innate immune system Flashcards
innate immune system
It is a rapid and nonspecific response that provides immediate protection against pathogens
the innate immune system responds in different ways to all pathogens and foreign materials, true or false
false, because they are non specific
pathogens that can penetrate the skin
parasites or their larvae
most pathogens cannot penetrate the skin, true or false
true
all the cells of the immune system originate from which stem cells
HSCs
what are some functions of the innate immune system
Recruiting immune cells to sites of infection, through the production of chemical factors, including specialized chemical mediators, called cytokines
Activation of the complement cascade to identify bacteria, activate cells, and promote clearance of antibody complexes or dead cells
Identification and removal of foreign substances present in organs, tissues, blood and lymph, by specialized white blood cells
Activation of the adaptive immune system through a process known as antigen presentation
Acting as a physical and chemical barrier to infectious agents
phagocytosis
It is a specific form of endocytosis involving the vascular internalization of solids such as bacteria by an organism
endocytosis
a process through which a cell absorbs a particle, molecule, bacterium, or other type of matter by engulfing it
components of the internal innate immune system
Phagocytic cells
Complement proteins
Antigen presenting cells
where are complement proteins made
primarily in the liver
complement proteins are a family of of type of proteins?
plasma glycoproteins
what are the three major functions of the complement proteins
Membrane attack complex (MAC)
Chemotaxis
Act as opsonins in a process known as Opsonisation
chemotaxis
Movement of cell or organisms in response to a chemical stimulus
are there any cells present in the complement system
no
what happens to complement proteins when there is a pathogenic attack
they are activated, leading to a series of events on the surface of the pathogen
they then form a membrane attack complex (MAC) which pierces the membrane of the cell initiating a sequence of events leading to lysis (of a microbe) or apoptosis
opsonisation
a process in the immune system that enhances the ability of phagocytic cells to recognize and engulf pathogens, such as bacteria or viruses
clinical symptoms of inflammation
swelling
redness
pain
warmth
loss of function
inflammation
a complex biological response to harmful stimuli, such as pathogens, damaged cells, or irritants
the most abundant type of white blood cells
neutrophils
where are neutrophils formed
stem cells in the bone barrow
where do mast cells come from, and go?
from the bone marrow and go into all tissues in the body
describe the process of phagocytosis
microbe adheres to the phagocyte
phagocytes form pseudopods that eventually engulf the particle
phagosome forms
phagocyte fuses with lysosomes to form phagolysosome
lysozomal enzymes within the phagolysosome kill and digest the microbe, leaving residual bodies
the indigestible residual bodies are released by the phagocyte through exocytosis
the innate system is split into two parts. name them
internal
external
each mast cell contains which molecules ?
secretory granules
what do each secretory granule contain
powerful biologically active molecules called mediators
functions of dendritic cells in immunology
essential for initiating and regulating immune responses by capturing, processing, and presenting antigens to T cells
natural killer cells
a type of lymphocyte, a white blood cell, that plays a critical role in the innate immune system
are natural killer cells cytotoxic?
yes
name given to proteins contained by small granules in the cytoplasm of natural killer cells
granzymes
during chemotaxis, which molecules act as the chemical stimulus to direct cells of the immune system to the site of action?
complement proteins
Are natural killer cells phagocytes
No
Can mast cells act as phagocytosis
Yes
Name 3 cytokine families
Interleukins
Chemokines
Growth factors
Interferons
Macropinocytosis
Process by which dendritic cells take up extra cellular fluid by endocytosis
immune cells, that can recognize and target cells without the need for prior exposure or sensitization.
NK cells
