AKI

Question 1

Examples of pre-renal causes of AKI

Answer 1

Renal artery stenosis, hypovolaemia secondary to burns, diarrhoea, vomiting

Question 2

Examples of intrinsic causes of AKI

Answer 2

Glomerulonephritis, ATN, AIN, rhabdomyolysis, tumour lysis syndrome - toxins or immune mediated

Question 3

Examples of post renal causes of AKI

Answer 3

Kidney stone, BPH, external compression of ureter

Question 4

Risk factors for AKI

Answer 4

CKD, organ failure, AKI history, use of nephrotoxic drugs, use of contrast agents, over 65 years, neurological impairment

Question 5

Diagnosis of AKI

Answer 5

Rise in serum creatinine of 26mmol/l or more within 48 hours.
50% rise in serum creatinine or presumed to have occured in past 7 days.
Fall in urine output to less than 0.5ml/kg/hr for more than 6 hours

Question 6

Medications which should be stopped in AKI

Answer 6

NSAIDs, aminoglycosides, ACEI, ARBs, diuretics

Question 7

Treatment to stabilise cardiac membrane

Answer 7

IV calcium gluconate

Question 8

Treatment of hyperkalaemia

Answer 8

IV calcium gluconate, combined insulin/dextrose infusion, nebulised salbutamol, calcium resonium, loop diuretics, dialysis