Chapter 20 Slides 62+

Question 1

what is the relationship between vessel radius and resistance?

Answer 1

smaller radius create more resistance. has to have it or increases resistance decreases and flow increases.

Question 2

_________ radius usually regulates resistance comma controlled by sympathetic division of autonomic nervous system.

Answer 2

arteriole

Question 3

small changes in arteriole diameter cause _______ changes in total resistance

Answer 3

large

Question 4

amount of blood moving through system per unit time is?

Answer 4

total blood flow

Question 5

total blood flow is proportional two pressure gradient divided by?

Answer 5

resistance

Question 6

as gradient increases, total blood flow_________

Answer 6

increases

Question 7

as resistance increases, total blood flow_______

Answer 7

decreases

Question 8

_________ ________ depends upon cardiac output, resistance, blood volume

Answer 8

blood pressure

Question 9

what are three things that blood pressure depends upon?

Answer 9

1) cardiac output
2) resistence
3) blood volume

Question 10

_________ ______is the main way assistance is regulated in blood vessels

Answer 10

changing radius, vasodilation and vasoconstriction. controlled by sympathetic division of ANS

Question 11

amount of blood moving through the system per unit time is?

Answer 11

total blood flow

Question 12

flow is proportional to change in pressure divided by?

Answer 12

divided by resistance

Question 13

__________ ________ regulate blood pressure short -term

Answer 13

autonomic reflexes

Question 14

__________ _______ quickly adjust cardiac output, resistance, or both. Meat momentary pressure needs

Answer 14

autonomic reflexes

Question 15

Cardiovascular Center of medulla oblongata contains two autonomic nuclei which are?

Answer 15

cardiac center and vasomotor Center

Question 16

___________within the Cardiovascular Center influences blood pressure by influencing cardiac output

Answer 16

cardiac center

Question 17

_________ within the Cardiovascular Center influences blood pressure by influencing vessel diameter

Answer 17

vasomotor Center

Question 18

what two nuclei does the cardiac center have?

Answer 18

cardioacceleratory center and cardioinhibitory center

Question 19

____________ _______ is origin of sympathetic Pathways that extend to the sinoatrial node in myocardium. activity increases heart rate and force of contraction. rise in BP and CO

Answer 19

cardioacceleratory center

Question 20

___________ _______ what is the origin of parasympathetic Pathways that extend to the sa and AV nodes. Activity decreases heart rate and slows conduction of electrical signals.

Answer 20

cardio inhibitory Center

decrease in CO and BP

Question 21

___________ _______ is the origin of sympathetic Pathways that extend to blood vessels where they release norepinephrine and activate Adrenal medulla

Answer 21

vasomotor Center

Question 22

the vasomotor center stimulates more blood vessels to ________ then to ________

Answer 22

constrict and dilate

Question 23

sympathetic activation by the vasomotor center and adrenal secretion increase _________ ________ and raise ______ ______

Answer 23

increased peripheral resistance and blood pressure

Question 24

how is blood flow redistributed by the vasomotor center?

Answer 24

blood is directed to skeletal muscles and heart, last Blood to most other structures

Question 25

as a result of vasoconstriction of veins blood shifts away from ______ _______

Answer 25

Venus reservoirs

Question 26

__________: nerve endings that respond to a stretch of vessel wall, firing of these nerves changes with blood pressure changes.

Answer 26

baroreceptors

Question 27

_________ _____ baroreceptors, important in regulating systemic blood pressure

Answer 27

aortic Arch baroreceptors

Question 28

autonomic reflexes for blood pressure are ____________ ________ initiated by decrease or increase in blood pressure

Answer 28

baroreceptor reflexes

Question 29

cardioacceratory center stimulus sympathetic Pathways to increase CO2, cardioinhibitory center minimizes parasympathetic activity. vasomotor- vasoconstriction in response to?

Answer 29

decrease in blood pressure

Question 30

in response to an increase in blood pressure autonomic reflexes will?

Answer 30

increase firing rate stretch increases

Question 31

if blood pressure increases cardiac respect Center responds by?

Answer 31

cardioacceleratory center decrease sympathetic signal cardioinhibitory center increase parasympathetic signal to SA and AV nodes

Question 32

in response to increases in blood pressure the vasomotor center well?

Answer 32

decrease sympathetic signals to blood vessels

Question 33

in response to pressure decrease vasomotor Center well?

Answer 33

stimulates sympathetic Pathways to release norepinephrine and adrenal to release epinephrine and norepinephrine.

Question 34

most blood vessels have alpha 1 receptors how are these receptors affected buy epinephrine and norepinephrine?

Answer 34

vasoconstriction

Question 35

blood vessels that have beta-2 receptors will respond in what way to epinephrine and norepinephrine?

Answer 35

blood vessels with beta 2 receptors well dial 8 in response to norepinephrine and epinephrine

Question 36

the cardioacceleratory center increases heart rate and force of contraction by?

Answer 36

stimulation of sympathetic Pathways that extend to the SA node

Question 37

this division of the cardiac center only stimulates the SA node not the na node

Answer 37

cardioacceleratory center

Question 38

the cardio inhibitory Center slows conduction of action potentials lowering blood pressure and cardiac output by?

Answer 38

sending parasympathetic action potentials to the sa and AV nodes

Question 39

blood pressure is dependent on what three things?

Answer 39

cardiac output resistance blood volume

Question 40

main peripheral chemoreceptors are located in?

Answer 40

aortic and carotid bodies

Question 41

what chemoreceptor is found at the bifurcation of the common carotid?

Answer 41

carotid body chemoreceptor

Question 42

what chemoreceptor is found in the aortic Arch?

Answer 42

aortic body chemoreceptor

Question 43

chemoreceptors in a Artic bodies and carotid bodies send information to?

Answer 43

Cardiovascular Center

Question 44

three things that stimulate chemoreceptors?

Answer 44

1) high co2 2) low Ph 3) very low O2

Question 45

stimulation of chemoreceptors will affect the vasomotor center intern increasing sympathetic pathway signals to the vessels. ultimately this will allow for?

Answer 45

increased gas exchange in the lungs

Question 46

what are higher brain Center neural Regulators of blood pressure?

Answer 46

hypothalamus and limbic system relay information to Cardiovascular Center

Question 47

the hypothalamus will increase cardiac output and cardiac resistance as a result of?

Answer 47

temperature change or fight or flight response

Question 48

the limbic system will alter blood pressure in response to?

Answer 48

emotions are memories

Question 49

the Cardiovascular Center will relay parasympathetic information to the heart via the ________ nerve

Answer 49

vagus nerve

Question 50

Angiotensin II, antidiuretic hormone, aldosterone, atrial natriuretic peptide all influence blood pressure by?

Answer 50

resistance, blood volume, or both

Question 51

Angiotensin II increases blood pressure by?

Answer 51

causing vasoconstriction stimulating thirst Center decreasing urine formation

Question 52

Angiotensinogen is released into the blood from?

Answer 52

the liver

Question 53

angiotensinogen is converted to Angiotensin 1 by _______ which is released by the_______

Answer 53

renin which is released by the kidneys in response to low BP or sympathetic nerve activity

Question 54

Angiotensin converting enzyme is found?

Answer 54

anchored to internal walls in capillaries particularly in the lungs

Question 55

Angiotensin converting enzyme converts what into what?

Answer 55

Angiotensin 1 to Angiotensin 2