Chapter 20 Slides 38+

Question 1

________ _______ picks up excess fluid not reabsorbed at the capillary, filters fluid and returns it to venous circulation

Answer 1

lymphatic system

Question 2

local blood flow is dependent upon what four variables?

Answer 2

1) degree of tissue vascularity
2) myogenic response
3) local regulatory factors altering blood flow
4) total blood flow

Question 3

extent of vessels in tissue

Answer 3

vascularity degree of vascular ization

Question 4

metabolically active tissues have high_________

Answer 4

vascularity

Question 5

areas that have a high degree of vascularization

Answer 5

brain, skeletal muscle, heart, liver,

Question 6

structures that have little vascularity or are avascular?

Answer 6

tendons, ligaments, epithelia, cartilage, cornea, lens of eye

Question 7

_______ _______: smooth muscle in blood vessel wall keeps local flow relatively constant

Answer 7

myogenic response

Question 8

if systemic blood pressure Rises the arterial will stretch, due to myogenic response smooth muscle of arterial wall or respond by?

Answer 8

contracting

contractional return local flow to original levels

Question 9

if systemic blood pressure decreases and the amount of blood decreases there will be less stretch, in response to decreased stretch due to myogenic response smooth muscle will?

Answer 9

relaxes, relaxation will return local blood flow to original levels

Question 10

vasoactive chemicals alter?

Answer 10

blood flow

Question 11

___________ dilate arterioles and relax precapillary sphincters, increase flow into capillary beds.

Answer 11

vasodilators

Question 12

_________ constrict arterioles and cause contraction of precapillary sphincters decreasing flow into capillary beds

Answer 12

vasoconstrictors

Question 13

___________ and changing metabolic activity: process by which tissue controls local blood flow. when tissue activity increases, stimuli signal inadequate perfusion

Answer 13

autoregulation

Question 14

oxygen and nutrient decline, and carbon dioxide, lactic acid, hydrogen and potassium increase will stimulate ____________ through autoregulation

Answer 14

vasodilators

Question 15

in autoregulation as perfusion increases vessels ___________ in response

Answer 15

constrict, negative feedback

Question 16

autoregulation in changing metabolic activity.___________ increase in blood flow after it is temporarily disrupted.functioning to restore required oxygen nutrients and eliminate waste

Answer 16

reactive hyperemia

Question 17

in autoregulation the term reactive hyperemia refers to an increase in blood flow after?

Answer 17

blood flow is temporarily disrupted

additional blood is required to resupply oxygen nutrients and eliminate wastes

Question 18

the increase in blood flow after entering a warm room filing being cold is an example of?

Answer 18

reactive hyperemia

Question 19

during _________ damaged tissue, leukocytes and platelets release and vasoactive chemicals

Answer 19

inflammation

Question 20

what are three vasodilators associated with inflammation?

Answer 20

histamine, Bradykinin, nitric oxide

Question 21

what are two vasoconstrictor associated with tissue damage

Answer 21

prostaglandins and thromboxanes

Question 22

prostaglandins and thromboxanes help prevent?

Answer 22

blood loss through vasoconstriction.

local regulatory factors

Question 23

chemicals that are released in response to trauma allergy infection and exercise?

Answer 23

histamine
Bradykinin
nitric oxide

Question 24

what is total blood flow?

Answer 24

amount of blood transported through all blood vessels per unit time

about 5.25 L/ min equal to cardiac output

Question 25

regulation of total blood flow depends on both?

Answer 25

heart and vessels

blood pressure and resistance

Question 26

change in blood pressure from one end of vessel to other?

Answer 26

blood pressure gradient

Question 27

blood pressure is highest in__________ and lowest in ______

Answer 27

arteries

lowest in veins

Question 28

__________ pressure occurs when ventricle contracts. recorded as top number of BP ratio

Answer 28

systolic

Question 29

__________ pressure occurs when ventricle relaxes. recorded as the lower number of blood pressure ratio.

Answer 29

diastolic pressure

Question 30

__________ _____: pressure in arteries added by heart contraction

Answer 30

pulse pressure

Question 31

how do you calculate pulse pressure?

Answer 31

the difference between systolic and diastolic pressure

Question 32

_________ pressure reflects the elasticity and recoiled of arteries

Answer 32

pulse pressure

Question 33

_________ pressure allows for palpation of thriving pulse in elastic arteries

Answer 33

pulse pressure

Question 34

if BP is 120/80 what is the pulse pressure?

Answer 34

40

Question 35

a place where am arteries may be compressed against a solid structure to measure heart beat

Answer 35

pulse point

common carotid, radial, femoral, dorsalis pedis, and others

Question 36

what is mean arterial pressure?

Answer 36

average arterial pressure access entire cardiac cycle

Question 37

diastolic pressure + 1/3 pulse pressure =

Answer 37

MAP mean arterial pressure

Question 38

MAP under 60 may indicate?

Answer 38

insufficient blood flow

Question 39

pressure no longer fluctuates between systolic and diastolic when it reaches the?

Answer 39

capillaries

Question 40

________ BP is low and not pulsatile

Answer 40

venous

Question 41

venous return of blood to the heart depends on what three things?

Answer 41

pressure gradient, skeletal muscle pump, respiratory pump

Question 42

blood is returned to the heart more rapidly during exersize and pools.jn leg veins during prolonged inactivity. _______ _______ _____ assists in venous return

Answer 42

skeletal muscle pump