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USA Term 2 > Gross 2 *Abdominal Viscera* > Flashcards

Gross 2 *Abdominal Viscera* Flashcards

1
Q

Pain arising in the foregut organs is typically referred where?

A

Epigastric

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2
Q

Pain arising from the midgut is typically referred where?

A

Peri-Umbilical

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3
Q

Pain arising from the Hindgut is typically referred where?

A

Hypogastric / Pubic

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4
Q

Pain can be referred to the shoulder due to the relationship to what?

A

Relationship of organ to diaphragm

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5
Q

Which organs can refer pain to the posterior body wall/trunk?

A

Pancreas, kidney, ureter

Kidney and Ureter (Genitourinary) can refer to inguinal region and anterior thigh (Loin to Groin)

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6
Q

What are the branches of the Celiac Trunk?

A
  • Splenic A.
  • Left Gastric A.
  • Common Hepatic A.
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7
Q

What visceral organs does the Celiac Trunk supply?

A
  • Terminal end of esophagus
  • Stomach
  • Duodenum
  • Spleen
  • Liver
  • Gallbladder
  • Pancreas
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8
Q

Where is the esophagus located?

A
  • Left Upper Quadrant
  • The esophagus passes through the diaphragm at the level of T10
  • The esophagus terminates at the cardiac orifice of the stomach
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9
Q

What arteries supply the esophagus in the abdominal region?

A
  • Esophageal branch from Left Gastric (Celiac Trunk)
  • Left Inferior Phrenic A.
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10
Q

What is the pathway to arrive to the Esophageal B and Left Inferior Phrenic from the aorta?

A

Abdominal Aorta -> Celiac Trunk -> Left Gastric
-> Esophageal Branch

Abdominal Aorta-> Left Inferior Phrenic A.

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11
Q

What innervates the terminal end of the Esophagus?What effect does the innervation have?

A
  • Parasympathetic
    – Esophageal Plexus (From Vagal Trunk)
    –Peristalsis
    –Secretion of mucus
  • Sympathetic
    – Greater Splanchnic Nerve
    –Inhibits peristalsis and constricts blood flow
  • Visceral Afferent
    – Posterior surface of the abdominal part of the esophagus is covered by peritoneum
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12
Q

Where is the stomach located?

A

Left Upper Quadrant, except the Pylorus (RUQ)

  • Lies between the esophagus and duodenum
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13
Q

What are the parts of the stomach?

A
  • Cardia: surrounds the cardiac orifice
  • Fundus: (Top part of stomach) Area may be dilated by gas, fluid, or food
  • Body: Between fundus and pylorus
  • Pylorus: (Bottom part of stomach) Contains the pyloric atrium and canal
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14
Q

What are the arteries that supply the stomach?

A

Right and Left Gastric -> Lesser Curvature

Right and Left Gastro-omental -> Greater Curvature

Short Gastric -> Fundus of stomach

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15
Q

What is the pathway for the Right and Left Gastric arteries to the stomach from the aorta?

A

Abdominal Aorta -> Celiac Trunk -> Left Gastric

Abdominal Aorta -> Celiac Trunk -> Common Hepatic
-> Proper Hepatic -> Right Gastric

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16
Q

What is the pathway for the Right and Left Gastro-omental to the stomach from the aorta?

A

Abdominal Aorta -> Celiac Trunk -> Common Hepatic
-> Gastroduodenal -> Right Gastro-omental

Abdominal Aorta -> Celiac Trunk -> Splenic -> Left Gastro-omental

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17
Q

What is the pathway for the Short Gastric to the stomach from the aorta?

A

Abdominal Aorta -> Celiac Trunk -> Splenic
-> Short Gastric

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18
Q

What innervates the stomach?

A
  • Parasympathetic
    – Anterior and Posterior Vagal
  • Sympathetic
    – Greater Splanchnic Nerves
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19
Q

What is the function of the stomach?

A
  • Chemical and mechanical breakdown of food
  • Passage to duodenum
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20
Q

Where is the Duodenum?

A
  • Right Upper Quadrant
  • Begins at the Pylorus
  • Ends at duodenal jejunal flexure
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21
Q

What are the parts of the Duodenum?

A
  1. Superior
  2. Descending
  3. Horizontal
  4. Ascending

*The bile and main pancreatic duct enter the posteriomedial wall of the descending part

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22
Q

What is the function of the Duodenum?

A
  • Absorption of water nutrients
  • Mixing bile and pancreatic enzymes
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23
Q

What arteries supplies the Duodenum?

A
  • Gastroduodenal
  • Superior Pancreaticoduodenal
  • Inferior Pancreaticoduodenal
24
Q

What is the pathway for the Gastroduodenal to the Duodenum from the aorta?

A

Abdominal Aorta -> Celiac Trunk -> Common Hepatic
-> Gastroduodenal

25
Q

What is the pathway for the Superior Pancreaticoduodenal to the Duodenum from the aorta?

A

Abdominal Aorta -> Celiac Trunk -> Common Hepatic
-> Gastroduodenal -> Superior Pancreaticoduodenal

26
Q

What is the pathway for the Inferior Pancreaticoduodenal

A

Abdominal Aorta -> Superior Mesenteric -> Inferior pancreaticoduodenal

27
Q

What happens when there is a union of a branch from the celiac trunk and Superior Mesenteric A.?

A

This marks the transition to the Midgut

The Superior and Inferior Pancreaticoduodenal come from the SMA and Celiac trunk, after this union we transition to the midgut

28
Q

What innervates the Duodenum?

A

Vagus
- Secretomotor to the duodenal mucosa and motor to the duodenal musculature

Greater and Lesser Splanchnic
- Constrict duodenal vasculature
- Inhibit duodenal peristalsis

29
Q

Where does the duodenal refer pain to?

A

Epigastrium

30
Q

Which parts (organs) are in the Midgut?

A
  • Duodenum
  • jejunum
  • Ilium
  • Cecum
  • Ascending Colon
  • Proximal 2/3 of Transverse Colon
31
Q

What lvl. does the Superior Mesenteric Artery? What are the Branches of the Superior Mesenteric?

A

The SMA arises at the lvl L1

Branches include:
- Inferior Pancreaticoduodenal
- Jejunal
- Ilial
- ileocolic
- Right Colic
- Middle Colic

32
Q

Where is the jejunum located? What artery supplies it?

A

Mostly in the LUQ

Jejunal A.

33
Q

Where is the ilium located? What artery supplies it?

A

Mostly in the RLQ

ileal A.

34
Q

What innervates the Jejunum and Ilium?

A
  • Posterior Vagal Trunk
  • Lesser Splanchnic
  • Visceral Afferent (T8-T10)
35
Q

What is the function of the Jejunum and Ilium?

A
  • Completes digestion of food
  • Absorption of nutrients
36
Q

Where does the Jejunum and Ilium refer pain to?

A

Umbilical Region

37
Q

What are the parts (Organs) of the Hindgut?

A
  • Distal 3rd of Transverse Colon
  • Left Colic Flexure
  • Descending Colon
  • Sigmoid Colon
  • Rectum
  • Anal Canal (Upper Part)
38
Q

What branches from the Superior Mesenteric supply the Large Intestine?

A
  • Right Colic: Ascending Colon and Hepatic Flexure
  • Middle Colic: Hepatic Flexure and Transverse Colon
  • Ileocolic: Branches to Ilium, Cecum and Appendix
39
Q

What branches from the Inferior Mesenteric supply the Large Intestine?

A
  • Left Colic: Descending Colon
  • Sigmoid: Descending Colon and Sigmoid Colon
  • Superior Rectal: Proximal part of Rectum
40
Q

What branches from the Internal Iliac supply the Large Intestine?

A
  • Middle Rectal
  • Inferior Rectal
41
Q

What innervates the Hindgut?

A
  • Visceral Afferents from T12-S4
  • Sympathetic from Lumbar part of the abdominopelvic splanchnic nerves
  • Parasympathetic from the Pelvic Splanchnic nerves
42
Q

What is the function of the Large Intestine?

A
  • Absorption of water
  • Coverts chyme into semi-solid
43
Q

What is the function of the liver?

A
  • Removes toxins from blood
  • Processes the nutrients absorbed by the intestines
  • Produces clotting factors
  • Produces bile
  • Produces cholesterol
44
Q

What are the 4 lobes of the liver?

A
  • Left
  • Right
  • Caudate
  • Quadrate
45
Q

What is the function of the Falciform Ligament?

A

Connects the liver anteriorly to the abdominal cavity

46
Q

What arteries supply the Liver?

A
  • Left/Right Hepatic
  • Middle Hepatic
47
Q

Where does the liver refer pain to?

A
  • Epigastrium
  • Right shoulder if it involves the diaphragmatic surface of the liver may be referred via the phrenic nerve to the right shoulder region (C3-C5 dermatomes)
48
Q

What are the parts of the Gallbladder?

A

Fundus, Body, Neck

49
Q

What is the Gallbladder function?

A

Store bile produced by liver

50
Q

How does bile make it from the Liver to the Gallbladder?

A

From the liver it goes to the L/R Hepatic duct -> Common Hepatic Duct -> Common Bile Duct -> Reaches the sphincter of the bile duct then rebounds back up -> Cystic duct -> Gallbladder

51
Q

What is the function of the Spleen?

A
  • Filter for blood (Immune function)
  • Storage for WBC
  • Storage for platelets
52
Q

What arteries supply the spleen?

A

Splenic A.

53
Q

What are the different parts of the Pancreas?

A
  • Tail
  • Body
  • Neck
  • Head
  • Uncinate Process
54
Q

What arteries supply the Pancreas?

A
  • Pancreatic branches from Splenic A.
  • Superior/Inferior Pancreaticoduodenal
55
Q

What is the function of the Kidneys?

A

Removal of waste products and the return of nutrients to the blood

56
Q

What structures protect the Kidneys?

A
  • Ribs
  • Pararenal fat pad
  • QL
  • Diaphragm
57
Q

What are the 8 parts of the kidney?

A
  • Cortex: Outer part of kidney
  • Renal Medulla: part that contains pyramids
  • Renal Columns: space between pyramids
  • Renal Pyramids: found in the medulla
  • Major Calyx: Collects from minor calyx
  • Minor Calyx: begins from tip of pyramid
  • Renal Pelvis: Collects from major calyx
  • Ureter: tubule exiting from kidney

USA Term 2 (45 decks)

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