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USA Term 2 > Gross 2 Neck and Head Region *Muscle attachments, Nerves, and Actions* > Flashcards

Gross 2 Neck and Head Region *Muscle attachments, Nerves, and Actions* Flashcards

1
Q

What are the attachments of Platysma?

A

Superior/Medial: Inferior border of mandible, skin, and subcutaneous tissues of lower face

Inferior/Lateral: Fascia covering superior parts of pectoralis major and deltoid muscles.

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2
Q

What nerve innervates the Platysma?

A

CN VII

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3
Q

What are the actions of Platysma?

A

Draws corners of mouth inferiorly and widens it as in expressions of sadness and fright; draws skin of neck superiorly when teeth are clenched.

  • Assist in Mandibular depression
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4
Q

What are the attachments of Sternocleidomastoid (SCM)?

A

Superior/Medial: Lateral surface of mastoid process of temporal bone and lateral half of superior nuchal line

Inferior/Lateral: Sternal Head - Anterior surface of manubrium of sternum
Clavicular Head - Superior surface of medial third of clavicle

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5
Q

What nerve innervates Sternocleidomastoid (SCM)?

A

Spinal Accessory Nerve (CN XI)

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6
Q

What are the actions of Sternocleidomastoid (SCM)?
(Unilateral and Bilateral contraction)

A

Unilateral Contraction: Tilts the head to same side (laterally flexes neck), and rotates it so face is turned superiorly toward opposite side.

Bilateral Contraction: (1) Extends neck at atlanto-occipital joint. (2) Flexes cervical vertebrae so that chin approaches manubrium. (3) Extends superior cervical vertebrae while flexing inferior vertebrae

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7
Q

What are the attachments for Trapezius?

A

Superior/Medial: Medial third of superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance, nuchal ligament, spinous processes of C7-T12 Vertebrae

Inferior/Lateral: Lateral third of clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapula

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8
Q

What nerve innervates Trapezius?

A

Spinal Accessory Nerve (CN XI)

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9
Q

What are the actions of Trapezius?
(Superior Fibers, Middle Fibers, Inferior Fibers, Superior and Inferior fibers together)

A

Superior Fibers: Elevate scapulae/shoulders; maintain level of shoulders against gravity or resistance

Middle Fibers: Retract Scapula

Inferior Fibers: Depress scapulae/shoulders

Superior and Inferior Fibers Together: Rotate spinous process of scapulae superiorly. With shoulders fixed, bilateral contraction extends neck; unilateral contraction produces lateral flexion to same side.

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10
Q

What are the attachments for Longus Colli?

A

Superior: Anterior Tubercle of C1 vertebrae (Atlas); bodies of C1-C3 and transverse process of C3-C6 vertebrae

Inferior: Bodies of C5-T3 vertebrae; Transverse process of C3-C5 vertebrae

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11
Q

What is the action of Longus Colli?

A

Flexes neck with rotation (torsion) to opposite side if acting unilaterally

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12
Q

What nerve innervates Longus Colli?

A

Anterior Rami

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13
Q

What are the attachments for longus Capitis?

A

Superior: Basilar part of occipital bone

Inferior: Anterior tubercles of C3-C6 transverse process

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14
Q

What is the action of Longus Capitis?

A

Flex head

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15
Q

What nerve innervates Longus Capitis?

A

Anterior Rami

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16
Q

What are the attachments of Rectus Capitis Anterior?

A

Superior: Base of cranium, just anterior to occipital condyle

Inferior: Anterior surface of lateral mass of atlas (C1)

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17
Q

What is the action of Rectus Capitis Anterior?

A

Flex head

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18
Q

What nerve innervates Rectus Capitis Anterior?

A

Anterior Rami

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19
Q

What are the attachments of Anterior Scalene?

A

Superior: Transverse process of C3-C6 vertebrae

Inferior: 1st rib

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20
Q

What is the action of Anterior Scalene?

A

Flex head

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21
Q

What nerve innervates Anterior Scalene?

A

Anterior Rami

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22
Q

What are the attachments for Rectus Capitis Lateralis?

A

Superior: Jugular Process of occipital bone

Inferior: Transverse process of Atlas (C1)

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23
Q

What nerve innervates Rectus Capitis Lateralis?

A

Anterior Rami

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24
Q

What is the action of Rectus Capitis Lateralis?

A

Flexes head and helps stabilize it

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25
Q

What are the attachments for Splenius Capitis?

A

Superior: Inferior half of nuchal ligament and spinous processes of superior 6 thoracic vertebrae

Inferior: Lateral aspect of mastoid process and lateral third of superior nuchal line

26
Q

What nerve innervates Splenius Capitis?

A

Posterior Rami

27
Q

What is the action of Splenius Capitis?

A

Laterally flexes and rotates head and neck to same side; if acting bilaterally, extends head and neck

28
Q

What are the attachments of Levator Scapulae?

A

Superior: Posterior Tubercles of transverse process C2-C6

Inferior: Superior part of medial boarder of scapula

29
Q

What nerve innervates Levator Scapulae?

A

Dorsal Scapular N.

30
Q

What is the action of Levator Scapulae?

A

Downward rotation of the scapula and tilts glenoid cavity inferiorly

31
Q

What are the attachments of Middle Scalene?

A

Superior: Posterior tubercles of Transverse processes of C5-C7 vertebrae

Inferior: Superior surface of 1st rib; posterior groove for subclavian artery

32
Q

What nerve innervates Middle Scalene?

A

Anterior Rami

33
Q

What is the action of Middle Scalene?

A

Flexes neck laterally; elevates 1st rib during forced inspiration

34
Q

What are the attachments for Posterior Scalene?

A

Superior: Posterior Tubercles of Transverse processes of C5-C7 vertebrae (Same as middle scalene)

Inferior: External boarder of 2nd rib

35
Q

What nerve innervates Posterior Scalene?

A

Anterior Rami

36
Q

What is the action of Posterior Scalene?

A

Flexes neck laterally; elevates 2nd rib during forced inspiration

37
Q

What are the attachments for Sternohyoid?

A
  • Manubrium of sternum and medial end of clavicle
  • Body of Hyoid
38
Q

What nerve innervates Sternohyoid?

A

Ansa Cervicalis

39
Q

What is the action of Sternohyoid?

A

Depresses hyoid after elevation during swallowing

40
Q

What are the attachments for Omohyoid?

A
  • Superior boarder of scapula near suprascapular notch
  • Inferior border of hyoid
41
Q

What nerve innervates Omohyoid?

A

Ansa Cervicalis

42
Q

What is the action of Omohyoid?

A

Depresses, retracts and steadies hyoid

43
Q

What are the attachments for Sternothyroid?

A
  • Posterior surface of manubrium of sternum
  • Oblique line of thyroid cartilage
44
Q

What nerve innervates Sternothyroid?

A

Ansa Cervicalis

45
Q

What is the action of Sternothyroid?

A

Depresses hyoid and larynx

46
Q

What are the attachments for Thyrohyoid?

A
  • Oblique line of thyroid cartilage
  • Inferior border of body and greater horn of hyoid
47
Q

What nerve innervates Thyrohyoid?

A

Ansa Cervicalis

48
Q

What is the action of Thyrohyoid?

A

Depresses hyoid and elevates larynx

49
Q

What are the attachments for Mylohyoid?

A
  • Mylohyoid line of mandible
  • Mylohyoid raphe and body of hyoid
50
Q

What nerve innervates Mylohyoid?

A

Nerve to Mylohyoid (Branch from Mandibular Nerve, CN V)

51
Q

What is the action of Mylohyoid?

A

Elevates hyoid, floor of mouth, and tongue during swallowing and speaking

52
Q

What are the attachments for Geniohyoid?

A
  • Inferior mental spine of mandible
  • Body of hyoid
53
Q

What nerve innervates Geniohyoid?

A

Hypoglossal Nerve (CN XII)

54
Q

What is the action of Geniohyoid?

A

Pulls hyoid anterosuperiorly; shortens floor of mouth; widens pharynx

55
Q

What are the attachments of Stylohyoid?

A
  • Styloid process of temporal bone
  • Body of hyoid
56
Q

What nerve innervates Stylohyoid?

A

Stylohyoid Branch of Facial Nerve (CN VII)

57
Q

What is the action of Stylohyoid?

A

Elevates and retracts hyoid, thus elongating floor to mouth

58
Q

What are the attachments for Digastric?

A

(Superior Belly)
- Digastric fossa of mandible
(Inferior Belly)
- Mastoid notch of temporal bone

(Both Bellies)
- Intermediate tendon to body and greater horn of hyoid

59
Q

What nerve innervates Digastric?

A

(Anterior belly)
- Nerve to Mylohyoid, a branch of Inferior Alveolar Nerve of Mandibular Nerve (V3)

(Posterior belly)
- Digastric (Cervical???) branch of Facial Nerve (CN VII)

60
Q

What is the action of Digastric?

A

Working with infrahyoid muscles, depresses mandibular against resistance; elevates and steadies hyoid during swallowing and speaking

USA Term 2 (46 decks)

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