Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Bio 145 > Chapter 17 > Flashcards

Chapter 17 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

________ have specific receptors for a hormone

A

target cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

________ and _______ systems are the two control systems of the body

A

endocrine and nervous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

________ _________ composed of ductless glands that sythisize hormones

A

endocrine system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

both endocrine and nervous systems release _________ _________ referred to as ________

A

chemical messengers referred to as ligands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

unlike the nervous system the endocrine system transmits hormones through ________

A

the blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

unlike the nervous system the endocrine system targets _____ ______ in the body with the correct _______

A

any cell with the correct receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

unlike the nervous system the effects of the endocrine system last _______ and exhibit ______ reaction times

A

longer and exhibit longer reaction times

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

effects of the ________ system tend to be localized and effects of the _________ system tend to be more widespread

A

nervous system has more localized effects

effects of the endocrine system are more widespread

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are four general functions of the endocrine system?

A

1) regulating development, growth, and metabolism
2) maintaining homeostasis of blood composition and volume
3) controlling digestive processes
4) controlling reproductive activities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

some glands are _______ ________ with solely endocrine function

A

endocrine organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

glands that are not endocrine organs are found in _______ which serve _______ ________.

A 
organs which serve other functions 
• hypothalamus
• skin 
• liver 
• stomach 
• pancreas 
• small intestine 
• Adipose tissue 
• kidneys 
• gonads
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are five examples of endocrine organs?

A

1) pituitary
2) Pineal
3) Thyroid
4) parathyroid
5) Adrenal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q 
hypothalamus 
skin 
thymus 
kidneys 
heart 
pancreas 
testis 
ovaries 
stomach 
small intestines

Are all examples of organs containing ________ _____

A

endocrine glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

________are lipid -soluble molecules synthesized from cholesterol

A

steroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are three types of endocrine stimulation?

A

1) hormonal
2) humoral
3) nervous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

during ______stimulation a gland cell releases hormone when it binds to some other hormone

A

hormonal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

during ______stimulation a gland releases its hormone when there is a certain change in levels of nutrient or ion in the blood

A

humoral stimulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

during ______stimulation a gland cell releases its hormone when a neuron stimulates it

A

nervous stimulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what are three categories of circulating hormones?

A

1) steroids
2) biogenic amines
3) proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

which category of circulating hormones includes catecholamines thyroid hormone and melatonin?

A

biogenic amines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

true or false proteins are category of circulating hormones which are lipid soluble

A

false

proteins are water-soluble

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

true or false, biogenic amines are category of circulating hormone which are water-soluble except for thyroid hormone?

A

true

biogenic amines are water soluble with the exception the thyroid hormone

23
Q

most hormones are in what category of circulating hormones?

A

proteins

24
Q

__________ are a category of circulating hormones that are composed of water-soluble chains of amino acids.

A

proteins

25
Q

what two groups of circulating hormones are water soluble?

A

proteins and biogenic amines

26
Q

what category of circulating hormones are lipid soluble?

A

steroids

27
Q

___________ are circulating hormones that are derived from amino acids that have been modified.

A

biogenic amines

28
Q

the three subgroups, small peptides, large polypeptides and glycoproteins all belong to which category of circulating hormone?

A

proteins

29
Q

norepinephrine, epinephrine, thyroid hormone, melatonin are all circulating hormones which belong to the category of ____________.

A

biogenic amines

30
Q

antidiuretic hormone, insulin, glucagon, growth hormone, erythropoietin are all examples of circulating hormones which belong to which category?

A

proteins

31
Q

estrogen, progesterone, testosterone, cortisol, aldosterone are all hormones which belong to which category of circulating hormones?

A

steroids

32
Q

Signaling molecules that don’t circulate in the blood but bind to neighboring cells or the cells that release them are called _______ ______

A

local hormones

33
Q

___________: local hormone formed from fatty acids in membranes

A

eicosanoids

34
Q

what are two types of eicosanoid effects?

A

1) autocrine stimulation- same cell

2) paracrine stimulation- neighboring cell

35
Q

when eicosanoids effect on the same cell where the messenger was formed it is called _________ stimulation

A

autocrine stimulation

36
Q

when eicosanoids effect on neighboring cells is referred to as __________ stimulation

A

Paracrine stimulation

37
Q

Eicosanoids are __________ ___________ formed from fatty acids in membranes

A

local hormones

38
Q

prostaglandins are eicosanoids which stimulate_______ and________ responses

A

pain and inflammatory responses

39
Q

aspirin and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs block __________ formation therefore blocking pain and inflammatory responses

A

prostaglandin

40
Q

lipid soluble hormones use __________ to be transported in the blood

A

carrier molecules

41
Q

carrier molecules are water soluble _________ made by the liver.

A

proteins

42
Q

true or false, most water soluble hormones travel freely through the blood timer but a few use carrier proteins to prolong their life.

A

true, most water soluble hormones do travel freely through the blood without the assistance of carrier proteins.

43
Q

prostaglandins are _________ which stimulate pain inflammatory response.

A

eicosanoids

44
Q

receptors for lipid soluble molecules are found in the ________ or _________. the hormone binds to its receptor and forms hormone- receptor complex

A

receptors for lipid soluble hormones are found in the cytosol OR nucleus of a cell

cytosol or nucleus *

45
Q

once a lipid soluble hormone enters the cell it binds to receptors in the cytosol OR nucleus and forms the _________-________ ________.

A

hormone - receptor complex

46
Q

the hormone receptor complex binds to a hormone response element of __________

A

DNA

47
Q

The Binding of a hormone receptor complex with a hormone response element of DNA results in _________ of an _________ which is then translated to a protein.

A

transcription of an mRNA.

48
Q

The Binding of a hormone receptor complex to a hormone response aliment of DNA resulting in transcription and translation to a protein may have __________ or __________ effects

A

structural or metabolic

The Binding of a hormone receptor complex to a hormone response element of DNA results in transcription of mRNA and translation to a protein. the resulting protein may have structural or metabolic effects.

49
Q

since water soluble hormones are polar and cannot diffuse through the cellular membrane they use a _________ ___________ pathway.

A

signal transduction pathway.

water soluble molecules use a signal transduction Pathway to reach Target receptor

50
Q

in the signal transduction pathway used by water soluble hormones the hormone is the ____ __________ it initiates events by binding to receptor

A

first messenger

51
Q

in the signal transduction pathway, binding of the first messenger / hormone to the receptor activates a _____________. ( an internal membrane protein that binds a guanine nucleotide)

A

G-protein

52
Q

activation of the G protein results in binding of _____ instead of ______.

A

GTP GDP

guanosine triphosphate instead of guanosine diphosphate

53
Q

G protein activation causes activation of a membrane enzyme such as. _________ ________ or phospholipase C

A

adenylate cyclase

G protein activation causes activation of a membrane enzyme such as adenylate cyclase or phospholipid C

54
Q

after G protein activation causes activation of a membrane enzyme, the activated enzyme catalyzes the formation of a _______ _________ - a chemical that modifies cellular activity

A

second messenger

activated enzyme catalyzes the formation of a second messenger

Bio 145 (24 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions