Chapter 22 Deck 3

Question 1

what is the thin barrier between the alveoli and the pulmonary capillaries consisting of alveolar epithelium and its basement membrane and capillary epithelium and its basement membrane

Answer 1

respiratory membrane

Question 2

oxygen is carried across from alveolus into capillaries Via?

Answer 2

diffusion

Question 3

once oxygen diffuses from alveolus into capillaries __________ become oxygenated?

Answer 3

erythrocytes

Question 4

___________ diffuses from blood into alveolus, expired to external environment?

Answer 4

carbon dioxide

Question 5

lungs are in the _______ on either side of the _________

Answer 5

thorax, mediastinum

Question 6

the base of a long is located Atop The________?

the Apex of a long is located at the ____________?

Answer 6

atop the diaphragm

at the superior point

Question 7

what is the indented region on lungs mediastinal side where bronchi pulmonary vessels nerves and lymph vessels enter?

Answer 7

hilum or root of the lung

Question 8

the right lung has how many lobes? The left lung has how many lobes and one other feature?

Answer 8

the right lung has 3 lobes

the left lung has two lobes and a cardiac notch

Question 9

each lung is separated into multiple ___________________?

Answer 9

bronchopulmonary segments

Question 10

____________________within the lungs are supplied with their own artery, vein, and the lymph vessels, segmental bronchus

Answer 10

bronchial pulmonary segments

Question 11

each bronchiole pulmonary segment is further segmented into?

Answer 11

lobules

Question 12

each lobe you all is supplied by a?

4 things

Answer 12

1. terminal bronchiole
2. arteriole
3. venule
4. lymph vessel

Question 13

individual _______________________ can be removed individually in case disease?

Answer 13

bronchopulmonary segments

Question 14

two types of pleura surrounding.lungs?

Answer 14

visceral pleura, parietal pleura

Question 15

________ pleura adheres too long surface

Answer 15

visceral

Question 16

________ pleura adheres to structures surrounding lung cavities

Answer 16

parietal pleura

Question 17

each lung is enclosed in a separate ___________________ membrane, helps limit spread of infection?

Answer 17

visceral pleura

Question 18

___________ cavity is located between visceral and parietal serous membranes?

Answer 18

pleural cavity

Question 19

_________ fluid produced by serous membranes, lubricates allowing pleural surfaces to slide easily comma drain continuously by lymph

Answer 19

serous fluid

Question 20

lungs cling to chest wall due to?

Answer 20

serous fluid surface tension

Question 21

the pressure between serous membranes is low what is that pressure called?

Answer 21

intrapleural pressure

Question 22

because ______________ is greater than intrapleural pressure, lungs remain inflated

Answer 22

intrapulmonary pressure

Question 23

free air in the pleural cavity is known as?

Answer 23

pneumothorax

Question 24

movement into and out of the lungs is referred to as?

Answer 24

pulmonary ventilation

Question 25

external respiration, exchange of gases between alveoli and blood is known as?

Answer 25

alveolar gas exchange

Question 26

transport of gases in blood between lungs and systemic cells is known as?

Answer 26

gas transport

Question 27

exchange of respiratory gases between the blood and the stomach cells is known as?

Answer 27

internal respiration or systemic gas exchange

Question 28

alveolar gas exchange refers to?

Answer 28

change of gases between alveoli and blood

Question 29

gas transport refers to?

Answer 29

transport of gases in blood between lungs systemic cells

Question 30

pulmonary ventilation refers to?

Answer 30

movement of air into and out of lungs, breathing

Question 31

internal respiration is also known as?

Answer 31

systemic gas exchange exchange of respiratory gases between the blood and systemic cells

Question 32

external respiration is also known as?

Answer 32

exchange of gases between alveoli and blood

Question 33

what are the four processes in respiration, exchange of gases between atmosphere and body cells?

Answer 33

1. pulmonary ventilation 2. alveolar gas exchange 3. gas transport 4. systemic gas exchange

Question 34

pulmonary ventilation are breathing consists of_______ cyclic phases

Answer 34

2 1. inspiration 2. expiration

Question 35

rhythmic breathing that occurs at rest is called?

Answer 35

quiet breathing

Question 36

vigorous breathing accompanies exercise is called?

Answer 36

forced breathing

Question 37

__________ ________ in the brain stem regulate breathing activity

Answer 37

autonomic nuclei

Question 38

what changes thorax volume

Answer 38

skeletal muscles

Question 39

volume changes result in pressure gradient between?

Answer 39

lungs and atmosphere

Question 40

does air move up or down its pressure gradient?

Answer 40

down its pressure gradient air enters lungs during inspiration and exits during expiration

Question 41

what are the muscles of quiet breathing?

Answer 41

the diaphragm and external intercostals contract for inspiration

Question 42

external intercostals who's the ribs in what direction?

Answer 42

Elevate ribs

Question 43

the diaphragm flattens during expiration or inspiration?

Answer 43

inspiration

Question 44

what are muscles of forced inspiration? | 3

Answer 44

sternocleidomastoid scalenes pectoralis minor move rib cage superiorly laterally anteriorly and increase volume

Question 45

what are muscles of forced expiration?

Answer 45

internal intercostals | abdominal muscles

Question 46

muscles of forced expiration pull the rib cage in what Direction's?

Answer 46

inferiorly , medially, posteriorly or compress abdominal contents

Question 47

muscles of forced expiration and inspiration are collectively termed?

Answer 47

accessory muscles of breathing

Question 48

vertical changes in the thoracic cavity result from ___________ movement?

Answer 48

diaphragm

Question 49

is the diaphragm flattened when it contracts or relaxes?

Answer 49

flattens when contracted inspiration

Question 50

abdominal muscles contract for what type of breathing?

Answer 50

forced expiration

Question 51

in what directions do volume changes in the thoracic cavity correspond with

Answer 51

anterior posterior lateral vertical