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Bio 145 > Chapter 22 Deck 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 22 Deck 3 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is the thin barrier between the alveoli and the pulmonary capillaries consisting of alveolar epithelium and its basement membrane and capillary epithelium and its basement membrane

A

respiratory membrane

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2
Q

oxygen is carried across from alveolus into capillaries Via?

A

diffusion

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3
Q

once oxygen diffuses from alveolus into capillaries __________ become oxygenated?

A

erythrocytes

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4
Q

___________ diffuses from blood into alveolus, expired to external environment?

A

carbon dioxide

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5
Q

lungs are in the _______ on either side of the _________

A

thorax, mediastinum

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6
Q

the base of a long is located Atop The________?

the Apex of a long is located at the ____________?

A

atop the diaphragm

at the superior point

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7
Q

what is the indented region on lungs mediastinal side where bronchi pulmonary vessels nerves and lymph vessels enter?

A

hilum or root of the lung

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8
Q

the right lung has how many lobes? The left lung has how many lobes and one other feature?

A

the right lung has 3 lobes

the left lung has two lobes and a cardiac notch

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9
Q

each lung is separated into multiple ___________________?

A

bronchopulmonary segments

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10
Q

____________________within the lungs are supplied with their own artery, vein, and the lymph vessels, segmental bronchus

A

bronchial pulmonary segments

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11
Q

each bronchiole pulmonary segment is further segmented into?

A

lobules

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12
Q

each lobe you all is supplied by a?

4 things

A
  1. terminal bronchiole
  2. arteriole
  3. venule
  4. lymph vessel
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13
Q

individual _______________________ can be removed individually in case disease?

A

bronchopulmonary segments

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14
Q

two types of pleura surrounding.lungs?

A

visceral pleura, parietal pleura

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15
Q

________ pleura adheres too long surface

A

visceral

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16
Q

________ pleura adheres to structures surrounding lung cavities

A

parietal pleura

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17
Q

each lung is enclosed in a separate ___________________ membrane, helps limit spread of infection?

A

visceral pleura

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18
Q

___________ cavity is located between visceral and parietal serous membranes?

A

pleural cavity

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19
Q

_________ fluid produced by serous membranes, lubricates allowing pleural surfaces to slide easily comma drain continuously by lymph

A

serous fluid

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20
Q

lungs cling to chest wall due to?

A

serous fluid surface tension

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21
Q

the pressure between serous membranes is low what is that pressure called?

A

intrapleural pressure

22
Q

because ______________ is greater than intrapleural pressure, lungs remain inflated

A

intrapulmonary pressure

23
Q

free air in the pleural cavity is known as?

A

pneumothorax

24
Q

movement into and out of the lungs is referred to as?

A

pulmonary ventilation

25
Q

external respiration, exchange of gases between alveoli and blood is known as?

A

alveolar gas exchange

26
Q

transport of gases in blood between lungs and systemic cells is known as?

A

gas transport

27
Q

exchange of respiratory gases between the blood and the stomach cells is known as?

A

internal respiration or systemic gas exchange

28
Q

alveolar gas exchange refers to?

A

change of gases between alveoli and blood

29
Q

gas transport refers to?

A

transport of gases in blood between lungs systemic cells

30
Q

pulmonary ventilation refers to?

A

movement of air into and out of lungs, breathing

31
Q

internal respiration is also known as?

A

systemic gas exchange

exchange of respiratory gases between the blood and systemic cells

32
Q

external respiration is also known as?

A

exchange of gases between alveoli and blood

33
Q

what are the four processes in respiration, exchange of gases between atmosphere and body cells?

A
  1. pulmonary ventilation
  2. alveolar gas exchange
  3. gas transport
  4. systemic gas exchange
34
Q

pulmonary ventilation are breathing consists of_______ cyclic phases

A

2

  1. inspiration
  2. expiration
35
Q

rhythmic breathing that occurs at rest is called?

A

quiet breathing

36
Q

vigorous breathing accompanies exercise is called?

A

forced breathing

37
Q

__________ ________ in the brain stem regulate breathing activity

A

autonomic nuclei

38
Q

what changes thorax volume

A

skeletal muscles

39
Q

volume changes result in pressure gradient between?

A

lungs and atmosphere

40
Q

does air move up or down its pressure gradient?

A

down its pressure gradient

air enters lungs during inspiration and exits during expiration

41
Q

what are the muscles of quiet breathing?

A

the diaphragm and external intercostals

contract for inspiration

42
Q

external intercostals who’s the ribs in what direction?

A

Elevate ribs

43
Q

the diaphragm flattens during expiration or inspiration?

A

inspiration

44
Q

what are muscles of forced inspiration?

3

A

sternocleidomastoid
scalenes
pectoralis minor

move rib cage superiorly laterally anteriorly and increase volume

45
Q

what are muscles of forced expiration?

A

internal intercostals

abdominal muscles

46
Q

muscles of forced expiration pull the rib cage in what Direction’s?

A

inferiorly , medially, posteriorly or compress abdominal contents

47
Q

muscles of forced expiration and inspiration are collectively termed?

A

accessory muscles of breathing

48
Q

vertical changes in the thoracic cavity result from ___________ movement?

A

diaphragm

49
Q

is the diaphragm flattened when it contracts or relaxes?

A

flattens when contracted

inspiration

50
Q

abdominal muscles contract for what type of breathing?

A

forced expiration

51
Q

in what directions do volume changes in the thoracic cavity correspond with

A

anterior posterior lateral vertical

Bio 145 (24 decks)

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