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USA Term 2 > Gross 2 Foot and Ankle > Flashcards

Gross 2 Foot and Ankle Flashcards

1
Q

What bones make up the Hindfoot?

A

Talus and Calcaneus

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2
Q

What bones make up the Midfoot?

A

Navicular, Cuneiform, Cuboid

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3
Q

What bones make up the Forefoot?

A

Metatarsals, and Phalanges

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4
Q

Describe the Dorsum of the foot/ Dorsal surface of the foot.

A

Skin is thinner and looser

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5
Q

Describe the Sole of the foot/Plantar Surface.

A

-Skin is thicker and highly innervated
-Heel: Part of the sole under the calcaneus
-Fat pad for shock absorption
-Ball of the foot: part of the sole under the metatarsal heads

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6
Q

What are the requirements of the Ankle?

A

Must be both rigid and mobile:

-Rigid for propulsion for walking, running, jumping
-Mobile to accommodate to uneven terrain, absorb shock and control proximal forces

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7
Q

What are the ten articulations of the foot?

A

1) Inferior TibioFibular
2) Talocrural (Ankle)
3) Talocalcaneal (Anatomical subtalar)
4) Talocalcaneonavicular (Transverse Tarsal Joint)
5) Calcaneocuboid (Transverse Tarsal Joint)
6) Cuneonavicular
7) Tarsalmetatarsal
8) Intermetatarsal
9) Metatarsalphalangeal
10) Interphalangeal

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8
Q

What are the three motions that take place when you Doriflex?

A

-Inversion
-Adduction
-Dorsiflexion

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9
Q

What are the three motions that take place when you platarflex?

A

-Eversion
-Abduction
-Platarflexion

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10
Q

What limits the spreading of the distal tibio-fibular articulation?

A

Interosseous Fibular Ligament

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11
Q

A high grade sprain of the interosseous (Crural) Fibular Ligament would result in excessive motion at which joint?

A

Distal Tibiofibular Joint

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12
Q

What bones make up the articulation of Talocrural joint?

A

Talus with the distal tibia/fibula

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13
Q

What type of joint and what motions does the Talocrural joint produce?

A

Type:
Hinge type synovial joint

Movement:
Dorsiflexion and Platarflexion

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14
Q

What ligaments help stabilize the Talocrural Joint?

A

Lateral and Medial Collateral Ligaments

-As well as the ligaments of the inferior tibiofibular joint

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15
Q

What are the Lateral Collateral Ligament of the Ankle? (3)

A

-Anterior Talofibular
-Posterior Talofibular
-Calcaneal Fibular

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16
Q

What are the four Deltoid Ligaments?

A

Anterior Tibiotalar Lig.
Posterior Tibiotalar Lig.
Tibionavicular Lig.
Tibiocalcaneal Lig.

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17
Q

What are the Lateral Collateral Ligaments of the ankle?

A

-Anterior Talofibular Lig.
-Calcaneal Fibular Lig.
-Posterior Talofibular Lig.

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18
Q

What type of joint and what movements does the TaloCalcaneal (Subtalar) Joint Provide?

A

Type: Plane of Synovial Joint

Movement: Eversion/Inversion

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19
Q

What ligaments help support the Talocalcaneal (Subtalar) Joint?

A

Medial, Lateral, Posterior and Interosseous Talocalcaneal Ligament: binds bones together

-Calcaneal Fibular limits excessive inversion

-Tibiocalcaneal fibers of deltoid limits excessive eversion

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20
Q

What type of joint is Transverse Tarsal?

A

A Compound Joint

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21
Q

What two joints make up the Transverse Tarsal Joint?

A

Talonavicular and Calcaneocuboid

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22
Q

What is the articulation for Talonavicular (Transverse Tarsal)?

A

Articulation with head of talus to posterior aspect of navicular bone

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23
Q

What is the articulation for Calcaneocuboid (Transverse Tarsal)?

A

Anterior end of calcaneus articulates with posterior surface of cuboid

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24
Q

What are the movements of the Transverse Tarsal Joint?

A

Supination and Pronation

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25
Q

What ligaments help stabilize the Calcaneocuboid?

A

Dorsal Calcaneocuboid ligament, Plantar Calcaneocuboid (short plantar), Long Plantar Ligament support

26
Q

What bones make up the Medial, Intermediate, and Lateral Tarsometatarsal Joints?

A

Medial: Medial Cuneiform with the 1st metatarsal

Intermediate: Intermediate and lateral cuneiform with 2nd-3rd metatarsal

Lateral: Cuboid and the 4th-5th metatarsal

27
Q

What are the motions for the Tarsometatarsal Joint?

A

-Small amount of flexion and extension
-Limited rotation and abduction at the 1st TMT

28
Q

What are the three Intertarsal Joints?

A

Cuneonavicular
Intercuneiform
Cuneocuboid

29
Q

What type of joint and what articulations make up Metatarsal Phalangeal Joint?

A

-Condyloid Synovial Joint

-Heads of metatarsal bones articulate with bases on proximal phalanges

30
Q

What ligaments help support the Metatarsal Phalangeal Joint?

A

Collateral ligaments support capsule on each side; Plantar ligaments supports plantar part of capsule

31
Q

What motions does the Metatarsal Phalangeal Joint produce?

A

Flexion, Extension
Some Abduction, Adduction and Circumduction

32
Q

What type of joint and what articulations make up the Interphalangeal Joint?

A

Hinge Synovial Joint

Head of proximal phalanx articulates with the base of distal phalanx

33
Q

What ligaments help support the Interphalangeal Joint?

A

Collateral and Plantar ligaments

34
Q

What motions does the Interphalangeal joint produce?

A

Flexion and Extension

35
Q

What are the three major ligaments of the foot?

A

-Plantar Calcaneonacivular Ligament (Spring Ligament)

-Long Plantar Ligament

-Plantar Calcaneocuboid Ligament (Short Plantar Ligament

36
Q

What is the first layer of intrinsic muscles of sole? (3)

A
  • Abductor Halluces
  • Flexor Digitorum Brevis
  • Abductor Digiti Minimi
37
Q

What is the second layer of intrinsic muscles of sole? (2)

A
  • Quadratus Plantae
  • Lumbricals
38
Q

What is the third layer of intrinsic muscles of sole? (3)

A
  • Flexor Halluces Brevis
  • Adductor Halluces
  • Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis
39
Q

What is the fourth layer of intrinsic muscles of sole? (2)

A
  • Planter Interossei
  • Dorsal Interossei
40
Q

What are the two dorsal muscles of the foot?

A
  • Extensor Digitorum Brevis
  • Extensor Halluces Brevis
41
Q

How is weight bearing distributed in the foot?

A
  • Tibia loads body weight onto talus
  • Then to the Calcaneus
  • From the calcaneus to the ball of the foot
  • These weight bearing areas are supported by 3 elastic arches
41
Q

What is the Medial Longitudinal Arch composed of?

A

Calcaneus, Talus, navicular, cuneiforms, and 3 metatarsals

41
Q

What is the Lateral Longitudinal Arch Composed of?

A

Calcaneus, Cuboid, and lateral metatarsals

42
Q

What is the Transverse Arch composed of?

A

Cuboid, cuneiforms, and bases of metatarsals

43
Q

What are the Passive supports that support the arch?

A

-Shapes of bones
-Plantar Aponeurosis
-Long Plantar Ligaments
-Short Plantar Ligaments
-Spring Ligaments

44
Q

What are the Dynamic Supports that support the arch?

A

-Active bracing of intrinsic muscles
-Active contraction of the long tendons (extrinsic muscles) acting on the arch
–FHL, FDL-> Longitudinal Arch
–Fibularis Longus/Brevis and Tibialis Posterior -> Transverse arch

45
Q

What make up the Planter Fascia?

A

Medial Plantar Fascia
Plantar Aponeurosis
-Distally 5 bands
-Reinforced by the superficial transverse metatarsal ligaments
Lateral Plantar Fascia

46
Q

Which arteries supply the nail beds and distal phalanges?

A

Plantar digital Artery and their dorsal branches from Medial and Lateral Plantar A.

47
Q

Where are the Superficial veins formed? Where do the Great and Small Saphenous vein run?

A

Formed at the Dorsal venous arch of the foot.

  • The Great Saphenous vein runs medially
  • The Small Saphenous vein runs laterally
48
Q

The Deep vein communicates with which vein on the pathway back to IVC?

A

The Superficial Vein (Great and Small Saphenous)

49
Q

What nerve innervates the Extensor Digitorum Brevis?

A

Deep Fibular Nerve

50
Q

What nerve innervates Abductor Hallucis?

A

Medial Plantar N.

51
Q

What nerve innervates Quadratus Plantae?

A

Lateral Plantar N.

52
Q

What nerve innervates First Lumbrical?

A

Medial Plantar N.

53
Q

What nerve innervates Abductor Digiti Minimi?

A

Lateral Plantar N.

54
Q

What nerve supplies skin of the medial side of the SOLE of foot and sides of first 3 digits?

A

Medial Plantar N.

55
Q

What nerve innervates Digiti Minimi Brevis?

A

Lateral Plantar N.

56
Q

What nerve innervates the Dorsal Interossei?

A

The Deep Branch of Lateral Plantar N.

57
Q

What nerve innervates the Lateral Three Lumbricals?

A

The Deep Branch of Lateral Plantar N.

58
Q

What nerve innervates Adductor Hallucis?

A

The Deep Branch of Lateral Plantar N.

59
Q

What nerve supplies the the skin on sole lateral to a line splitting the 4th digit?

A

The Deep Branch of Lateral Plantar N.

USA Term 2 (19 decks)

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