood sample.

A

False

There is no DNA in red blood cells

18
Q

The DNA inside of a persons skin cell is the same as the DNA inside of their white blood cells.

A

True

19
Q

True or false? Correct the statement if it’s false

Identical twins have different base sequences of DNA.

A

False

Identical twins are the only people who have exactly the same DNA sequence.

20
Q

Does A pair with T, C or G?

A

A pairs with T

21
Q

Does C pair with A,G or T

A

C pairs with G

22
Q

Does T pair with C, A or G?

A

T pairs with A

23
Q

Does G pair with A, C or T

A

G pairs with C

24
Q

True or false? Correct the statement if it’s false

In the DNA structure, adenine (A) will only link with cytosine (C) and guanine (G) will only link with thymine (T)

A

False
A pairs with T
C pairs with G

25
Q

True or false? Correct the statement if it’s false

The monomer of DNA is a nucleotide.

A

True

26
Q

True or false? Correct the statement if it’s false

DNA’s structure is 3 strands of the molecule twisted together.

A

False

2 strands. Known as double helix

27
Q

True or false? Correct the statement if it’s false

DNA evidence is class evidence.

A

False

Individual evidence

28
Q

True or false? Correct the statement if it’s false

PCR stands for polymerase chain reaction, and is the technique for making many copies of DNA in the lab.

A

True

29
Q

True or false? Correct the statement if it’s false

The Innocence project is an organization which tests DNA evidence from old cases and exonerates the wrongfully convicted.

A

True it exonerated 306 people

30
Q

What are the three steps for creating a DNA fingerprint? (In order)

A
  1. DNA extraction from cells
  2. PCR to make more copies of the DNA.
  3. Gel electrophoresis to separate the DNA in bands to create the DNA fingerprint.
31
Q

What type of cells are usually taken from a suspect when a DNA sample is collected?

A

Cheek cells

32
Q

Describe how DNA moves through the gel electrophoresis and how that information is used to analyze the DNA fingerprint?

A
  1. The DNA moves from the negative end towards the positive end.
  2. Small pieces move quicker than larger pieces.
33
Q

What are the three parts of a nucleotide?

A

Phosphate, sugar and a nitrogen base

34
Q

What is 1 difference between analyzing a gel for a match between 2 DNA samples and analyzing gel for a paternity test?

A

For the 2 DNA samples you look for two lanes of DNA fingerprint ending which have banding patterns that match exactly EVERY band
- for paternity test (father) you look for one band at each STR region matching exactly with one of the fathers band from each STR region

35
Q

At one STR region a person has 5 STR repeats on the maternal chromosome and 11 STR repeats on their paternal chromosome. Write the Genotype for this person?

A

5,11

36
Q

At one STR region a person has 4 STR repeats on the maternal chromosome and 8 STR repeats on their paternal chromosome. Write the Genotype for this person?

A

4,8

37
Q

At one STR region a person has 3 STR repeats on the maternal chromosome and 7STR repeats on their paternal chromosome. Write the Genotype for this person?

A

3,7

38
Q

How many STR regions does the FBI test?

A

13

39
Q

Why doesn’t the FBI test for more STRs?

A

If they test for less there’s a chance someone will have the same DNA which leads to a wrongful conviction.

40
Q

Heterozygous

A

2 DIFFERENT numbers

41
Q

Homozygous

A

SAME number twice

jeremy harmon (108 decks)

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