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Gross 2 *Abdominal Viscera* Flashcards

1
Q

Pain arising in the foregut organs is typically referred where?

A

Epigastric

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2
Q

Pain arising from the midgut is typically referred where?

A

Peri-Umbilical

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3
Q

Pain arising from the Hindgut is typically referred where?

A

Hypogastric / Pubic

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4
Q

Pain can be referred to the shoulder due to the relationship to what?

A

Relationship of organ to diaphragm

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5
Q

Which organs can refer pain to the posterior body wall/trunk?

A

Pancreas, kidney, ureter

Kidney and Ureter (Genitourinary) can refer to inguinal region and anterior thigh (Loin to Groin)

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6
Q

What are the branches of the Celiac Trunk?

A
  • Splenic A.
  • Left Gastric A.
  • Common Hepatic A.
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7
Q

What visceral organs does the Celiac Trunk supply?

A
  • Terminal end of esophagus
  • Stomach
  • Duodenum
  • Spleen
  • Liver
  • Gallbladder
  • Pancreas
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8
Q

Where is the esophagus located?

A
  • Left Upper Quadrant
  • The esophagus passes through the diaphragm at the level of T10
  • The esophagus terminates at the cardiac orifice of the stomach
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9
Q

What arteries supply the esophagus in the abdominal region?

A
  • Esophageal branch from Left Gastric (Celiac Trunk)
  • Left Inferior Phrenic A.
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10
Q

What is the pathway to arrive to the Esophageal B and Left Inferior Phrenic from the aorta?

A

Abdominal Aorta -> Celiac Trunk -> Left Gastric
-> Esophageal Branch

Abdominal Aorta-> Left Inferior Phrenic A.

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11
Q

What innervates the terminal end of the Esophagus?What effect does the innervation have?

A
  • Parasympathetic
    – Esophageal Plexus (From Vagal Trunk)
    –Peristalsis
    –Secretion of mucus
  • Sympathetic
    – Greater Splanchnic Nerve
    –Inhibits peristalsis and constricts blood flow
  • Visceral Afferent
    – Posterior surface of the abdominal part of the esophagus is covered by peritoneum
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12
Q

Where is the stomach located?

A

Left Upper Quadrant, except the Pylorus (RUQ)

  • Lies between the esophagus and duodenum
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13
Q

What are the parts of the stomach?

A
  • Cardia: surrounds the cardiac orifice
  • Fundus: (Top part of stomach) Area may be dilated by gas, fluid, or food
  • Body: Between fundus and pylorus
  • Pylorus: (Bottom part of stomach) Contains the pyloric atrium and canal
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14
Q

What are the arteries that supply the stomach?

A

Right and Left Gastric -> Lesser Curvature

Right and Left Gastro-omental -> Greater Curvature

Short Gastric -> Fundus of stomach

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15
Q

What is the pathway for the Right and Left Gastric arteries to the stomach from the aorta?

A

Abdominal Aorta -> Celiac Trunk -> Left Gastric

Abdominal Aorta -> Celiac Trunk -> Common Hepatic
-> Proper Hepatic -> Right Gastric

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16
Q

What is the pathway for the Right and Left Gastro-omental to the stomach from the aorta?

A

Abdominal Aorta -> Celiac Trunk -> Common Hepatic
-> Gastroduodenal -> Right Gastro-omental

Abdominal Aorta -> Celiac Trunk -> Splenic -> Left Gastro-omental

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17
Q

What is the pathway for the Short Gastric to the stomach from the aorta?

A

Abdominal Aorta -> Celiac Trunk -> Splenic
-> Short Gastric

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18
Q

What innervates the stomach?

A
  • Parasympathetic
    – Anterior and Posterior Vagal
  • Sympathetic
    – Greater Splanchnic Nerves
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19
Q

What is the function of the stomach?

A
  • Chemical and mechanical breakdown of food
  • Passage to duodenum
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20
Q

Where is the Duodenum?

A
  • Right Upper Quadrant
  • Begins at the Pylorus
  • Ends at duodenal jejunal flexure
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21
Q

What are the parts of the Duodenum?

A
  1. Superior
  2. Descending
  3. Horizontal
  4. Ascending

*The bile and main pancreatic duct enter the posteriomedial wall of the descending part

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22
Q

What is the function of the Duodenum?

A
  • Absorption of water nutrients
  • Mixing bile and pancreatic enzymes
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23
Q

What arteries supplies the Duodenum?

A
  • Gastroduodenal
  • Superior Pancreaticoduodenal
  • Inferior Pancreaticoduodenal
24
Q

What is the pathway for the Gastroduodenal to the Duodenum from the aorta?

A

Abdominal Aorta -> Celiac Trunk -> Common Hepatic
-> Gastroduodenal

25
What is the pathway for the Superior Pancreaticoduodenal to the Duodenum from the aorta?
Abdominal Aorta -> Celiac Trunk -> Common Hepatic -> Gastroduodenal -> Superior Pancreaticoduodenal
26
What is the pathway for the Inferior Pancreaticoduodenal
Abdominal Aorta -> Superior Mesenteric -> Inferior pancreaticoduodenal
27
What happens when there is a union of a branch from the celiac trunk and Superior Mesenteric A.?
This marks the transition to the Midgut *The Superior and Inferior Pancreaticoduodenal come from the SMA and Celiac trunk, after this union we transition to the midgut*
28
What innervates the Duodenum?
Vagus - Secretomotor to the duodenal mucosa and motor to the duodenal musculature Greater and Lesser Splanchnic - Constrict duodenal vasculature - Inhibit duodenal peristalsis
29
Where does the duodenal refer pain to?
Epigastrium
30
Which parts (organs) are in the Midgut?
- Duodenum - jejunum - Ilium - Cecum - Ascending Colon - Proximal 2/3 of Transverse Colon
31
What lvl. does the Superior Mesenteric Artery? What are the Branches of the Superior Mesenteric?
The SMA arises at the lvl L1 Branches include: - Inferior Pancreaticoduodenal - Jejunal - Ilial - ileocolic - Right Colic - Middle Colic
32
Where is the jejunum located? What artery supplies it?
Mostly in the LUQ Jejunal A.
33
Where is the ilium located? What artery supplies it?
Mostly in the RLQ ileal A.
34
What innervates the Jejunum and Ilium?
- Posterior Vagal Trunk - Lesser Splanchnic - Visceral Afferent (T8-T10)
35
What is the function of the Jejunum and Ilium?
- Completes digestion of food - Absorption of nutrients
36
Where does the Jejunum and Ilium refer pain to?
Umbilical Region
37
What are the parts (Organs) of the Hindgut?
- Distal 3rd of Transverse Colon - Left Colic Flexure - Descending Colon - Sigmoid Colon - Rectum - Anal Canal (Upper Part)
38
What branches from the Superior Mesenteric supply the Large Intestine?
- Right Colic: Ascending Colon and Hepatic Flexure - Middle Colic: Hepatic Flexure and Transverse Colon - Ileocolic: Branches to Ilium, Cecum and Appendix
39
What branches from the Inferior Mesenteric supply the Large Intestine?
- Left Colic: Descending Colon - Sigmoid: Descending Colon and Sigmoid Colon - Superior Rectal: Proximal part of Rectum
40
What branches from the Internal Iliac supply the Large Intestine?
- Middle Rectal - Inferior Rectal
41
What innervates the Hindgut?
- Visceral Afferents from T12-S4 - Sympathetic from Lumbar part of the abdominopelvic splanchnic nerves - Parasympathetic from the Pelvic Splanchnic nerves
42
What is the function of the Large Intestine?
- Absorption of water - Coverts chyme into semi-solid
43
What is the function of the liver?
- Removes toxins from blood - Processes the nutrients absorbed by the intestines - Produces clotting factors - Produces bile - Produces cholesterol
44
What are the 4 lobes of the liver?
- Left - Right - Caudate - Quadrate
45
What is the function of the Falciform Ligament?
Connects the liver anteriorly to the abdominal cavity
46
What arteries supply the Liver?
- Left/Right Hepatic - Middle Hepatic
47
Where does the liver refer pain to?
- Epigastrium - Right shoulder if it involves the diaphragmatic surface of the liver may be referred via the phrenic nerve to the right shoulder region (C3-C5 dermatomes)
48
What are the parts of the Gallbladder?
Fundus, Body, Neck
49
What is the Gallbladder function?
Store bile produced by liver
50
How does bile make it from the Liver to the Gallbladder?
From the liver it goes to the L/R Hepatic duct -> Common Hepatic Duct -> Common Bile Duct -> Reaches the sphincter of the bile duct then rebounds back up -> Cystic duct -> Gallbladder
51
What is the function of the Spleen?
- Filter for blood (Immune function) - Storage for WBC - Storage for platelets
52
What arteries supply the spleen?
Splenic A.
53
What are the different parts of the Pancreas?
- Tail - Body - Neck - Head - Uncinate Process
54
What arteries supply the Pancreas?
- Pancreatic branches from Splenic A. - Superior/Inferior Pancreaticoduodenal
55
What is the function of the Kidneys?
Removal of waste products and the return of nutrients to the blood
56
What structures protect the Kidneys?
- Ribs - Pararenal fat pad - QL - Diaphragm
57
What are the 8 parts of the kidney?
- Cortex: Outer part of kidney - Renal Medulla: part that contains pyramids - Renal Columns: space between pyramids - Renal Pyramids: found in the medulla - Major Calyx: Collects from minor calyx - Minor Calyx: begins from tip of pyramid - Renal Pelvis: Collects from major calyx - Ureter: tubule exiting from kidney

Term 2 (45 decks)

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