ATP Flashcards
what does ATP stand for
Adenosine Triphosphate
write the word equation for the hydrolysis of ATP
ATP + water —> ADP + Pi
what does ATP hydrolase do in the hydrolysis of ATP
ATP hydrolase hydrolyses the breaking of ATP to release energy
what does ADP stand for
Adenosine Diphosphate
what does Pi stand for
Inorganic phosphate
give 3 reasons why ATP is a suitable source of energy for biological processes
- soluble
(can dissolve in water and move) - hydrolysis of ATP is a simple single step
- releases small amounts of energy at a time
what is the importance of ATP hydrolysis
immediate energy source for biological processes
it can be coupled to energy requiring reactions in a cell where the energy released in hydrolysis can be used to directly to make coupled reactions happen rather than energy to be lost as heat
what is the Na/K+ pump used for
in cell membranes
active transport
describe the process of phosphorylation
adding inorganic phosphate group to another molecule making it more reactive
what enzyme is used in the condensation reaction that produces ATP and water
ATP synthase
What 3 ways does the synthesis of ATP from ADP occur in
- photophosphorylation
(In chlorophyll contributing plant cells during photosynthesis) - oxidative phosphorylation
(In plant and animal cells during respiration) - substrate- level phosphorylation
(In plant and animal cells when phosphate groups are transferred from donor molecules to ADP)
What 5 energy- requiring processes is ATP used in
Metabolic processes
(E.g: making starch from glucose, polypeptides from amino acids)
Movement
(E.g: in contraction ATP provides energy for muscle filaments to slide past one another to shorten the length of the muscle fibre)
Active transport
(ATP provides energy to change shape of carrier proteins)
Secretion
(ATP forms lysosomes)
Activation of molecules
(ATP can be used to phosphorylate other compounds to make them more reactive lowering activation energy in enzyme catalysed reactions)
