Contraception 💘

Question 1

Examination

Answer 1

Medical history 
Drug history 
Family history 
Sexual history 
Check blood pressure and bmi
Check ukmec

Question 2

Fertility awareness method

Answer 2

Keeping track of menstrual cycle and only having sex when you’re not fertile

Question 3

Advantages of fam

Answer 3

No hormones
no alteration to menstrual cycle
helps with conception in the future
user dependent

Question 4

Disadvantages of fam

Answer 4

Less effective
No intercourse for 8-9 days per cycle requires motivation
no protection from STI‘s

Question 5

Lactational amenorrhea method

Answer 5

Breast-feeding being used as contraception you need to have no periods fully breast-feeding and less than 6/122 postpartum
works because of the increased prolactin which suppresses the release of GnRH from the hypothalamus which interrupts FSH and LH
98% effective

Question 6

Coitus interruptus

Answer 6

Withdrawal however pre ejaculate also contain sperm

is perfectly use it’s 96% affective typically used it’s 78% effective

Question 7

Combined hormonal contraception

Answer 7

Inhibits ovulation by acting on the hypothalamus pituitary ovarian axis to reduce LH and FSH
secondary effects include alterations to cervical mucus and endometrium

Question 8

Types of combined hornomnal

Answer 8

Pill
Patch (no patch week 4)
Vaginal ring (no ring week 4)

Question 9

Advantages of combined hormonal

Answer 9

Regulates menstruation reduces heavy bleeding and pain decreased risk of endometrial and ovarian cancer and colorectal cancer
improved acne and may help with pre-menstrual symptoms

Question 10

Disadvantages of combined hormonal

Answer 10

Doubled risk of thromboembolism increased risk of stroke and MI
small increased risk of breast cancer relies on user to take effectively
increased risk of cervical cancer

Question 11

Progesterone only contraception

Answer 11

Increase volume and viscosity of cervical mucus preventing Sperm penetration (12hr window for new)

Question 12

Advantages of progesterone only

Answer 12

Works quickly, easy to use, safe, 12 hour window, very safe, may help dysmenorrhea, no delay in return to fertility, can be used until the age of 55

Question 13

Disadvantages of progesterone only

Answer 13

Hormonal side effects

Irregular bleeding

Question 14

Injectable

Answer 14

Injected into the fatty tissue every 13 weeks, risk of pregnancy is 4 in 1000. Assessment of osteoporosis and cardiovascular risk is needed

Question 15

Advantages of injectable

Answer 15

Reduced bleeding
reduced endometriosis pain
LARC
less visits to the clinic

Question 16

Disadvantages of injection

Answer 16

Not possible to remove once given there’s a mean weight gain of 3 kg over two years, delay infertility return up to one year, small loss of bone mineral density, weak associations with breast cancer and cervical cancer

Question 17

Implant

Answer 17

Rod inserted into arm
Lasts for 3 years
1in 1000 risk of pregnancy

Question 18

Advantages of implant

Answer 18

Very safe, lasts three years, rapid return to fertility after removal, may help dysmenorrhea

Question 19

Disadvantages of implant

Answer 19

Irregular bleeding patterns, relies on health professionals to fit and removed. Risks of fitting include infection expulsion non insertion and nerve damage which is rare

Question 20

Ius

Answer 20

Coil fitted in reduced lining of uterus

Three types are mirena kyleena and jaydess

Question 21

Advantages of ius

Answer 21

LARC, fit and forget, reduction of bleeding and pain, five or three yrs , immediate return to fertility

Question 22

Disadvantages of ius

Answer 22

Risks with fitting such as infection, relies on health professionals to fit and remove

Question 23

Copper iud

Answer 23

Toxic to ovum and sperm

Can cause heavier and longer periods

Question 24

Diaphragm

Answer 24

Inserted with spermicide

Requires health professional to fit

Question 25

Male sterilization

Answer 25

Vasectomy which is snipping of the vas deferens additional contraception until sterilization confirmed can lead to late failure chronic pain and one in 2000 fail

Question 26

Female sterilization

Answer 26

Laparoscopy which is clipping of the fallopian tube‘s additional contraception for seven days. Risks include bowel perforation, bleeding, infection, ectopic pregnancy, post operation pain
1 in 200 fail

Question 27

Hysterodcopic sterilization

Answer 27

Placing a coil in the Fallopian tubes which makes scar tissue blocking the eggs
1 in 500 fail