Heart Failure Flashcards
When is ejection fraction classed as impaired
If <35-40%
What causes HF with diastolic dysfunction
HOCM, restrictive cardiomyopathy, cardiac tamponade, constrictive pericarditis
Features HF with diastolic dysfunction
Usually preserved EF
There is impaired ventricular filling
What causes HF with systolic dysfunction
Ischaemic heart disease, dilated cardiomyopathy, myocarditis, arrhythmias
Features of HF with systolic dysfunction
Usually reduced EF
Impaired myocardial contraction during systole
Symptoms of left heart failure
Pulmonary oedema, dyspnoea, orthpnoea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea, bibasal fine crackles
Symptoms of right heart failure
Peripheral oedema, raised JVP, hepatomegaly, weight gain, anorexia
Causes of left heart failure
Increased LV afterload - arterial HTN, aortic stenosis.
Increased LV preload - aortic regurgitation resulting in backflow to LV
Causes of right heart failure
Increased RV afterload - pulmonary HTN.
Increased RV preload - tricuspid regurgitation
Causes of high output heart failure
Anaemia, AV malformations, Paget’s disease, pregnancy, thyrotoxicosis, thaimine deficiency
What is high-output heart failure
When the normal heart is unable to pump enough blood to meet the metabolic demands of the body
What is acute heart failure
Sudden onset or worsening of the symptoms of heart failure. Can be present with or without pre-existing HF. Most likely decompensated heart failure
Precipitating causes of acute heart failure
ACS, hypertensive crises, acute arrhytmia, valve disease
What is De-Novo heart failure
Causes by increased cardiac filling pressures and myocardial dysfunction usually as a result of ischaemia. Reduced cardiac output and hypoperfusion
How is chronic HF diagnosed
First line test is NT-proBNP blood test
