Chapter 22 Deck 7

Question 1

loss of pulmonarysurface area, inflate inflammation of air passageways, widespread destruction elastic connective tissue comma dilation and decreased total number of alveoli

Answer 1

emphysema

Question 2

emphysema is generally caused by?

Answer 2

smoking

Question 3

what is emphysema cause?

Answer 3

1. irreversible loss of pulmonary gas exchange surface area
2. inflammation of air passageways
3. destruction of pulmonary elastic connective tissue
4. dilation and decreased total number of a viola
5. inability to expire effectively

Question 4

what is the partial pressure of oxygen in systemic cells?

Answer 4

40 mmHg

Question 5

what is the partial pressure of oxygen in systemic capillaries?

Answer 5

95 mmHg

Question 6

oxygen continues Intel blood partial oxygen is?

Answer 6

40 mmHg

Question 7

oxygen is delivered at the same rate as it is used in less engaging in?

Answer 7

strenuous activity

Question 8

partial pressure of CO2 in systemic cells is?

Answer 8

45 mmHg

Question 9

partial pressure of CO2 in systemic capillaries is?

Answer 9

40 mmHg

Question 10

diffusion of CO2 continues until blood is?

Answer 10

45 mmHg

Question 11

blood’s ability to transport oxygen depends on__________of oxygen this is very low so very little oxygen dissolved in plasma

Answer 11

solubility coefficient

Question 12

about what percentage of oxygen in the blood is bound to hemoglobin?

Answer 12

98%

Question 13

when hemoglobin is bound to oxygen is called?

Answer 13

oxyhemoglobin HbO2

Question 14

when oxygen is not bound to hemoglobin hemoglobin is called?

Answer 14

deoxyhemoglobin HHb

Question 15

what are the three means of Transport for CO2?

Answer 15

1. 7% dissolved in plasma
2. 23% attach to globin portion of hemoglobin
3. 70%transported as bicarbonate dissolved in plasma

Question 16

CO2 diffuses into erythrocyte and combines with ____________ to form h2co3

Answer 16

Carbonic anhydrase

Question 17

h2co3 disassociates to form?

Answer 17

CO3- and H +

Question 18

when CO3 diffuses into plasma ________ shift to keep erythrocyte electrically neutral

Answer 18

chloride

Question 19

CO2 is regenerated when blood moves through ________________and the process is reversed

Answer 19

pulmonary capillaries

Question 20

hemoglobin transports oxygen attached to?

Answer 20

iron

Question 21

hemoglobin transports carbon dioxide bound to?

Answer 21

the globin part of hemoglobin

Question 22

hydrogen ions are transported by hemoglobin bound to?

Answer 22

the globin part

Question 23

binding of one substance to hemoglobin globin causes a change in ________of the hemoglobin molecule

Answer 23

shape

Question 24

a change in shape to the hemoglobin molecule due to binding releasing of another substance influences hemoglobins ability to?

Answer 24

bind or release other substances

Question 25

what is the oxygen hemoglobin saturation curve?

Answer 25

each oxygen that binds causes a change in hemoglobin making it easier for the next oxygen to bind until each hemoglobin s Bound for o2 molecules

Question 26

________ binding effect: HO2 that binds causes a change in hemoglobin make me an easier for the next 02 to bind

Answer 26

Cooperative binding effect

Question 27

what is the shape of the oxygen hemoglobin saturation curve

Answer 27

ass shaped, nonlinear relationship

Question 28

the oxygen hemoglobin saturation curve is initially steep because ________increases of po2 at lower partial pressures create _______changes in saturation

Answer 28

small increases large changes in saturation

Question 29

when the partial pressure pressure of o2 reaches 60 mm Hg only ______ changes in saturation occur

Answer 29

small

Question 30

90% of oxygen saturation is reached at _____ mmHg

Answer 30

60 mmHg

Question 31

what does elevated temperature do two hemoglobins ability to hold onto oxygen?

Answer 31

diminishes hemoglobins hold on oxygen

Question 32

the _____ effect: hydrogen ions bind to hemoglobin and cause a conformational change, this causes decreased affinity for O2 and after gen release

Answer 32

the Bohr effect

Question 33

as more H+ binds to hemoglobin how does this fact release

Answer 33

decreased oxygen release and decreased affinity for oxygen the Bohr effect

Question 34

how does 2,3 BPG 02 release from hemoglobin?

Answer 34

when these molecules bind to human woman may cause release of additional oxygen under low oxygen conditions certain hormones stimulate erythrocytes to produce two, three-BPG

Question 35

what hormones stimulate erythrocytes to produce 2,3-BPG ?

Answer 35

thyroid, epinephrine, growth hormone, testosterone

Question 36

binding of CO2 causes release of more ______from hemoglobin

Answer 36

oxygen

Question 37

________ effect : release of oxygen causes conformational change in hemoglobin, conformational change increases the amount of carbon dioxide that can bind

Answer 37

haldane effect

Question 38

greater loss of CO2 from blood caused by hyperventilation is called?

Answer 38

hypocapnia

Question 39

loss of CO2 from the blood called hypocapnia will decrease oxygen delivery to the________ because of_______

Answer 39

to the brain because of vasoconstriction

Question 40

______________ may cause fainting dizziness numbing tingling cramps and tetany if prolonged can cause disorientation loss of consciousness, and possibly death

Answer 40

hyperventilation

Question 41

hyperventilation caused by anxiety ascending to high altitude or voluntarily causes _______levels to increase in the alveoli and _______ levels to decrease in the alveoli

Answer 41

oxygen levels increase CO2 decreases

Question 42

__________: breathing too slowly

Answer 42

hypoventilation

Question 43

hypoventilation: breathing too slow (______) or breathing too shallow (_________)

Answer 43

too slow bradypnea too shallow hypopnea

Question 44

causes of ___________ included Airway obstruction pneumonia brain stem injury and other respiratory conditions

Answer 44

hypoventilation

Question 45

during hypoventilation levels of what go down and levels of what go up in the alveoli?

Answer 45

levels of oxygen go down, levels of CO2 go up

Question 46

hypoxemia refers too a blood decrease in ________ can lead to low ________ in tissues called ________

Answer 46

oxygen oxygen hypoxia

Question 47

blood CO2 increases during hypoventilation called ________

Answer 47

hypercapnia

Question 48

respiratory acidosis can result from?

Answer 48

hypoventilation- due to hydrogen ion concentration too high do to blood CO2 from hypercapnia

Question 49

__________: may cause lethargy, sleeplessness, headache, polycythemia, cyanotic tissues, convulsions, loss of consciousness, death

Answer 49

hypoventilation