Chapter 17 63+

Question 1

cortisol causes target cells to increase ________ _________ _______

Answer 1

blood nutrient levels

Question 2

in response to cortisol most cells decrease their glucose uptake sparing it for the______. many body cells also break down proteins into______

Answer 2

brain. amino acids

Question 3

corticosterone is used as a treatment for________

Answer 3

inflammation

Question 4

defects of cortisol on the liver and adipose CT are similar to the effects of ________

Answer 4

growth hormone. Increased gluconeogenesis increased glycogenolysis in the liver and increased little Isis and decreased liquid Genesis in adipose

Question 5

in high doses cortisol has side effects including?

Answer 5

1) increases risk of infections, cancer
2) increases retention of sodium and water
3) inhibits connective tissue repair

Question 6

what is the disorder caused by dysregulation of glucocorticoid hormone that causes obesity, hypertension, excessive hair growth, kidney stones, and menstrual irregularities.?

Answer 6

Cushing syndrome period caused by excessive glucocorticoids hormones in people taking corticosteroids for therapy some cases when adrenal gland produces too much hormone.

Question 7

what is the disorder caused by dysregulation of glucocorticoid hormone that causes weight loss, fatigue and weakness, hypotension, and skin darkening

Answer 7

Addison’s disease. develops when adrenal glands fail chronic shortage of glucocorticoids and sometimes mineralocorticoid

Question 8

how is Addison’s Disease treated?

Answer 8

therapy of oral corticosteroids

Question 9

what are three stages to a stress response

Answer 9

1) alarm reaction
2) stage of resistance
3) stage of exhaustion

Question 10

initial response of stress response involving sympathetic nervous system activation, epinephrine, norepinephrine

Answer 10

alarm reaction

Question 11

after depletion of glycogen stores and renal secretes cortisol to raise blood sugar and help meet energy demands. stage of stress response

Answer 11

stage of resistance

Question 12

stage of stress response. After weeks or months, depletion the fat stores result in protein breakdown for energy leaving to weakening of the body and illness

Answer 12

stage of exhaustion

Question 13

in the pancreatic islets, islets of langerhans, alpha cells secrete?

Answer 13

glucagon

Question 14

in pancreatic islets the beta cells secrete?

Answer 14

beta cells secrete insulin

Question 15

_______ cells in the pancreas generate exocrine secretions for a digestion

Answer 15

acini cells- make up vast majority of pancreas

Question 16

what organ sits behind the stomach between the duodenum and the spleen?

Answer 16

the pancreas

Question 17

pancreatic hormones help maintain blood glucose normal range is between what and what milligram amount of glucose per deciliter

Answer 17

between 70 and 110 milligrams of glucose per deciliter

Question 18

high levels of__________ damaged blood vessels and kidneys

Answer 18

glucose

Question 19

low levels of glucose cause?

Answer 19

lethargy, mental and physical impairment, death

Question 20

after food intake, what cells detect rise in blood glucose and respond by secreting what hormone?

Answer 20

beta cells secreting insulin