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Bio 145 > Chapter 22 Deck 7 > Flashcards

Chapter 22 Deck 7 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

loss of pulmonarysurface area, inflate inflammation of air passageways, widespread destruction elastic connective tissue comma dilation and decreased total number of alveoli

A

emphysema

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2
Q

emphysema is generally caused by?

A

smoking

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3
Q

what is emphysema cause?

A
  1. irreversible loss of pulmonary gas exchange surface area
  2. inflammation of air passageways
  3. destruction of pulmonary elastic connective tissue
  4. dilation and decreased total number of a viola
  5. inability to expire effectively
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4
Q

what is the partial pressure of oxygen in systemic cells?

A

40 mmHg

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5
Q

what is the partial pressure of oxygen in systemic capillaries?

A

95 mmHg

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6
Q

oxygen continues Intel blood partial oxygen is?

A

40 mmHg

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7
Q

oxygen is delivered at the same rate as it is used in less engaging in?

A

strenuous activity

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8
Q

partial pressure of CO2 in systemic cells is?

A

45 mmHg

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9
Q

partial pressure of CO2 in systemic capillaries is?

A

40 mmHg

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10
Q

diffusion of CO2 continues until blood is?

A

45 mmHg

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11
Q

blood’s ability to transport oxygen depends on__________of oxygen this is very low so very little oxygen dissolved in plasma

A

solubility coefficient

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12
Q

about what percentage of oxygen in the blood is bound to hemoglobin?

A

98%

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13
Q

when hemoglobin is bound to oxygen is called?

A

oxyhemoglobin HbO2

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14
Q

when oxygen is not bound to hemoglobin hemoglobin is called?

A

deoxyhemoglobin HHb

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15
Q

what are the three means of Transport for CO2?

A
  1. 7% dissolved in plasma
  2. 23% attach to globin portion of hemoglobin
  3. 70%transported as bicarbonate dissolved in plasma
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16
Q

CO2 diffuses into erythrocyte and combines with ____________ to form h2co3

A

Carbonic anhydrase

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17
Q

h2co3 disassociates to form?

A

CO3- and H +

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18
Q

when CO3 diffuses into plasma ________ shift to keep erythrocyte electrically neutral

A

chloride

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19
Q

CO2 is regenerated when blood moves through ________________and the process is reversed

A

pulmonary capillaries

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20
Q

hemoglobin transports oxygen attached to?

A

iron

21
Q

hemoglobin transports carbon dioxide bound to?

A

the globin part of hemoglobin

22
Q

hydrogen ions are transported by hemoglobin bound to?

A

the globin part

23
Q

binding of one substance to hemoglobin globin causes a change in ________of the hemoglobin molecule

A

shape

24
Q

a change in shape to the hemoglobin molecule due to binding releasing of another substance influences hemoglobins ability to?

A

bind or release other substances

25
Q

what is the oxygen hemoglobin saturation curve?

A

each oxygen that binds causes a change in hemoglobin making it easier for the next oxygen to bind until each hemoglobin s Bound for o2 molecules

26
Q

________ binding effect: HO2 that binds causes a change in hemoglobin make me an easier for the next 02 to bind

A

Cooperative binding effect

27
Q

what is the shape of the oxygen hemoglobin saturation curve

A

ass shaped, nonlinear relationship

28
Q

the oxygen hemoglobin saturation curve is initially steep because ________increases of po2 at lower partial pressures create _______changes in saturation

A

small increases

large changes in saturation

29
Q

when the partial pressure pressure of o2 reaches 60 mm Hg only ______ changes in saturation occur

A

small

30
Q

90% of oxygen saturation is reached at _____ mmHg

A

60 mmHg

31
Q

what does elevated temperature do two hemoglobins ability to hold onto oxygen?

A

diminishes hemoglobins hold on oxygen

32
Q

the _____ effect: hydrogen ions bind to hemoglobin and cause a conformational change, this causes decreased affinity for O2 and after gen release

A

the Bohr effect

33
Q

as more H+ binds to hemoglobin how does this fact release

A

decreased oxygen release and decreased affinity for oxygen

the Bohr effect

34
Q

how does 2,3 BPG 02 release from hemoglobin?

A

when these molecules bind to human woman may cause release of additional oxygen under low oxygen conditions

certain hormones stimulate erythrocytes to produce two, three-BPG

35
Q

what hormones stimulate erythrocytes to produce 2,3-BPG ?

A

thyroid, epinephrine, growth hormone, testosterone

36
Q

binding of CO2 causes release of more ______from hemoglobin

A

oxygen

37
Q

________ effect : release of oxygen causes conformational change in hemoglobin, conformational change increases the amount of carbon dioxide that can bind

A

haldane effect

38
Q

greater loss of CO2 from blood caused by hyperventilation is called?

A

hypocapnia

39
Q

loss of CO2 from the blood called hypocapnia will decrease oxygen delivery to the________ because of_______

A

to the brain because of vasoconstriction

40
Q

______________ may cause fainting dizziness numbing tingling cramps and tetany if prolonged can cause disorientation loss of consciousness, and possibly death

A

hyperventilation

41
Q

hyperventilation caused by anxiety ascending to high altitude or voluntarily causes _______levels to increase in the alveoli and _______ levels to decrease in the alveoli

A

oxygen levels increase

CO2 decreases

42
Q

__________: breathing too slowly

A

hypoventilation

43
Q

hypoventilation: breathing too slow (______) or breathing too shallow (_________)

A

too slow bradypnea

too shallow hypopnea

44
Q

causes of ___________ included Airway obstruction pneumonia brain stem injury and other respiratory conditions

A

hypoventilation

45
Q

during hypoventilation levels of what go down and levels of what go up in the alveoli?

A

levels of oxygen go down, levels of CO2 go up

46
Q

hypoxemia refers too a blood decrease in ________ can lead to low ________ in tissues called ________

A

oxygen oxygen

hypoxia

47
Q

blood CO2 increases during hypoventilation called ________

A

hypercapnia

48
Q

respiratory acidosis can result from?

A

hypoventilation- due to hydrogen ion concentration too high do to blood CO2 from hypercapnia

49
Q

__________: may cause lethargy, sleeplessness, headache, polycythemia, cyanotic tissues, convulsions, loss of consciousness, death

A

hypoventilation

Bio 145 (24 decks)

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