Inheritance - DNA and the Genome

Question 1

what do chromosomes contain?

Answer 1

molecule DNA which is genetic material

Question 2

what does DNA determine?

Answer 2

our inherited features

Question 3

what does DNA consist of? (structure)

Answer 3

two strands. each are a polymer. each strand made by joining together lots of smaller molecule. two strands wrap around each other to form a double helix

Question 4

what is a gene?

Answer 4

a small section of DNA on a chromosome

Question 5

what is gene for blood type found on?

Answer 5

chromosome number 9

Question 6

what does each gene encode for?

Answer 6

a specific sequence of amino acids to make a specific protein

Question 7

what does the blood type gene encode?

Answer 7

the sequence of amino acids for the protein that determines blood types

Question 8

how many genes does chromosome 9 have?

Answer 8

over 700

Question 9

what do both chromosomes in a pair have?

Answer 9

same gene

Question 10

what is the genome?

Answer 10

the entire genetic material of an organism (human genome is entire genetic material that makes a human)

Question 11

benefits of studying/understanding human genome

Answer 11

• understanding human genome helps us to search for genes that are linked to a disease e.g genes that increase risk of developing cancer or Alzheimer’s disease
• help us to understand + treat inherited disorders e.g cystic fibrosis
• trace human migration patterns from the past. help discover ancestry