Inheritance - proteinsynthesis

Question 1

how many amino acids are there in humans?

Answer 1

20 different

Question 2

what does the order of amino acids determine?

Answer 2

the shape which determines the protein function

Question 3

what is the order of amino acids in a protein determined by?

Answer 3

the sequence of bases in the gene for that protein

Question 4

how does the cell read the DNA sequence?

Answer 4

as triplets of bases. each triplet encodes for a specific amino acid in the protein

Question 5

stages of protein synthesis

Answer 5

first stage takes place in the nucleus and the second stage takes place in the cytoplasm

Question 6

first stage of protein synthesis

Answer 6

first stage called transcription. base sequence of gene is copied into a complementary template molecule (scientists call this messenger RNA or mRNA. mRNA is a single stranded molecule) mRNA passes out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm

Question 7

second stage of protein synthesis

Answer 7

second stage called translation. mRNA molecule attaches to a ribosome. amino acids brought to ribosome on carrier molecules. these molecules are called transfer RNA or tRNA. the ribosome reads the triplets on the mRNA + uses this to join together the correct amino acids in the correct order. once protein chain is complete, it now folds into its unique shape