cell cycle Flashcards
what happens in the G0 stage of the cell cycle
cell cycle arrests
list 3 reasons why cells enter the G0 phase
the cells are fully differentiated
damage to DNA in the cells
temporarily in G0 (memory cells)
what happens during the G1 stage of the cell cycle
the organelles replicate
transcription/translation
(these happen due to requiring proteins for replicating organelles)
size of the cell increases
(this ensure when the cell divides that the 2 daughter cells are correct size)
what happens during the S stage of the cell cycle
DNA synthesis
chromatin is replicated
what happens during the G2 stage of the cell cycle
energy stores are replaced
transcription/translation
chromosome repair
increases size of cell
what happens during the mitotic (M) phase
mitosis
chromosomes separate into 2 nuclei
cytokinesis
cell divides into 2
if a cell fails a check it leaves the cell and enters what stage
G0
what is cancer caused by
damage to genes that regulate mitosis and cell cycle
when damaged genes uncontrollably growth and divide, what does it form
tumour
what are the 2 types of tumour
benign
(grow slowly, more compact)
malignant
(grow rapidly, life threatening)
list the 3 factors that affect mitosis
- environment of the cell
- growth factor
- 2 types of gene
what is so different about mutated cells
structurally and functionally different
how does chemotherapy disrupts cells
inhibits metaphase in mitosis by inferring with spindle formation
prevents dna replication
what are the problems associated with using chemotherapy fort he treatment of cancer
- disrupts cell cycle of normal cells
hair producing cells are very vulnerable therefore that’s why most cancer patients lose their hair
