Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

USA Term 2 > Gross 2 Cranium and Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Gross 2 Cranium and Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

How many bones make up the Neurocranium?

A

8 bones
- Calvaria superiorly
- Cranial base inferiorly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How many bones make up the Viscerocranium?

A

15 bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the Mandibular Foramen?

A

An opening where the Inferior Alveolar Nerve (Branch off Mandibular Nerve {V3}) enters the bone.
(posterior mandible)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the Mental Foramen?

A

This is for the Mental nerve
- The Terminal branch off Inferior Alveolar Nerve.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the structures where the Maxillary Bones come together and fuse?

A
  • Intermaxillary Suture
  • InterPalatine Suture
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What contents go through the InfraOrbital Foramen?

A
  • Infraorbital Nerve (off of Maxillary N {V2 of Trigeminal N.})
  • Infraorbital Artery (Off of Maxillary Artery)
  • Infraorbital vein
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What contents go through the Incisive Foramen?

A
  • Nasopalatine Nerve (Off of Maxillary Nerve {V2 of Trigeminal N.})
  • Sphenopalatine Artery (Off of Maxillary Artery
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What contents go through the Greater Palatine Foramina?

A
  • Greater Palatine Nerve (Off of Maxillary Nerve {V2 of Trigeminal})
  • Greater Palatine Artery
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What contents go through the Lesser Palatine Foramina?

A
  • Lesser Palatine Nerve (Off of Maxillary Nerve {V2 of Trigeminal})
  • Lesser Palatine Artery
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Why is the Ethmoid Bone important?

A

Contains the Cribriform Plate, This is the Nesting Site for Olfactory Nerve (CN I)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Describe the Frontal Bone.

A
  • Contains a Squamous part: which forms outline of forehead
  • Contains a Orbital Part: which is part of orbit and bridge of the nose
  • Has the Supraorbital Foramina
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What contents go through the Supraorbital Foramina?

A
  • Supraorbital Artery
  • Supraorbital Vein
  • Supraorbital Nerve (comes off the Frontal nerve which is a branch from the Ophthalmic Nerve (V1) of Trigeminal)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What openings are on the Sphenoid bone?

A

-Optic Canal
- Superior Orbital Fissure
- Foramen Rotundum
- Foramen Ovale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What Nerve(s) go through the Optic Canal?

A

Optic Nerve (CN II)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What nerve(s) go through the Superior Orbital Fissure?

A
  • Oculomotor (CN III)
  • Trochlear N (CN IV)
  • Ophthalmic Nerve (V1) which has branches: Lacrimal N. , Frontal N., and Nasociliary N. (All from Trigeminal Nerve (CN V)
  • Abducens (CN VI)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What opening(s) are there in the Temporal Bone?

A
  • Internal Auditory/Acoustic Meatus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What nerve(s) go through the Internal Auditory/Acoustic Meatus?

A
  • Facial Nerve (CN VII)
  • Vestibulocochlear Nerve (CN VIII)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What opening(s) are there in the Occipital Bone?

A
  • Jugular Foramen
  • Foramen Magnum
  • Hypoglossal Canal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What contents go through the Jugular Foramen?

A
  • Internal Jugular Vein
  • Glossopharyngeal Nerve (CN IX)
  • Vagus Nerve (X)
  • Spinal Accessory (CN XI) {exits}
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What contents go through the Foramen Magnum?

A
  • Vertebral Arteries
  • Spinal Accessory (CN XI) {re-enters}
  • Spinal Cord
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What contents go through the Hypoglossal Canal?

A
  • Hypoglossal Nerve (CN XII)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the function of Olfactory-CN I?

A

Special Sensory

  • Smell from nasal mucosa
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Where does the Olfactory-CN I exit?

A

The Cribriform Plate of the Ethmoid bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are Olfactory-CN I dysfunctions?

A

Anosmia (Loss of smell)

  • Can be caused by upper respiratory infections, sinus disease, and head trauma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is the function of Optic-CN II?

A

Special Sensory

  • Vision (Transmitted from the retina to the visual cortex)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Why is the Sella Turcica Important?

A

This houses the Pituitary Gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Where does the Optic-CN II exit?

A

Optic Canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is the pathway for vision?

A
  • Retina
  • Optic nerve
  • Optic canal
  • Optic chiasm
  • Optic tract
  • Lateral Geniculate Nucleus
  • Visual cortex (Occipital Lobe)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What would happen if there was a lesion to the Right Optic Nerve/Canal?

A

Monocular Blindness

(The right eye will be blind, losses both nasal and temporal visual fields of ipsilateral eye)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What would happen if there was a lesion to the Right Optic Chiasm?

A

Bitemporal Hemianopsia

(Reduces peripheral vision, losses temporal vision)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What would happen if there was a lesion to the Right Optic Tract?

A

Homonymous Hemianopsia

(Eliminates vision from the left temporal and right nasal visual fields)
Commonly observed in patients with strokes

32
Q

What is the function of Oculomotor CN-III?

A

Somatic Motor

  • Motor to Superior/Inferior/Middle Rectus and Inferior Oblique
    (This rotates the eyeball superiorly, inferiorly, and medially)
  • Motor to Levator Palpabrae Superioris
    (Raises superior eyelids)

Visceral Motor

  • Constricts pupil and accommodate lens of eye
33
Q

Where does the Oculomotor CN-III exit?

A

Superior Orbital Fissure

34
Q

What are the Oculomotor CN-III dysfunctions?

A

Somatic Motor

  • The affected eye will be positioned down and out, the superior eyelids will not keep the eye completely open

Visceral Motor

  • Affected eye does not constrict (Meaning if you shine a light on it the pupil remains large)
35
Q

If someone has a Right Oculomotor (CN-III) Palsy, what would happen when they are looking straight (Primary Position)?

A

The right eye will turn downward and outward (Towards the right side)

36
Q

If someone has a Right Oculomotor (CN-III) Palsy, what would happen if they try to look/gaze to the right?

A

The eye will have a squint

(The eye will only squint because they eyeball is already turned downward and outward)

37
Q

If someone has a Right Oculomotor (CN-III) Palsy, what would happen if they try to look/gaze to the left?

A

They would be unable to adduct the right eye, and the angle of the squint will be larger, creating double vision further apart

38
Q

What is the function of Trochlear (CN-IV)?

A

Motor

  • To Superior Oblique
    (This depresses, medially rotates and abducts eye)
39
Q

Where does the Trochlear (CN-IV) exit?

A

Superior Orbital Fissure

40
Q

What are the Trochlear (CN-IV) dysfunctions?

A
  • The eye will be in adduction, lateral rotation, and elevation
41
Q

What is the function of Trigeminal (CN-V)?

A

Both:
Sensory
- Head (Face, teeth, mouth, nasal cavity)

Motor
- Masseter, Temporalis, Medial Pterygoid, Lateral Pterygoid, Mylohyoid, Anterior belly of Digastric, Tensor veli palatini, Tensor Tympani

42
Q

What are the 3 Somatic Sensory nerves for Trigeminal?

A

V1: Ophthalmic

V2: Maxillary

V3: Mandibular

(Look at pic from BB)

43
Q

What is the function of Ophthalmic (V1), and what are the 3 branches?

A

Sensory Nerve to the skin of Forehead and nose

Branches
- Frontal Nerve: Forehead
- Nasociliary Nerve: Eye and nose
- Lacrimal Nerve: Sensation of, and tear production through lacrimal gland (Parasympathetic)

44
Q

What is the function of Maxillary (V2), and what are the four branches?

A

Sensory nerve

Branches
- Zygomatic Nerve: Temporal and Zygomatic bone area
- Superior Alveolar N. : Upper Teeth
- Infraorbital N. : Skin below the eye
- Greater/Lesser Palatine and Nasopalatine N. : Glands on roof of mouth

45
Q

The Mandibular Nerve (V3) is a mixed nerve, what are the branches and their functions from the Motor portion? (5)

A

Motor: (Muscles of Mastication)
- Nerve to Medial Pterygoid: Medial Pterygoid M.
- Nerve to Lateral Pterygoid: Lateral Pterygoid M.
- Deep Temporal N. : Temporalis M.
- Masseteric N. : Masseter M.
- Mylohyoid N. : Mylohyoid and Anterior Digastric M.

46
Q

The Mandibular Nerve (V3) is a mixed nerve, what are the branches and their functions from the sensory portion? (4)

A

Sensory:
- Auriculotemporal N. : Area anterior to ear and temporal bone
- Buccal N. : Skin over cheek and lateral jaw
- Lingual N. : Anterior Tongue
- Inferior Alveolar N. : Lower Teeth, and floor of mouth
- Turns into Mental Nerve: Skin over chin and lower lip

47
Q

What is the function of Abducens (CN-VI)?

A

Somatic Motor

  • Lateral Rectus
    (This directs gaze laterally; looking lateral)
48
Q

Where does Abducens (CN-VI) exit?

A

Superior Orbital Fissure

49
Q

What happens if there is a dysfunction to the Abducens (VI)?

A

The eye will be placed medially, wont be able to look laterally

50
Q

What is the pathway for Facial (V)?

A
  • Firstly it runs through the Internal Acoustic Meatus and out the Stylomastoid Foramen
51
Q

What are the functions of Facial (CN-VII)? (4)

A

Both Sensory and Motor:

Somatic Motor
- Facial Expressions muscles
- Muscles of scalp, stapedius, stylohyoid, posterior belly of digastric

Special Sensory
- Taste of anterior 2/3 tongue (Chorda Tympani), Palate (Greater Petrosal)

Sensory
- Skin over external auditory meatus

Visceral Motor
- Parasym, submandibular and sublingual salivary glands, lacrimal gland and glands of nose and palate

52
Q

What happens if there is a dysfunction to the Facial (CN-VII)?

A

Facial Paralysis

53
Q

What are the nerve(s) the innervate the muscles of facial expressions?

A

Facial (Mainly)

Oculomotor: (Just one muscle) Levator palpabrae superioris {This raises superior eyelid}

54
Q

What nerve innervates the Occipitofrontalis (frontalis belly), Corrugator Supercilli, and Obicularis oculi?

A

The Temporal Branch of the Facial Nerve

55
Q

What nerve innervates the Orbicularis Oculi?

A

The Zygomatic Branch of the Facial Nerve

56
Q

What nerve innervates the Occipitofrontalis (Occipital belly)?

A

The Posterior Auricular Branch of the Facial Nerve

57
Q

What nerve innervates the Platysma?

A

The Cervical Branch of the Facial Nerve

58
Q

What nerve innervates the Procerus, Nasalis, Levator Labii Superioris Alaequae Nasi, Obicularis Oris, Levator Labii Superioris, Zygomatic Major/Minor, Buccinator, Risoris, and Levator Anguli Oris?

A

The Buccal Branch of Facial Nerve

59
Q

What nerve innervates the Depressor Anguli Oris, Depressor Labii Inferioris, and Mentalis?

A

The Mandibular Branch of Facial Nerve

60
Q

What is Bells Palsy?

A

A sudden and Temporary UNILATERAL damage to the Facial Nerve.
- Due to swelling and inflammation

*This affects motor and visceral function along distribution of Facial nerve, and No affects to sensation**

61
Q

What is the function of Vestibulocochlear (CN-VIII)?

A

Special Sensory
- Hearing, Equilibrium, and motion

Has 2 parts:

  • Vestibular Nerve Innervates:
    –Vestibular Apparatus (Semicircular canals, Utricle, and Sacule). {Position and Movement sense}
  • Cochlear Nerve Innervates:
    –The Cochlea (involved with hearing)
62
Q

Where does the Vestibulocochlear (CN-VIII) exit?

A

Exits through the Internal Acoustic Meatus
Then it separates into Vestibular N. and Cochlear N.

63
Q

What is the dysfunction of the Vestibulocochlear Nerve?

A

Vertigo

64
Q

What is the function for Glossopharyngeal (CN-IX)?

A

Both Motor and Sensory:

Somatic Motor
- Stylopharyngeus (Swallowing)

Visceral Motor
- Parasympathetic to Parotid Gland

Visceral Sensory
- Parotid Gland, Carotid Body and Sinus, Pharynx, and Middle Ear

Special Sensory
- Taste Posterior 1/3 of tongue
- Carotid fibers: carotid sinus baroreceptors

Somatic Sensory
- Cutaneous sensation from external ear

65
Q

What are the dysfunctions of the Glossopharyngeal (CN-IX)?

A
  • Loss of taste on posterior 1/3 of tongue
  • Loss of sensation on affected side of soft palate

Can result in loss of bitter and sour taste and impaired swallowing

66
Q

What are the functions for Vagus Nerve (CN-X)?

A

Both Motor and Sensory
(Its the main parasympathetic nerve, 90% of Parasympathetic nerve fibers are carried by CN X)

  • Somatic Motor
  • Visceral Motor
  • Visceral Sensory
  • Special Sensory
  • Somatic Sensory
67
Q

The Vagus Nerve (CN-X) is a mixed nerve, what are the functions of the Somatic Motor?

A

Somatic Motor
- Muscles of Pharynx (Except stylopharyngeus {CN IX}), intrinsic muscles of larynx, muscles of palate (Except Tensor Veli Palatine {V3}) and striated muscle in superior 2/3 of esophagus

68
Q

The Vagus Nerve (CN-X) is a mixed nerve, what are the functions of the Visceral Motor? (5)

A

Visceral Motor
- Parasympathetic smooth muscle and glands of trachea, bronchi, digestive tract, coronary arteries, and nodes of conductive system of heart

69
Q

The Vagus Nerve (CN-X) is a mixed nerve, what are the functions of the Visceral Sensory? (9)

A

Visceral Sensory
- Form base of tongue, pharynx, Larynx, Trachea, Bronchi, Heart, Esophagus, Stomach, and Small Intestine to left Colic Flexure

70
Q

The Vagus Nerve (CN-X) is a mixed nerve, what are the functions of the Special Sensory?

A

Special Sensory
- Taste from Epiglottis and Palate

71
Q

The Vagus Nerve (CN-X) is a mixed nerve, what are the functions of the Somatic Sensory?

A

Somatic Sensory
- From Auricle, External Acoustic Meatus, Cranial Fossa

72
Q

What are the dysfunctions of the Vagus (CN-X)?

A
  • Dysphagia: Swallowing difficulties
  • Dysphonia: A voice disorder that causes an abnormal voice quality
  • Aphonia: You can’t make yourself heard because your voice sounds hoarse, or you can’t speak above a whisper
  • Respiratory Stridor: Noisy breathing that occurs due to obstructed air flow through a narrowed airway
73
Q

What is the function of the Spinal Accessory (CN-XI)?

A

Somatic Motor:

  • SCM
  • Trapezius
74
Q

What are the dysfunctions of the Spinal Accessory (CN-XI)?

A
  • Atrophy of Trapezius
  • Drooping shoulder
  • Inability to retract or elevate scapula
  • Weakness in turning head to opposite side
75
Q

What is the function of the Hypoglossal (CN-XII)?

A

Somatic Motor:

  • Intrinsic and Extrinsic muscles of the tongue
76
Q

What are the dysfunctions of the Hypoglossal (CN-XII)?

A
  • Deviation toward affected side: (If right side is affected the tongue will deviate to right side)
  • Atrophy of tongue
  • Dysarthria: Where you have difficulty speaking

USA Term 2 (46 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions