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Bio 145 > Chapter 22 Deck 6 > Flashcards

Chapter 22 Deck 6 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

__________: measures respiratory volume

  • can be used to assess respiratory health
  • four volumes measured
A

Spirometer

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2
Q

what are the Fallout 4 volumes measured by spirometry?

A
  1. tidal volume
  2. IRV
  3. ERV
  4. RV
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3
Q

what is RV in spirometry?

A

residual volume

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4
Q

_______: amount of air inhaled or exhaled per breath during quiet breathing

A

tidal volume

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5
Q

_________: amount of air that can be forcibly inhaled be on the title volume, measure of compliance

A

inspiratory Reserve volume

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6
Q

__________: amount that can be forcibly exhaled Beyond title volume, measure of elasticity

A

expiratory Reserve volume

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7
Q

_________: amount of air left in the lungs after the most forceful expiration

A

residual volume

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8
Q

what spirometer measurement is a measure of elasticity?

A

expiratory Reserve volume

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9
Q

what’s barometer measurement is a measurement of compliance?

A

inspiratory Reserve volume

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10
Q

what is compliance?

A

ease with which lungs and chest wall expand

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11
Q

compliance is determined by surface tension and __________alphabet chest and lung

A

elasticity

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12
Q

compliance has a ________ relationship to resistance

A

inverse

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13
Q

what are the four capacity is measured by spirometry?

A
  1. IC
  2. FRC
  3. VC
  4. TLC
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14
Q

____________= tidal volume plus inspiratory Reserve volume

A

inspiratory capacity IC

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15
Q

_________. : expiratory Reserve Volume Plus residual volume comma volume left in the lungs after quiet expiration

A

functional residual capacity FRC

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16
Q

________: tidal volume plus inspiratory Reserve volume and expiratory Reserve volume

A

vital capacity

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17
Q

________: sum of all volumes including residual volume comma maximum volume of air that the lungs can hold

A

total lung capacity TLC

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18
Q

__________: pressure exerted by each gas in a mixture of gases, each moves independently down his own partial pressure gradient during gas exchange

A

partial pressure

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19
Q

during gas exchange eats gas moves __________ down as partial pressure gradient

A

independently

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20
Q

total of all pressures is = _________

A

atmospheric pressure

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21
Q

what are major gases contributing to atmospheric pressure?

A

nitrogen, oxygen come CO2, h2O

22
Q

what is the formula for partial pressure of a gas?

A

total pressure × % gas = P total

23
Q

_________: the total pressure in a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the individual partial measures

A

Dalton’s law

24
Q

partial pressure gradients are analogous to ______________?

A

concentration gradient

25
Q

both types of gas exchange, alveolar gas exchange, and stomach gas exchange both depend on?

A

pressure gradients

26
Q

what are three reasons why partial pressure in alveoli differs from atmospheric partial pressures?

A
  1. atmospheric air mixes with residual air
  2. O2 and CO2 are being exchanged
  3. more water vapor is present in alveoli
27
Q

within the alveoli the partial pressure of within the alveoli the partial pressure of_______is lower than in the atmosphere

A

po2

28
Q

within the alveoli the partial pressure of_______is higher than in the atmosphere

A

pco2

29
Q

the differences in partial pressure of oxygen and CO2 between the atmosphere and alveoli generally ________________

A

remain constant

30
Q

in systemic cells the partial pressure of oxygen is __________ and ________ higher than alveoli

A

oxygen lower
then in alveoli
CO2 higher

31
Q

under resting normal conditions the partial pressures of oxygen and CO2 in systemic cells generally ____________

A

remains constant

32
Q

in circulating blood, gas partial pressures are ____________

A

not constant

33
Q

how to enters blood in __________capillaries in CO2 leaves

A

pulmonary

34
Q

02 leaves​ blood in __________capillaries, CO2 enters

A

systemic capillaries

35
Q

_________ law: the concentration of a gas in liquid is proportional to its partial pressure

A

Henry’s law

36
Q

gas molecules can exist in what states?

A

can exist in gas form or dissolved in liquid

37
Q

the ability of a gas to to dissolve in liquid depends on?

A

properties of gas and properties of liquid

38
Q

does vaporized and dissolved gases exert _____________

A

partial pressures

39
Q

which gas is more soluble in water carbon dioxide or oxygen?

A

carbon dioxide

40
Q

what drives diffusion of gases?

A

pressure gradients

41
Q

can a gas diffuse down its own partial pressure gradient?

A

yes

42
Q

in gas mixtures gases diffuse down?

A

partial pressure gradients

43
Q

what four factors affect the efficiency of gas exchange at respiratory membrane?

A
  1. membrane thickness
  2. diffusion coefficient of gas
  3. surface area
  4. partial pressure differences
44
Q

diseases like emphysema and lung cancer reduce available surface area they are for a day fact the __________________at respiratory membrane

A

efficiency of gas exchange

45
Q

co2 is ____ times more defusable then O2

A

20

46
Q

the thicker the membrane the lower the_________

A

diffusion rate

47
Q

partial pressure of oxygen entering pulmonary capillaries is_____ mmHg

A

40

48
Q

partial pressure of oxygen in a viola is _______mmHg

A

104

49
Q

the partial pressure of oxygen in the blood rises until it equals that of the alveoli, as a result to mingling deoxygenated blood from bronchial veins the result is a po2 of ______

A

95 mmHg

50
Q

pC02 in alveoli is _________

PC02 in pulmonary caps is _______

A

alveoli = 40

pulmonary caps = 45

continues until blood levels meet alveoli levels

51
Q

levels of pco2 is alveoli change or remain constant?

A

constant

Bio 145 (24 decks)

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