Influnceing Factors sV cO Hr

Question 1

what is the formula for cardiac output?

Answer 1

heart rate times stroke volume equals cardiac output

HR(SV)= CO

Question 2

what is the formula for stroke volume?

Answer 2

EDV- ESV= SV

Question 3

change heart rate alter activity of nodal cells often work by autonomic nervous system or hormones

Answer 3

chronotropic agents

Question 4

chronotropic agent acts to alter activity of nodal cells of via?

Answer 4

autonomic nervous system or hormones

Question 5

a positive chronotropic agent that increases the number of B1 Adrena genic receptors on nodal cells?

Answer 5

thyroid hormone

Question 6

positive chronotropic agent that inhibits breakdown of camp

Answer 6

caffeine

Question 7

positive chronotropic agent that increases release of norepinephrine

Answer 7

nicotine

Question 8

positive chronotropic agent that inhibits reuptake of norepinephrine

Answer 8

cocaine

Question 9

what factors influence heart rate?

Answer 9

1) chronotropic agents

2) autonomic reflexes

Question 10

what protects the heart from overfilling?

Answer 10

Bainbridge reflex

Question 11

baroreceptors in atrial walls are stimulated by venous return, increase nerve impulses to cardio accelera Tory Center comma increased excitation of sympathetic

Answer 11

Bainbridge / atrial reflex

Question 12

what factors influence stroke volume?

Answer 12

venous return inotropic agents and afterload

venous return
intropic agents
afterload

Question 13

increase in end-diastolic volume, greater stretch on atrial wall equals more optimal overlap of thick and thin filaments

Answer 13

Frank Starling law influences stroke volume maintains bounce ventricular output

Question 14

maintains balance ventricular output

Answer 14

Frank Starling law

Question 15

volume of blood returns to the heart effects?

Answer 15

stroke volume

Question 16

stroke volume directly affects

Answer 16

cardiac output

Question 17

venous return stroke volume heart rate all effect?

Answer 17

cardiac output

Question 18

amount of blood pumped by one single ventricle in one minute?

Answer 18

cardiac output

Question 19

parasympathetic axons released acetylcholine that binds to M2 muscarinic receptors this opens potassium channels causing hyperpolarization which causes?

Answer 19

is hyperpolarization causes a longer time to reach threshold.

slows heart rate - negative chronotropic agents

Question 20

what is an example of a negative chronotropic agent?

Answer 20

beta blockers

Question 21

inotropic agents affect?

Answer 21

alter contractility and change stroke volume

Question 22

generally inotropic agents Ultra contractility due to changes in?

Answer 22

calcium available in sarcoplasm

Question 23

positive inotropic agents increase available calcium via?

Answer 23

EPI and NE work by a beta 1 receptors to increase calcium

thyroid hormone increases # beta 1 receptors

Question 24

electrolyte imbalances and certain drugs that block channels decrease available calcium best lowering contractility these are referred to as?

Answer 24

negative inotrope agents