COPD exacerbation Flashcards

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1
Q

Common causes of bacterial exacerbations

A

H.influenzae
Strep pneumoniae
Moraxella catarrhalis

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2
Q

Common causes of viral exacerbations

A

30%, human rhinovirus is most common

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3
Q

Features of exacerbation

A

Increase dypnoea, cough, wheeze, increase in sputum, hypoxic, acute confusion

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4
Q

When should patients be admitted with COPD

A

Severe breathlessness, acute confusion or impaired consciousness, cyanosis, O2 sats <90, social reasons, significant co-morbidity

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5
Q

What oxygen therapy should be started

A

28% venturi mask at 4L/min and aim for 88-92%

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6
Q

Pharmacological agents used in exacerbations of COPD

A

Nebulised bronchodilator with salbutamol and ipatropium. IV hydrocortisone or oral prednisolone.

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7
Q

When can IV theophylline be used

A

Considered when patients are not responding to nebulised bronchodilators

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8
Q

What to do when type 2 respiratory failure develops

A

Non invasive ventilation such as BiPaP - Expiratory and inspiratory positive airway pressure initial settings

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