chromosomes and genetic code

Question 1

define exons

Answer 1

base sequence coding for sequence of amino acids

Question 2

define introns

Answer 2

non coding sequence of bases

Question 3

define genome

Answer 3

the full set of genes in a cell

Question 4

define proteome

Answer 4

full range of proteins that a cell is able to produce

Question 5

define triplet

Answer 5

3 bases that code for 1 amino acid

Question 6

give 3 properties of the genetic code and explain why these are important

Answer 6

• universal
  (same in all living things)
• non overlapping
  = each base is only part of 1 triplet
• degenerate
  = some amino acids have more than 1 triplet that code for them

Question 7

why is the insulin protein not the same as an enzyme in terms of shape and function

Answer 7

different genes have different base sequences
this means there is a different order of amino acids
therefore a protein with a different shape is formed and this shape determines it’s function

Question 8

define locus

Answer 8

where a gene is on a chromosome

Question 9

define gene

Answer 9

sequence of bases that codes for the primary structure of a protein

Question 10

if the base sequence code is different what does this mean in terms of the protein made

Answer 10

different base sequence = different amino acid formed = different chain of amino acids = different primary structure = different tertiary structure

Question 11

define allele

Answer 11

alternative form of a gene that occurs at the same locus on homologous chromosomes

e.g: blood type gene has 3 alleles
- A allele
B allele
O allele

Question 12

define homologous chromosomes

Answer 12

pair of matching chromosomes that carry the same genes at the same locus