genetic diversity and mutation

Question 1

what is base substitution mutations

Answer 1

where one base is swapped for another

ATG CCG ATA
MUTATION
ATG CAG ATA

Question 2

what is a base deletion

Answer 2

where a base is removed

ATG CCG ATA
MUTATION
ATG CG ATA

Question 3

define gene mutations

Answer 3

changes in DNA base sequences of chromosomes

Question 4

is gene mutation spontaneous or controlled

Answer 4

spontaneous

Question 5

mutations in a gene could change sequence of a/a

why not would?

Answer 5

because of the degenerate nature of the genetic code the mutation could result in a new triplet that still codes for the a/a

Question 6

but what happens if a substitution mutation does change the sequence of a/a

Answer 6

impact depends upon position of a/a affected

mutation changes a/a that is located away from the active site
mutation doesn’t change the tertiary structure
shape of active site is not changed
no change to enzyme function

mutation causes an a/a that is involved in the formation of H/ionic/ disulfate bonds

tertiary structure of enzyme change

shape of active site changes enzyme function changed

Question 7

what are the 4 types of gene mutation

Answer 7

base additions
base deletions
base inversion
base substitution

Question 8

name the 2 types of mutations that are frame shift mutations

Answer 8

base additions
base deletions

Question 9

what happens if the order of bases changes in a gene

Answer 9

the sequence of a/a could change
(primary structure of a protein)

the tertiary structure of a protein could change

so the functionality of a protein could change

Question 10

why may mutations not always change the sequence of encoded a/a

Answer 10

this is du to the genetic code being degenerate so the mutation could result in a new triplet that still codes for the same a/a