Health Behavior and personality 💘 Flashcards
What is health behaviour
Health behaviour is related to the health status of the individual
Attribution theory
The perceiver uses information to arrive at causal explanations for events
‘Naive psychologist’
Locus control
People differ to the degree in which they control their lives
Internal vs external: from within themselves vs forces outside eg luck
Behavioural control: ability to take concrete action to reduce something
Cognitive control: ability to use thought processes or strategies to modify impact of something
Self efficacy
The belief that we can succeed in an activity that we want to do
Role models and mastery through practice can impact
Health belief model
People more likely to adhere when they view their physical problem as severe and to have further negative effects if they don’t adhere See treatment as effective See few barriers Few rewards for sailing to adhere Environmental cue Believe they can change
Theory of planned behaviour
Massive interplay between attitude and social norms and how we perceive behavior control
Transthoretical model
Move through different stages when changing behavior
Involves u balance self efficacy and process of change and temptation
Psychodynamic personality theory
Based on unconscious internal conflicts associated with childhood experience and oleaseure seeking impulses and social restraints and demands
Freuds three levels of awareness
Conscious mind
Preconscious mind
Unconscious mind
Linked to freud theories
Freud’s three types of personality
The id (unconscious, primitive thinking driven by biological urge eg hunger and life and death instinct) The ego (conscious processing eg decision making) The superego (partly conscious internalised rules of society and family and conscience)
Humanistic theory
Focuses on human experience and free will
Carl Rogers and maslon
Carl Rogers concepts
We need positive regard and approval from others so we change our behaviour to obtain it
Trust our feelings
However it ignores biology and is western
Maslon concepts and hierarchy of needs
Self actualisation is realising personal potential and linked to morality and creativity
Hierarchy from bottom to top: physiological(food sleep), safety ,love ,esteem and self actualisation
Trait theories
Identifying the most basic enduring dimensions which is traits
Started with jung- introverts vs extroverts
Eysenck and catell
Eysencks three factor theory
Introverts vs extroverts
Emotional stability vs neuroticism (more emotional )
Impulse control vs psychoticism
Catells 16 personality factors
Uses three sources of data
L data (life record data eg school grade
Q data the questionnaire (16 personality
T data (data from objective tests designed to tap into a personality construct)
Social cognitive theory
Based on interrelationship of individual and others and environment)
Influenced by social learning theory and classical and operational conditioning etc
Retter
Retters theory of locus of control
Internal (you controlling destiny) and external ( luck fate or others controlling your destiny)
Defence mechanisms for personality
Repression
Projection (doing bad impulses to other
Denial
Reaction formation (expressing opposite of ideas)
Displacement
Sublimation (channeling impulses to good outlets)
Regression (anxiety reducing behaviour)
Types of personality disorders
Cluster a (odd or eccentric)(paranoid schizoid antisocial) Cluster b (dramatic emotional) (impulsive, borderline, narcissistic) Cluster c (anxious and fearful)(avoidant dependant ocd)
List the types of attachment
Secure
Insecure avoidant
Insecure ambivalent
Disorganised
Secure attachment
Shows distress but able to compose themselves
Feels protected
Cater responds appropriately and provides secure base
Insecure avoidant
Independent of caregiver emotionally and physically
Doesn’t seem caregiver when distressed
Caregiver unresponsive or rejecting
Insecure ambivalent
Micuite of seeking and resistance to contact Angry No feeling of security Difficult to soothe Clingy in Novel environment Inconsistent responsiveness by caregiver
Disorganised
Odd andcontradictory behaviour
Unable to find comfort but seek it but fear proximity with caregiver
Freezing
History of maltreatment/ frightening care
Strange situation procedure
Ages 1-2 Child and mother engage Stranger enters and engages with them Mother leaves Returns and does minimum interaction Child left alone Stranger returns Mother returns
Story stem attachment profile
4-7 years
Children respond to set of 13 narrative stories relating to everyday situations with a dilemma
Eg pig getting lost
Show me and tell me what happens next
Responses indicate expectation of family roles/bond
Recorded coded and reviewed
Child attachment interview
7-15+ years
19 questions requiring children to recall memories and describe attachment experiences and perceptions of caregiver
Eg what happens when mum gets cross with you and tells you off
Either secure dismissing preoccupied or disorganised
Insecure and disorganised attachment problems
Risk Factors for
Externalising behaviour eg hyperactivity (insecure but mainly disorganised)
Internalising behaviour eg social withdrawal or anxiety (insecure avoidant)
Two very rare disorders reactive attachment disorder and disinhibited social engagement disorder
Interventions for attachment NICE
Video interaction guidance
Parental sensitivity training
Home visiting programmes
Patent child psychological therapy
