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Bio 145 > Chapter 20 Slides 62+ > Flashcards

Chapter 20 Slides 62+ Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is the relationship between vessel radius and resistance?

A

smaller radius create more resistance. has to have it or increases resistance decreases and flow increases.

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2
Q

_________ radius usually regulates resistance comma controlled by sympathetic division of autonomic nervous system.

A

arteriole

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3
Q

small changes in arteriole diameter cause _______ changes in total resistance

A

large

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4
Q

amount of blood moving through system per unit time is?

A

total blood flow

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5
Q

total blood flow is proportional two pressure gradient divided by?

A

resistance

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6
Q

as gradient increases, total blood flow_________

A

increases

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7
Q

as resistance increases, total blood flow_______

A

decreases

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8
Q

_________ ________ depends upon cardiac output, resistance, blood volume

A

blood pressure

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9
Q

what are three things that blood pressure depends upon?

A

1) cardiac output
2) resistence
3) blood volume

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10
Q

_________ ______is the main way assistance is regulated in blood vessels

A

changing radius, vasodilation and vasoconstriction. controlled by sympathetic division of ANS

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11
Q

amount of blood moving through the system per unit time is?

A

total blood flow

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12
Q

flow is proportional to change in pressure divided by?

A

divided by resistance

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13
Q

__________ ________ regulate blood pressure short -term

A

autonomic reflexes

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14
Q

__________ _______ quickly adjust cardiac output, resistance, or both. Meat momentary pressure needs

A

autonomic reflexes

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15
Q

Cardiovascular Center of medulla oblongata contains two autonomic nuclei which are?

A

cardiac center and vasomotor Center

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16
Q

___________within the Cardiovascular Center influences blood pressure by influencing cardiac output

A

cardiac center

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17
Q

_________ within the Cardiovascular Center influences blood pressure by influencing vessel diameter

A

vasomotor Center

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18
Q

what two nuclei does the cardiac center have?

A

cardioacceleratory center and cardioinhibitory center

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19
Q

____________ _______ is origin of sympathetic Pathways that extend to the sinoatrial node in myocardium. activity increases heart rate and force of contraction. rise in BP and CO

A

cardioacceleratory center

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20
Q

___________ _______ what is the origin of parasympathetic Pathways that extend to the sa and AV nodes. Activity decreases heart rate and slows conduction of electrical signals.

A

cardio inhibitory Center

decrease in CO and BP

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21
Q

___________ _______ is the origin of sympathetic Pathways that extend to blood vessels where they release norepinephrine and activate Adrenal medulla

A

vasomotor Center

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22
Q

the vasomotor center stimulates more blood vessels to ________ then to ________

A

constrict and dilate

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23
Q

sympathetic activation by the vasomotor center and adrenal secretion increase _________ ________ and raise ______ ______

A

increased peripheral resistance and blood pressure

24
Q

how is blood flow redistributed by the vasomotor center?

A

blood is directed to skeletal muscles and heart, last Blood to most other structures

25
Q

as a result of vasoconstriction of veins blood shifts away from ______ _______

A

Venus reservoirs

26
Q

__________: nerve endings that respond to a stretch of vessel wall, firing of these nerves changes with blood pressure changes.

A

baroreceptors

27
Q

_________ _____ baroreceptors, important in regulating systemic blood pressure

A

aortic Arch baroreceptors

28
Q

autonomic reflexes for blood pressure are ____________ ________ initiated by decrease or increase in blood pressure

A

baroreceptor reflexes

29
Q

cardioacceratory center stimulus sympathetic Pathways to increase CO2, cardioinhibitory center minimizes parasympathetic activity. vasomotor- vasoconstriction in response to?

A

decrease in blood pressure

30
Q

in response to an increase in blood pressure autonomic reflexes will?

A

increase firing rate stretch increases

31
Q

if blood pressure increases cardiac respect Center responds by?

A

cardioacceleratory center decrease sympathetic signal

cardioinhibitory center increase parasympathetic signal to SA and AV nodes

32
Q

in response to increases in blood pressure the vasomotor center well?

A

decrease sympathetic signals to blood vessels

33
Q

in response to pressure decrease vasomotor Center well?

A

stimulates sympathetic Pathways to release norepinephrine and adrenal to release epinephrine and norepinephrine.

34
Q

most blood vessels have alpha 1 receptors how are these receptors affected buy epinephrine and norepinephrine?

A

vasoconstriction

35
Q

blood vessels that have beta-2 receptors will respond in what way to epinephrine and norepinephrine?

A

blood vessels with beta 2 receptors well dial 8 in response to norepinephrine and epinephrine

36
Q

the cardioacceleratory center increases heart rate and force of contraction by?

A

stimulation of sympathetic Pathways that extend to the SA node

37
Q

this division of the cardiac center only stimulates the SA node not the na node

A

cardioacceleratory center

38
Q

the cardio inhibitory Center slows conduction of action potentials lowering blood pressure and cardiac output by?

A

sending parasympathetic action potentials to the sa and AV nodes

39
Q

blood pressure is dependent on what three things?

A

cardiac output
resistance
blood volume

40
Q

main peripheral chemoreceptors are located in?

A

aortic and carotid bodies

41
Q

what chemoreceptor is found at the bifurcation of the common carotid?

A

carotid body chemoreceptor

42
Q

what chemoreceptor is found in the aortic Arch?

A

aortic body chemoreceptor

43
Q

chemoreceptors in a Artic bodies and carotid bodies send information to?

A

Cardiovascular Center

44
Q

three things that stimulate chemoreceptors?

A

1) high co2
2) low Ph
3) very low O2

45
Q

stimulation of chemoreceptors will affect the vasomotor center intern increasing sympathetic pathway signals to the vessels. ultimately this will allow for?

A

increased gas exchange in the lungs

46
Q

what are higher brain Center neural Regulators of blood pressure?

A

hypothalamus and limbic system

relay information to Cardiovascular Center

47
Q

the hypothalamus will increase cardiac output and cardiac resistance as a result of?

A

temperature change or fight or flight response

48
Q

the limbic system will alter blood pressure in response to?

A

emotions are memories

49
Q

the Cardiovascular Center will relay parasympathetic information to the heart via the ________ nerve

A

vagus nerve

50
Q

Angiotensin II, antidiuretic hormone, aldosterone, atrial natriuretic peptide all influence blood pressure by?

A

resistance, blood volume, or both

51
Q

Angiotensin II increases blood pressure by?

A

causing vasoconstriction
stimulating thirst Center
decreasing urine formation

52
Q

Angiotensinogen is released into the blood from?

A

the liver

53
Q

angiotensinogen is converted to Angiotensin 1 by _______ which is released by the_______

A

renin which is released by the kidneys in response to low BP or sympathetic nerve activity

54
Q

Angiotensin converting enzyme is found?

A

anchored to internal walls in capillaries particularly in the lungs

55
Q

Angiotensin converting enzyme converts what into what?

A

Angiotensin 1 to Angiotensin 2

Bio 145 (24 decks)

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