Chapter 19 Cardiac Cycle

Question 1

what are five steps to the cardiac cycle?

Answer 1

1) atrial contraction + ventricular filling
2) isovolumetric contraction
3) ventricular ejection
4) isovolumetric relaxation
5) atrial relaxation and ventricular filling

Question 2

in what phase of the cardiac cycle is the ventricular pressure less than both the atrial pressure and arterial trunk pressure and the AV valves are open semi-lunar valves closed.

Answer 2

atrial contraction and ventricular filling

Question 3

in what stage of the cardiac cycle is ventricular pressure greater than atrial pressure but less than arterial trunk pressure. The AV valves are closed and semilunar valves are also closed.

Answer 3

isovolumetric contraction

and isovolumetric relaxation

Question 4

what are the notable differences between Chambers ventricular pressure and valves in the isovolumetric contraction phase and the isovolumetric relaxation phase?

Answer 4

in isovolumetric contraction the Atria is relaxed but ventricles contract. Atria and ventricles are relaxed in isovolumetric relaxation.

Question 5

in what phase are Atria and ventricles relaxed comma ventricular pressure pressure is less than atrial pressure and arterial trunk pressure and AV valves open semi-lunar closed.

Answer 5

Adriel relaxation and ventricular filling

Question 6

in what cardiac face are the Atria relaxed ventricles contracted and ventricular pressure is greater than both arterial trunk pressure and atrial pressure. AV valves closed semilunar open

Answer 6

ventricular ejection

Question 7

where is the least amount of pressure during atrial relaxation ventricular filling?

Answer 7

ventricle

Question 8

what are two phases in the cardiac cycle where ventricular pressure is less than both atrial and arterial trunk pressure?

Answer 8

both atrial contraction and ventricular filling and atrial relaxation and ventricular filling.

Question 9

what valves are open during atrial relaxation and ventricular filling?

Answer 9

AV valves

Question 10

what valves are open during ventricular ejection?

Answer 10

semi-lunar valves

Question 11

in what phase is ventricular pressure greater than atrial and arterial trunk pressure?

Answer 11

ventricular ejection

Question 12

in what phase is ventricular pressure greater than atrial pressure but less than arterial trunk pressure?

Answer 12

both isovolumetric phases

Question 13

what term refers to the contraction of a heart chamber

Answer 13

systole

Question 14

refers to relaxation of the heart chamber?

Answer 14

diastole

Question 15

what is end-diastolic volume?

Answer 15

volume of blood within the ventricle at end of diastole.

Question 16

what is stroke volume?

Answer 16

the amount of blood pumped out during ventricular contraction

Question 17

the amount of blood left over after ventricular contraction is called?

Answer 17

end- systolic volume

Question 18

how do you calculate end systolic volume?

Answer 18

subtract systolic volume from end-diastolic volume

Question 19

sustained pumping of unequal amounts of blood may result in?

Answer 19

systemic or pulmonary edema

Question 20

an abnormal heart sound is called?

Answer 20

heart murmur

Question 21

the two sounds you hear from the heart are first? and II?

Answer 21

sound one is the closing of the atrioventricular valves, sounds too is the closing of the semilunar valves.

Question 22

what is cardiac output

Answer 22

liters of blood pumped by a single ventricle per minute

HR(SV) = CO

Question 23

chronotropic agents change the heart rate by altering activity of what?

Answer 23

sa and AV nodes

Question 24

chronotropic agents often work via?

Answer 24

autonomic nervous system or hormones.

Question 25

positive chronotropic agent increase the heart rate three sympathetic innervation by?

Answer 25

housing weapon a friend and epinephrine to be released and binds nodal cells increasing their firing rate