FINALSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSss Flashcards
1
Q
settlement houses
A
organizations that provided support services to the urban poor and European immigrants
usually run by women
2
Q
organizations that provided support services to the urban poor and
A
settlement houses
3
Q
new immigrants
A
southeasten european and asian wave
1890-1920
4
Q
southeastern european and asian wave
1890-1920
A
new immigrants
5
Q
yellow journalism
A
the use of lurid features and sensationalized news in newspaper publishing to attract readers and increase circulation in the 1890s
6
Q
the use of lurid features and sensationalized news in newspaper publishing to attract readers and increase circulation in the 1890s
A
yellow journalism
7
Q
Woman’s Christian Temperance Union
A
advocated for the prohibition of alcohol and was also active in other social reform causes such as women’s suffrage and education.
founded in November 1874
8
Q
advocated for the prohibition of alcohol and was also active in other social reform causes such as women’s suffrage and education.
founded in November 1874
A
Woman’s Christian Temperance Union
9
Q
Realism/naturalism
A
literature that depicts characters and settings as they would actually have existed, while naturalism concentrates on the biological, social and economic aspects
10
Q
literature that depicts characters and settings as they would actually have existed, while naturalism concentrates on the biological, social and economic aspects
A
Realism/naturalism
11
Q
City Beautiful movement
A
American urban-planning movement led by architects, landscape architects, and reformers that flourished between the 1890s and the 1920s
danoel hudson burnham
12
Q
American urban-planning movement led by architects, landscape architects, and reformers that flourished between the 1890s and the 1920s
danoel hudson burnham
A
City Beautiful movement
13
Q
Jane Addams settlement house
A
hull house
14
Q
hull house settlement house
A
jane addams
15
Q
activist who urged blacks to subordinate demands for political and equal rights, and concentrate instead on improving job skills and usefulness through manual labor
A
booker t washinton
16
Q
activist who urged blacks to subordinate demands for political and equal rights, and concentrate instead on improving job skills and usefulness through manual labor
A
booker t washinton
17
Q
founder of the NAACp
social change could be accomplished only through agitation and protest
top 10%
A
WEB du BOis
18
Q
WEB du BOis
A
founder of the NAACp
social change could be accomplished only through agitation and protest
top 10%
19
Q
An American author and humorist. Among his famous writings are The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and its sequel, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
A
mark twain
20
Q
An American author and humorist. Among his famous writings are The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and its sequel, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
A
mark twain
21
Q
Indian Appropriations Act allowed indigenous people to govern themselves and to maintain some of their cultural and social traditions in these
A
reservation system
22
Q
Indian Appropriations Act allowed indigenous people to govern themselves and to maintain some of their cultural and social traditions in these
A
reservation system
23
Q
In 1875, after gold was discovered in South Dakota’s Black Hills leading to the battle where Custer and some 200 men in his battalion were attacked by as many as 3,000 Native Americans; within an hour, Custer and all of his soldiers were dead
A
battle of little bighorn
24
Q
battle of little bighorn
A
In 1875, after gold was discovered in South Dakota’s Black Hills leading to the battle where Custer and some 200 men in his battalion were attacked by as many as 3,000 Native Americans; within an hour, Custer and all of his soldiers were dead
25
an effort to get rid of the ghost dance caused this battle where hundreds of Lakota killed
battle of wounded knee
26
battle of wounded knee
an effort to get rid of the ghost dance caused this battle where hundreds of Lakota killed
27
passed in 1887 under President Grover Cleveland, allowed the federal government to break up tribal lands.
dawes severalty act
28
dawes severalty act
passed in 1887 under President Grover Cleveland, allowed the federal government to break up tribal lands.
29
formed in 1892 by members of the Farmer's Alliance, this was designed to appeal to workers in all parts of the country
favored a larger role of government in American Society, a progressive income tax, and more direct methods of democracy
populist party
30
populist party
formed in 1892 by members of the Farmer's Alliance, this was designed to appeal to workers in all parts of the country
favored a larger role of government in American Society, a progressive income tax, and more direct methods of democracy
31
25th president of the United States who was an avid imperialist. In power during the spanish american war, Philippines War and annexed Hawaii and Alaska.
enacted a tariff to put a high duty on hawaiian sugar
william mckinley
32
william mckinley
25th president of the United States who was an avid imperialist. In power during the spanish american war, Philippines War and annexed Hawaii and Alaska.
enacted a tariff to put a high duty on hawaiian sugar
33
Congress had declared that the United States would not annex Cuba. This pledge was kept, although Cuba was forced in 1903 to sign a treaty making it virtually a protectorate of the United States.
teller amendment
34
teller amendment
Congress had declared that the United States would not annex Cuba. This pledge was kept, although Cuba was forced in 1903 to sign a treaty making it virtually a protectorate of the United States.
35
the name given to the First U.S. Volunteer Cavalry under the leadership of Theodore Roosevelt that fought in cuba
rough riders
36
rough riders
the name given to the First U.S. Volunteer Cavalry under the leadership of Theodore Roosevelt that fought in cuba
37
a series of cases decided from. 1901 to 1905 where the U.S. Supreme Court ultimately determined that the constitution and American rights did not have to apply to all American colonies
insular cases
38
insular cases
a series of cases decided from. 1901 to 1905 where the U.S. Supreme Court ultimately determined that the constitution and American rights did not have to apply to all American colonies
39
an agreement (1901) between the United States and Great Britain giving the United States the sole right to build a canal across Central America connecting the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.
Hay-Pauncefote Treaty
40
Hay-Pauncefote Treaty
an agreement (1901) between the United States and Great Britain giving the United States the sole right to build a canal across Central America connecting the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.
41
addition to the monroe dotrine which stated stated that not only were the nations of the Western Hemisphere not open to colonization by European powers, but that the United States had the responsibility to preserve order and protect life and property in those countries
Roosevelt Corollary
42
Roosevelt Corollary
addition to the monroe dotrine which stated stated that not only were the nations of the Western Hemisphere not open to colonization by European powers, but that the United States had the responsibility to preserve order and protect life and property in those countries
43
last sovereign of hawaii known for her resolute and peaceful resistance to the US businessmen who ended her reign and to the United States' annexation of Hawai'i during the 1890s
liliuokalani
44
liliuokalani
last sovereign of hawaii known for her resolute and peaceful resistance to the US businessmen who ended her reign and to the United States' annexation of Hawai'i during the 1890s
45
27th president of the US known for his Dollar diplomacy and trust buster
william taft
46
william taft
27th president of the US known for his Dollar diplomacy and trust buster
47
26th president from 1901-1908; considered the leader of the Progressive movement with his "Big Stick" diplomacy;
**cracked down on monopolies, food and drug regulations, and established many acres of land for national parks; he was an
imperialist and intervened on Central America's affairs to help support the interests of U.S.
teddy roosevelt
48
teddy roosevelt
26th president from 1901-1908; considered the leader of the Progressive movement with his "Big Stick" diplomacy;
**cracked down on monopolies, food and drug regulations, and established many acres of land for national parks; he was an
imperialist and intervened on Central America's affairs to help support the interests of U.S.
49
an agreement that was negotiated by President Theodore Roosevelt in 1908 with the Japanese government. The Japanese agreed to limit immigration, and Roosevelt agreed to discuss with the San Francisco School Board that segregation of Japanese children in school would be stopped.
gentlemen's agreement
50
gentlemen's agreement
an agreement that was negotiated by President Theodore Roosevelt in 1908 with the Japanese government. The Japanese agreed to limit immigration, and Roosevelt agreed to discuss with the San Francisco School Board that segregation of Japanese children in school would be stopped.
51
the religious wing of the progressive movement which had the aim of combating injustice, suffering and poverty in society.
social gosepl
52
social gospel
the religious wing of the progressive movement which had the aim of combating injustice, suffering and poverty in society.
53
in response to upton's sinclair's the jungle, the gov passed _____ which prohibited the sale of misbranded or adulterated food and drugs in interstate commerce and laid a foundation for the nation's first consumer protection agency, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
meat inspection act/pure food and drug act
54
meat inspection act/pure food and drug act
in response to upton's sinclair's the jungle, the gov passed _____ which prohibited the sale of misbranded or adulterated food and drugs in interstate commerce and laid a foundation for the nation's first consumer protection agency, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
55
case argued by louis d brandeis where the USSC upheld a law limiting the workday for female wage earners to ten hours.
Muller v Oregon
56
Muller v Oregon
case argued by louis d brandeis where the USSC upheld a law limiting the workday for female wage earners to ten hours.
57
the Supreme Court ruled that a New York law setting maximum working hours for bakers was unconstitutional
lochner v new york
58
lochner v new york
the Supreme Court ruled that a New York law setting maximum working hours for bakers was unconstitutional
59
created a central bank to to establish economic stability in the U.S. by introducing a central bank to oversee monetary policy.
federal reserve act
60
federal reserve act
created a central bank to to establish economic stability in the U.S. by introducing a central bank to oversee monetary policy.
61
pased by wilson, act created to prevent unfair methods of competition in commerce as part of the battle to “bust the trusts.
Federal Trade Commission Act
62
Federal Trade Commission Act
passed by wilson, act created to prevent unfair methods of competition in commerce as part of the battle to “bust the trusts.
63
. This law established an eight-hour day for all employees on trains involved in interstate commerce, with extra pay for overtime
first federal law regulating the hours of workers in private companies
Adamson Act
64
Adamson Act
This law established an eight-hour day for all employees on trains involved in interstate commerce, with extra pay for overtime
first federal law regulating the hours of workers in private companies
65
Mexican revolutionary and guerrilla leader who fought against the regimes of both Porfirio Díaz and Victoriano Huerta. After 1914 he engaged in civil war and banditry. He became notorious in the United States for his attack on Columbus, New Mexico, in 1916
pancho villa
66
pancho villa
Mexican revolutionary and guerrilla leader who fought against the regimes of both Porfirio Díaz and Victoriano Huerta. After 1914 he engaged in civil war and banditry. He became notorious in the United States for his attack on Columbus, New Mexico, in 1916
67
assassination that sparked ww1
austrian archduke franz ferdiand
68
german submarines
u-boats
69
u-boats
german submarines
70
British cruise liner traveling from New York to Liverpool, England sunk by u-boats, helping bring America into the war
Lusitania
71
Lusitania
British cruise liner traveling from New York to Liverpool, England sunk by u-boats, helping bring America into the war
72
german telegraph intercepted by american encouraging mexico to join the german cause in ww2 in exchange for land
helped bring A into the war
zimmerman note/telegraph
73
zimmerman note/telegraph
german telegraph intercepted by american encouraging mexico to join the german cause in ww2 in exchange for land
helped bring A into the war
74
The Court ruled that freedom of speech and freedom of the press under the First Amendment could be limited only if the words in the circumstances created "a clear and present danger.
upheld the espoinage act of 1917
schenck v United States
75
schenck v United States
The Court ruled that freedom of speech and freedom of the press under the First Amendment could be limited only if the words in the circumstances created "a clear and present danger.
upheld the espoinage act of 1917
76
Approximately six million Black people moved from the American South to Northern, Midwestern, and Western states roughly from the 1910s until the 1970s to escape racial violence, pursue economic and educational opportunities, and obtain freedom from the oppression of Jim Crow
great migration
77
great migration
Approximately six million Black people moved from the American South to Northern, Midwestern, and Western states roughly from the 1910s until the 1970s to escape racial violence, pursue economic and educational opportunities, and obtain freedom from the oppression of Jim Crow
78
fighting for the 19th amendment
female workers took jobs of men when they went off to war
pacifists, quakers
suffrage became a necessary war messure
79
part of Wilson's Fourteen Points and the first intergovernmental organization established “to promote international cooperation and to achieve international peace and security”
failed when the US failed to ratify the treary of versailles
league of nations
80
league of nations
part of Wilson's Fourteen Points and the first intergovernmental organization established “to promote international cooperation and to achieve international peace and security”
failed when the US failed to ratify the treary of versailles
81
treaty that ended ww2 and forced Germany and other Central Powers to take all the blame for World War I
US did not ratify
treaty of versailles
82
treaty of versailles
treaty that ended ww2 and forced Germany and other Central Powers to take all the blame for World War I
US did not ratify
83
A period during the early 20th century during which Americans grew afraid of a Communist takeover, caused by the Russian Revolution. Radicals and foreigners were targeted. Federal Bureau of Investigation
1st red scare
84
1st red scare
A period during the early 20th century during which Americans grew afraid of a Communist takeover, caused by the Russian Revolution. Radicals and foreigners were targeted. Federal Bureau of Investigation
85
closed the door on almost all new Asian immigration and shut out most southern and easten european immigrants due to quotas placed based on the population of 1890
Immigration Act of 1924
86
Immigration Act of 1924
closed the door on almost all new Asian immigration and shut out most southern and easten european immigrants due to quotas placed based on the population of 1890
87
provide enforcement for the Eighteenth Amendment
Volstead Act
88
Volstead Act
provide enforcement for the Eighteenth Amendment
89
a region of the Southern United States in all of which socially conservative Protestant Baptist Christianity plays a strong role in society.
bible belt
90
bible belt
a region of the Southern United States in all of which socially conservative Protestant Baptist Christianity plays a strong role in society.
91
a Protestant religious movement created in the early 1900s grounded in the belief that the Bible is a literal, historical text
fundamentalism
92
fundamentalism
a Protestant religious movement created in the early 1900s grounded in the belief that the Bible is a literal, historical text
93
artistic flowering of the “New Negro” movement as its participants celebrated their African heritage and embraced self-expression, rejecting long-standing—and often degrading—stereotypes.
Harlem Renaissance
94
Harlem Renaissance
artistic flowering of the “New Negro” movement as its participants celebrated their African heritage and embraced self-expression, rejecting long-standing—and often degrading—stereotypes.
95
Italian immigrants and anarchists who were controversially convicted of murder and armed robbery
executed later
Sacco and; Vanzetti
96
Sacco and; Vanzetti
Italian immigrants and anarchists who were controversially convicted of murder and armed robbery
executed later
97
court case that conrened the teaching of evolution and challeneged fudementalism
william jennigns bryan
scopes trial
98
scopes trial
court case that conrened the teaching of evolution and challeneged fudementalism
william jennigns bryan
99
founded Ford Motor Company and invented the famous Model T car.
henry ford
100
henry ford
founded Ford Motor Company and invented the famous Model T car.
101
founded of planned parenthood and promoter of birth control
Margaret Sanger
102
Margaret Sanger
founded of planned parenthood and promoter of birth control
103
modernist author famous for the great gatsby
f scott fitzgerald
104
f scott fitzgerald
modernist author famous for the great gatsby
105
modernist writer who won the Pulitzer Prize (1953) and the Nobel Prize in Literature (1954) for his novel The Old Man and the Sea
ernest hemingway
106
ernest hemingway
modernist writer who won the Pulitzer Prize (1953) and the Nobel Prize in Literature (1954) for his novel The Old Man and the Sea
107
poetry contributed significantly to the Harlem Renaissance and focused mainly on racial segregation and discrimination
langston hughes
108
langston hughes
poetry contributed significantly to the Harlem Renaissance and focused mainly on racial segregation and discrimination
109
failed measure to outlaw war
Kellogg-Briand Pact
110
Kellogg-Briand Pact
failed measure to outlaw war
111
Secretary of the Interior Albert Bacon Fall had leased Navy petroleum reserves at Teapot Dome in Wyoming, as well as two locations in California, to private oil companies at low rates without competitive bidding.
Teapot Dome scandal
112
Teapot Dome scandal
Secretary of the Interior Albert Bacon Fall had leased Navy petroleum reserves at Teapot Dome in Wyoming, as well as two locations in California, to private oil companies at low rates without competitive bidding.
113
under this, Germany's annual reparation payments would be reduced, increasing over time as its economy improved
Dawes Plan
114
Dawes Plan
under this, Germany's annual reparation payments would be reduced, increasing over time as its economy improved
115
black tuesday
stock market crash/start of great depression
116
stock market crash/start of great depression
black tuesday
117
The president of the United States from 1929 to 1932 The early years of his presidency brought about a great deal of prosperity for the United States. Many people blamed him for the stock market crash
Herbert Hoover
118
Herbert Hoover
The president of the United States from 1929 to 1932 The early years of his presidency brought about a great deal of prosperity for the United States. Many people blamed him for the stock market crash
119
Groups of dwellings for the homeless during the great depression
hoovervilles
120
hoovervilles
Groups of dwellings for the homeless during the great depression
121
jobless WWI veterans organized a group a march on Washington, DC to immediately get their bonus payment
Bonus Army
122
Bonus Army
jobless WWI veterans organized a group a march on Washington, DC to immediately get their bonus payment
123
1921- 1923, President who called for a return to normalcy following WWI. He had laissez-faire economic policies, and he wanted to remove the progressive ideals that were established by Wilson, in efforts to return to "normalcy". While in office, it was very corrupt, died in office.
Warren G. Harding
124
Warren G. Harding
1921- 1923, President who called for a return to normalcy following WWI. He had laissez-faire economic policies, and he wanted to remove the progressive ideals that were established by Wilson, in efforts to return to "normalcy". While in office, it was very corrupt, died in office.
125
1923-1929, replaced harding after his death. He was a pro-buisness president, and continued the laissez-faire policies of Harding.
the silent president
Calvin Coolidge
126
Calvin Coolidge
1923-1929, replaced harding after his death. He was a pro-buisness president, and continued the laissez-faire policies of Harding.
the silent president
127
series of programs, public work projects, financial reforms, and regulations enacted by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in the United States between 1933 and 1938.
New Deal
128
New Deal
series of programs, public work projects, financial reforms, and regulations enacted by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in the United States between 1933 and 1938.
129
the first _____ of the new deal which marked the beginning of economic reforms
hundred days
130
hundred days
the first _____ of the new deal which marked the beginning of economic reforms
131
a series of droughts in the mid west combined with non-sustainable agricultural practices led to devastating dust storms, famine, diseases and deaths related to breathing dust
dust bowl
132
dust bowl
a series of droughts in the mid west combined with non-sustainable agricultural practices led to devastating dust storms, famine, diseases and deaths related to breathing dust
133
a legislative initiative proposed by U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1937 to add more justices to the U.S Supreme Court with an aim of obtaining favorable rulings regarding New Deal legislation
court-packing plan
134
court-packing plan
a legislative initiative proposed by U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1937 to add more justices to the U.S Supreme Court with an aim of obtaining favorable rulings regarding New Deal legislation
135
was the thirty-second President of the United States. Elected to four terms in office, he served from 1933 to 1945, He was a central figure of the 20th century during a time of worldwide economic crisis and world war.
Franklin D Roosevelt
136
Franklin D Roosevelt
was the thirty-second President of the United States. Elected to four terms in office, he served from 1933 to 1945, He was a central figure of the 20th century during a time of worldwide economic crisis and world war.
137
Between 1935 and 1937 Congress passed three of these laws that tried to keep the United States out of war, by making it illegal for Americans to sell or transport arms, or other war materials to belligerent nations
neutrality acts
138
neutrality acts
Between 1935 and 1937 Congress passed three of these laws that tried to keep the United States out of war, by making it illegal for Americans to sell or transport arms, or other war materials to belligerent nations
139
called for an international "quarantine" against the "epidemic of world lawlessness" by aggressive nations
FDR
quarantine speech
140
quarantine speech
called for an international "quarantine" against the "epidemic of world lawlessness" by aggressive nations
FDR
141
name given to Britain's policy in the 1930s of allowing Hitler to expand German territory unchecked in an attempt to avoid war
appeasement
142
appeasement
name given to Britain's policy in the 1930s of allowing Hitler to expand German territory unchecked in an attempt to avoid war
143
agreement concluded by Germany, Italy, and Japan on September 27, 1940 which created a defense alliance and was largely intended to deter the United States from entering the conflict.
Tripartite Pact
144
Tripartite Pact
agreement concluded by Germany, Italy, and Japan on September 27, 1940 which created a defense alliance and was largely intended to deter the United States from entering the conflict.
145
night when German Nazis attacked Jewish persons and property
Kristallnacht
146
Kristallnacht
night when German Nazis attacked Jewish persons and property
147
approved by Congress in March 1941, had given President Roosevelt virtually unlimited authority to direct material aid such as ammunition, tanks, airplanes, trucks, and food to the war effort in Europe to be returned at the end of the war without violating the nation's official position of neutrality.
Lend-Lease Act/Bill
148
Lend-Lease Act/Bill
approved by Congress in March 1941, had given President Roosevelt virtually unlimited authority to direct material aid such as ammunition, tanks, airplanes, trucks, and food to the war effort in Europe to be returned at the end of the war without violating the nation's official position of neutrality.
149
brought the US into ww2
Dec 7, 1941
failed attempt by the japense to destroy a us military base in hawaii
Pearl Harbor
150
Pearl Harbor
brought the US into ww2
Dec 7, 1941
failed attempt by the japense to destroy a us military base in hawaii
151
leader of italy during ww2
mussolini
152
leader of germany during ww2
hitler
153
executive order 9066
created internment camps
154
created internment camps
executive order 9066
155
enlisted women for non-combat duties like nurses, cartography clerks, and secretaries
Women's Army Corps (WAC)
156
Women's Army Corps (WAC)
enlisted women for non-combat duties like nurses, cartography clerks, and secretaries
157
Some of the 216,000 women who enlisted in the armed services for noncombat duties; Navy branch.
WAVES (Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Service)
158
WAVES (Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Service)
Some of the 216,000 women who enlisted in the armed services for noncombat duties; Navy branch.
159
The Women's Reserve branch of Coast Guard established during WWII which also served similar purpose as WAVES but under different military division.
SPARS (Semper Paratus Always Ready
160
SPARS (Semper Paratus Always Ready
The Women's Reserve branch of Coast Guard established during WWII which also served similar purpose as WAVES but under different military division.
161
any of more than 400 Native American soldiers who transmitted sensitive wartime messages by speaking their native languages, in effect using them as codes.
code talkers
162
code talkers
any of more than 400 Native American soldiers who transmitted sensitive wartime messages by speaking their native languages, in effect using them as codes.
163
World War II naval battle, fought almost entirely with aircraft, in which the United States destroyed Japan's first-line carrier strength and most of its best trained naval pilots
turning poitn for the war in the pacfic
Battle of Midway
164
Battle of Midway
World War II naval battle, fought almost entirely with aircraft, in which the United States destroyed Japan's first-line carrier strength and most of its best trained naval pilots
turning poitn for the war in the pacfic
165
in World War II on which Allied forces invaded northern France by means of beach landings in Normandy.
turning point for the wae in europe
D-dAy
166
D-Day
in World War II on which Allied forces invaded northern France by means of beach landings in Normandy.
turning point for the wae in europe
167
end of ww2 in europe
V-E day
168
V-E day
end of ww2 in europe
169
the day (August 15) in 1945 on which Japan ceased fighting in World War II, or the day (September 2) when Japan formally surrendered.
V-J day
170
V-J day
the day (August 15) in 1945 on which Japan ceased fighting in World War II, or the day (September 2) when Japan formally surrendered.
171
Allied leaders Truman, Stalin and Churchill met in Germany to set up zones of control and to inform the Japanese that if they refused to surrender at once, they would face total destruction.
potsdam conference
172
potsdam conference
Allied leaders Truman, Stalin and Churchill met in Germany to set up zones of control and to inform the Japanese that if they refused to surrender at once, they would face total destruction.
173
Allied leaders Truman, Stalin and Churchill met in Germany to set up zones of control and to inform the Japanese that if they refused to surrender at once, they would face total destruction.
potsdam conference
174
unprecedented, top-secret World War II government program in which the United States rushed to develop and deploy the world's first atomic weapons before Nazi Germany
manhattan project
175
manhattan project
unprecedented, top-secret World War II government program in which the United States rushed to develop and deploy the world's first atomic weapons before Nazi Germany
176
Commander of the Allied Forces Southwest Pacific in World War 2
battle of the philipines
douglas macarthur
177
douglas macarthur
Commander of the Allied Forces Southwest Pacific in World War 2
battle of the philipines
178
planned and supervised two of the most consequential military campaigns of World War II: Operation Torch in the North Africa campaign in 1942–1943 and the invasion of Normandy
Dwight Eisenhower
179
Dwight Eisenhower
planned and supervised two of the most consequential military campaigns of World War II: Operation Torch in the North Africa campaign in 1942–1943 and the invasion of Normandy
180
33rd President of the United States. Led the U.S. to victory in WWII making the ultimate decision to use atomic weapons for the first time. Shaped U.S. foreign policy regarding the Soviet Union after the war.
harry truman
181
harry truman
33rd President of the United States. Led the U.S. to victory in WWII making the ultimate decision to use atomic weapons for the first time. Shaped U.S. foreign policy regarding the Soviet Union after the war.
182
an ongoing political rivalry between the United States and the Soviet Union and their respective allies that developed after World War II.
the cold war
183
the cold war
an ongoing political rivalry between the United States and the Soviet Union and their respective allies that developed after World War II.
184
an international organization founded in 1945 after the Second World War by 51 countries committed to maintaining international peace and security, developing friendly relations among nations and promoting social progress, better living standards and human rights.
united nation
185
united nation
an international organization founded in 1945 after the Second World War by 51 countries committed to maintaining international peace and security, developing friendly relations among nations and promoting social progress, better living standards and human rights.
186
a geopolitical strategic foreign policy pursued by the United States during the Cold War to prevent the spread of communism after the end of World War II
containment
187
containment
a geopolitical strategic foreign policy pursued by the United States during the Cold War to prevent the spread of communism after the end of World War II
188
the principle that the US should give support to countries or peoples threatened by Soviet forces or Communist insurrection. First expressed in 1947 by US President Truman in a speech to Congress seeking aid for Greece and Turkey
truman doctrine
189
truman doctrine
the principle that the US should give support to countries or peoples threatened by Soviet forces or Communist insurrection. First expressed in 1947 by US President Truman in a speech to Congress seeking aid for Greece and Turkey
190
United States program of economic aid for the reconstruction of Europe
marshall plan
191
marshall plan
United States program of economic aid for the reconstruction of Europe
192
military alliance of Western European powers and the United States and Canada established to defend against the common threat from the Soviet Union
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
193
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
military alliance of Western European powers and the United States and Canada established to defend against the common threat from the Soviet Union
194
began in 1950 when the Soviet-backed North Koreans invaded South Korea before meeting a counter-offensive by UN Forces, dominated by the United States. The war ended in stalemate in 1953.
Korean War
195
Korean War
began in 1950 when the Soviet-backed North Koreans invaded South Korea before meeting a counter-offensive by UN Forces, dominated by the United States. The war ended in stalemate in 1953.
196
created in 1938 to investigate alleged disloyalty and rebel activities on the part of private citizens, public employees and organizations suspected of having Communist ties.
House Un-American Activities Committee HUAC
197
House Un-American Activities Committee HUAC
created in 1938 to investigate alleged disloyalty and rebel activities on the part of private citizens, public employees and organizations suspected of having Communist ties.
198
a vociferous campaign against alleged communists in the US government and other institutions carried out under Senator Joseph McCarthy in the period 1950–54. Many of the accused were blacklisted or lost their jobs, although most did not in fact belong to the Communist Party.
McCarthyism
199
mccarthyism
a vociferous campaign against alleged communists in the US government and other institutions carried out under Senator Joseph McCarthy in the period 1950–54. Many of the accused were blacklisted or lost their jobs, although most did not in fact belong to the Communist Party.
200
provided many benefits to veterans of World War II. such as unemployment insurance and money for education and training provisions
GI Bill
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GI Bill
provided many benefits to veterans of World War II. such as unemployment insurance and money for education and training provisions
202
an extensive list of proposals for social reform legislation suggested by U.S. President Harry S. Truman in his State of the Union address to Congress on January 20, 1949. including an increase in the minimum wage from 40 to 75 cents an hour. national health insurance. expanded Social Security coverage, and. a $4 billion tax increase to reduce the national debt and finance these programs.
fair deal
203
fair deal
an extensive list of proposals for social reform legislation suggested by U.S. President Harry S. Truman in his State of the Union address to Congress on January 20, 1949. including an increase in the minimum wage from 40 to 75 cents an hour. national health insurance. expanded Social Security coverage, and. a $4 billion tax increase to reduce the national debt and finance these programs.
204
that part of the U.S. comprising most of the states of the South and the Southwest, characterized by a warm, sunny climate and regarded as an area of rapid population and economic growth
sunbelt
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sunbelt
that part of the U.S. comprising most of the states of the South and the Southwest, characterized by a warm, sunny climate and regarded as an area of rapid population and economic growth
206
the name of several large suburban housing developments created
levittown
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levittown
the name of several large suburban housing developments created
208
the increase in the birth rate between 1946 and 1964
baby boom
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baby boom
the increase in the birth rate between 1946 and 1964
210
sparked by rosa parks, civil rights protest during which African Americans refused to ride city buses in Montgomery, Alabama, to protest segregated seating, resulting in the Supreme Court ruling segregation on public buses unconstitutional
montgomery bus boycott
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montgomery bus boycott
sparked by rosa parks, civil rights protest during which African Americans refused to ride city buses in Montgomery, Alabama, to protest segregated seating, resulting in the Supreme Court ruling segregation on public buses unconstitutional
212
court case in 1954 that outlawed segregation in schools, overturning plessy v furgeson
Brown v. Board of Education
213
Brown v. Board of Education
court case in 1954 that outlawed segregation in schools, overturning plessy v furgeson
214
an organization of countries formed in 1961 to agree on a common policy for the production and sale of petroleum
Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)
215
Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)
an organization of countries formed in 1961 to agree on a common policy for the production and sale of petroleum
216
a 20th Century struggle between two nation-states, the Soviet Union (USSR) and the United States to reach outerspace first
space race
217
space race
a 20th Century struggle between two nation-states, the Soviet Union (USSR) and the United States to reach outerspace first
218
USSR rocketed to the lead in the Cold War's "Space Race" with the launch of a basketball-sized satellite that became the first manmade object to orbit the Earth.
sputnik
219
sputnik
USSR rocketed to the lead in the Cold War's "Space Race" with the launch of a basketball-sized satellite that became the first manmade object to orbit the Earth.
220
1st moon landing
apollo
221
apollo
1st moon landong
222
a group of writers that emerged in the 1950s to reject literary formalism and the American culture built on capitalism and materialism.
beat generation
223
beat generation
a group of writers that emerged in the 1950s to reject literary formalism and the American culture built on capitalism and materialism.
224
He produced what may have been known the bible of the Beat Generation: On the Road. His novel was an account of a cross-country automobile trip that depicted the rootless, iconoclastic lifestyle of him and his friends.
Jack Kerouac
225
Jack Kerouac
He produced what may have been known the bible of the Beat Generation: On the Road. His novel was an account of a cross-country automobile trip that depicted the rootless, iconoclastic lifestyle of him and his friends.
226
an abortive invasion of Cuba in April 1961 by some 1,500 Cuban exiles opposed to Fidel Castro. The invasion was financed and directed by the U.S. government
failed
bay of pigs
227
bay of pigs
an abortive invasion of Cuba in April 1961 by some 1,500 Cuban exiles opposed to Fidel Castro. The invasion was financed and directed by the U.S. government
failed
228
a direct and dangerous confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union during the Cold War and was the moment when the two superpowers came closest to nuclear conflict.
cuban missile crisis
229
cuban missile crisis
a direct and dangerous confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union during the Cold War and was the moment when the two superpowers came closest to nuclear conflict.
230
) was an American Christian minister, activist, and political philosopher who was one of the most prominent leaders in the civil rights movement from 1955 until his assassination in 1968
Martin Luther King Jr.
231
Martin Luther King Jr.
) was an American Christian minister, activist, and political philosopher who was one of the most prominent leaders in the civil rights movement from 1955 until his assassination in 1968
232
quarter of a million people rallied for a march for Jobs and Freedom to demand an end to segregation, fair wages and economic justice, voting rights, education, and long overdue civil rights protections.
march on washington
233
march on washington
quarter of a million people rallied for a march for Jobs and Freedom to demand an end to segregation, fair wages and economic justice, voting rights, education, and long overdue civil rights protections.
234
communist leader of vietnam
ho chi minh
235
ho chi minh
communist leader of vietnam
236
the youngest, most glamorous, and first Catholic president ever elected. He won the 1960 presidential election against Nixon. During his presidency, he sent the Green Beret (Marines) to Vietnam and he helped develop the Peace Corps.
john f kennedy
237
john f kennedy
the youngest, most glamorous, and first Catholic president ever elected. He won the 1960 presidential election against Nixon. During his presidency, he sent the Green Beret (Marines) to Vietnam and he helped develop the Peace Corps.
238
signed the civil rights act of 1964 into law and the voting rights act of 1965. he had a war on poverty in his agenda. in an attempt to win, he set a few goals, including the great society, the economic opportunity act, and other programs that provided food stamps and welfare to needy families.
Lyndon B. Johnson
239
Lyndon B. Johnson
signed the civil rights act of 1964 into law and the voting rights act of 1965. he had a war on poverty in his agenda. in an attempt to win, he set a few goals, including the great society, the economic opportunity act, and other programs that provided food stamps and welfare to needy families.
240
a person who challenged racial laws in the American South in the 1960s, originally by refusing to abide by the laws designating that seating in buses be segregated by race.
freedom riders
241
freedom riders
a person who challenged racial laws in the American South in the 1960s, originally by refusing to abide by the laws designating that seating in buses be segregated by race.
242
prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex or national origin
civil rights act of 1964
243
civil rights act of 1964
prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex or national origin
244
a domestic program in the administration of President Lyndon B. Johnson that instituted federally sponsored social welfare programs.
Great Society
245
Great Society
a domestic program in the administration of President Lyndon B. Johnson that instituted federally sponsored social welfare programs.
246
a 1964 voter registration drive aimed at increasing the number of registered Black voters
freedom summer
247
freedom summer
a 1964 voter registration drive aimed at increasing the number of registered Black voters
248
outlawed the discriminatory voting practices adopted in many southern states after the Civil War, including literacy tests as a prerequisite to voting
voting rights act of 1965
249
voting rights act of 1965
utlawed the discriminatory voting practices adopted in many southern states after the Civil War, including literacy tests as a prerequisite to voting
250
a movement in support of rights and political power for Black people, especially prominent in the US in the 1960s and 1970s.
emphasized black self-reliance and self-determination more than integration.
black power
251
black power
a movement in support of rights and political power for Black people, especially prominent in the US in the 1960s and 1970s.
emphasized black self-reliance and self-determination more than integration.
252
An African-American organization established to promote Black Power and self-defense through acts of social agitation
black panter
253
black panthers
An African-American organization established to promote Black Power and self-defense through acts of social agitation
254
uprising in support of equal rights for gay people sparked by an assault by off-duty police officers at a gay bar in New York
Stonewall Rebellion
255
Stonewall Rebellion
uprising in support of equal rights for gay people sparked by an assault by off-duty police officers at a gay bar in New York
256
Nixon's policy of withdrawing its troops and transferring the responsibility and direction of the war effort to the government of South Vietnam.
Vietnamization
257
Vietnamization
Nixon's policy of withdrawing its troops and transferring the responsibility and direction of the war effort to the government of South Vietnam.
258
a group of American soldiers tortured, raped, and/or killed more than five hundred civilians in a village in the South Vietnamese province of Quang Ngai
my lai
259
my lai
a group of American soldiers tortured, raped, and/or killed more than five hundred civilians in a village in the South Vietnamese province of Quang Ngai
260
Massacre of four college students by National Guardsmen on May 4, 1970, in Ohio. In response to Nixon's announcement that he had expanded the Vietnam War into Cambodia, college campuses across the country exploded in violence.
Kent State University Shooting
261
Kent State University Shooting
Massacre of four college students by National Guardsmen on May 4, 1970, in Ohio. In response to Nixon's announcement that he had expanded the Vietnam War into Cambodia, college campuses across the country exploded in violence.
262
Top-secret documents, published by The New York Times in 1971, that showed the blunders and deceptions that led the United States into the Vietnam War.
Pentagon Papers
263
Pentagon Papers
Top-secret documents, published by The New York Times in 1971, that showed the blunders and deceptions that led the United States into the Vietnam War.
264
Relaxation of tensions between the United States and its two major Communist rivals, the Soviet Union and China
détente
265
détente
Relaxation of tensions between the United States and its two major Communist rivals, the Soviet Union and China
266
It stated that the United States would honor its exisiting defense commitments, but in the future other countries would have to fight their own wars without support of American troops.
nixon doctrine
267
nixon doctrine
It stated that the United States would honor its exisiting defense commitments, but in the future other countries would have to fight their own wars without support of American troops.
268
The Court specifically held that: “Prior to any questioning, the person must be warned that he has a right to remain silent, that any statement he does make may be used as evidence against him, and that he has a right to the presence of an attorney, either retained or appointed.
miranda warning
269
miranda warning
The Court specifically held that: “Prior to any questioning, the person must be warned that he has a right to remain silent, that any statement he does make may be used as evidence against him, and that he has a right to the presence of an attorney, either retained or appointed.
270
governmental organization signed into law by Richard Nixon in 1970 designed to regulate pollution, emissions, and other factors that negatively influence the natural environment.
Enviormental Protection Agency (EPA)
271
Enviormental Protection Agency (EPA)
governmental organization signed into law by Richard Nixon in 1970 designed to regulate pollution, emissions, and other factors that negatively influence the natural environment.
272
congressional resolution designed to limit the U.S. president's ability to initiate or escalate military actions abroad (1973)
War Powers Act
273
War Powers Act
congressional resolution designed to limit the U.S. president's ability to initiate or escalate military actions abroad (1973)
274
Black Muslim minister in the Nation of Islam and an influential black leader who moved away from King's non-violent methods of civil disobedience
advocate for black power
malcolm x
275
malcolm x
Black Muslim minister in the Nation of Islam and an influential black leader who moved away from King's non-violent methods of civil disobedience
advocate for black power
276
Supreme Court decision ruled that an arrested individual is entitled to rights against self-incrimination and to an attorney under the 5th and 6th Amendments of the United States Constitution.
Miranda v. Arizona
277
Miranda v. Arizona
Supreme Court decision ruled that an arrested individual is entitled to rights against self-incrimination and to an attorney under the 5th and 6th Amendments of the United States Constitution.
278
The Court ruled that the school-sponsored prayer was unconstitutional because it violated the Establishment Clause.
Engel v. Vitale
279
Engel v. Vitale
The Court ruled that the school-sponsored prayer was unconstitutional because it violated the Establishment Clause.
280
1973 Cut off supply of oil as protest of U.S. support of Israel, The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries that placed an embargo on oil sold to Israel's supporters. Caused worldwide oil shortage and long lines at gas stations in the US.
OPEC oil embargo.
281
OPEC oil embargo.
1973 Cut off supply of oil as protest of U.S. support of Israel, The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries that placed an embargo on oil sold to Israel's supporters. Caused worldwide oil shortage and long lines at gas stations in the US.
282
Outspoken conservative movement of the 1980s that emphaszed such "social issues" as opposition to abortion, the Equal Rights Amendment, pornography, homosexuality, and affirmative action
new right
283
new right
Outspoken conservative movement of the 1980s that emphaszed such "social issues" as opposition to abortion, the Equal Rights Amendment, pornography, homosexuality, and affirmative action
284
Term referring to the simultaneous occurrence of low employment growth and high inflation in the national economy. The phenomenon characterized the economic troubles of the 1970s and posed both an intellectual challenge to economists and a policymaking challenge to government officials.
stagflation
285
stagflation
Term referring to the simultaneous occurrence of low employment growth and high inflation in the national economy. The phenomenon characterized the economic troubles of the 1970s and posed both an intellectual challenge to economists and a policymaking challenge to government officials.
286
various clandestine and illicit activities conducted by Nixon's aides, including the bugging of political opponents' offices, unauthorized investigations, and the misuse of government agencies for political purposes.
watergate
287
watergate
various clandestine and illicit activities conducted by Nixon's aides, including the bugging of political opponents' offices, unauthorized investigations, and the misuse of government agencies for political purposes.
288
the Supreme Court decided that the right to privacy implied in the 14th Amendment protected abortion as a fundamental right.
roe v wade
289
roe v wade
the Supreme Court decided that the right to privacy implied in the 14th Amendment protected abortion as a fundamental right.
290
limited the total of both the Us and Russias nuclear forces to 2,250 delivery vehicles and placed a variety of other restrictions on deployed strategic nuclear forces, including MIRVs.
SALT II
291
SALT II
limited the total of both the Us and Russias nuclear forces to 2,250 delivery vehicles and placed a variety of other restrictions on deployed strategic nuclear forces, including MIRVs.
292
The 444 days in which American embassy workers were held captive by Iranian revolutionaries after young Muslim fundamentalists overthrew the oppressive regime of the American-backed shah, forcing him into exile.
iranian hostage crisis
293
iranian hostage crisis
The 444 days in which American embassy workers were held captive by Iranian revolutionaries after young Muslim fundamentalists overthrew the oppressive regime of the American-backed shah, forcing him into exile.
294
President of the United States who was appointed vice president when Spiro Agnew resigned in the fall of 1973. He succeeded to the presidency upon Nixon's resignation in August 1974 and focused his brief administration on containing inflation and reviving public faith in the presidency.
gerald ford
295
gerald ford
President of the United States who was appointed vice president when Spiro Agnew resigned in the fall of 1973. He succeeded to the presidency upon Nixon's resignation in August 1974 and focused his brief administration on containing inflation and reviving public faith in the presidency.
296
A conservative female political activist. She stopped the ERA from being passed, seeing that it would hinder women more than it would help them
Phyllis Schlafly
297
Phyllis Schlafly
A conservative female political activist. She stopped the ERA from being passed, seeing that it would hinder women more than it would help them
298
President of the United States who was a peanut farmer and former governor of Georgia, he defeated Gerald Ford in 1976. As President, he arranged the Camp David Accords between Egypt and Israel in 1978 but saw his foreign policy legacy tarnished by the Iranian Revolution and hostage crisis in 1979.
Jimmy Carter
299
Jimmy Carter
President of the United States who was a peanut farmer and former governor of Georgia, he defeated Gerald Ford in 1976. As President, he arranged the Camp David Accords between Egypt and Israel in 1978 but saw his foreign policy legacy tarnished by the Iranian Revolution and hostage crisis in 1979.
300
A constitutional amendment originally introduced in Congress in 1923 and passed by Congress in 1972, stating that "equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of sex." Despite public support, the amendment failed to acquire the necessary support
equal rights amendment
301
equal rights amendment
A constitutional amendment originally introduced in Congress in 1923 and passed by Congress in 1972, stating that "equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of sex." Despite public support, the amendment failed to acquire the necessary support
302
reform-minded journalists, writers, and photographers in the Progressive Era in the United States (1890s–1920s) who claimed to expose corruption and wrongdoing in established institutions, often through sensationalist publications.
muckrakers
303
muckrakers
reform-minded journalists, writers, and photographers in the Progressive Era in the United States (1890s–1920s) who claimed to expose corruption and wrongdoing in established institutions, often through sensationalist publications.
304
upton sinclair
the jungle
305
ida tarbell
the history of the standard iil company
306
jacob riis
how the other half lives
307
a social and cultural phenomenon that emerged in the 1960's characterized by a rejection of mainstream values and a rebellion against the traditional social, political, and cultural norms of the time.
hippies/counter culture
308
hippies/counter culture
a social and cultural phenomenon that emerged in the 1960's characterized by a rejection of mainstream values and a rebellion against the traditional social, political, and cultural norms of the time.
309
a political term that describes a minority of the youth in the mid 1960's who focused on self-fulfillment, the underprivileged and working class, and those who questioned authority.
new left
310
new left
a political term that describes a minority of the youth in the mid 1960's who focused on self-fulfillment, the underprivileged and working class, and those who questioned authority.
311
a conflict that lasted from 1955 to 1975 and was fought primarily in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia. The causes of the war can be traced back to the end of World War II and the rise of Cold War tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union.
vietnman war
312
vietnman war
a conflict that lasted from 1955 to 1975 and was fought primarily in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia. The causes of the war can be traced back to the end of World War II and the rise of Cold War tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union.
313
a student protest that started as the Free Speech movement in California and spread around the world. shared an opposition to war in Vietnam and condemned U.S. presence there. They claimed this was violating Vietnam's rights.
anti-war protests
314
anti-war protests
a student protest that started as the Free Speech movement in California and spread around the world. shared an opposition to war in Vietnam and condemned U.S. presence there. They claimed this was violating Vietnam's rights.
315
Congress has the power to establish an income tax
a. 1913
16th ammendment
316
16th ammendment
Congress has the power to establish an income tax
a. 1913
317
Direct election of senators
a. 1913
17th emendment
318
emendment
Direct election of senators
a. 1913
319
Prohibition of alcoholic beverages (production, sale, distribution)
a. 1919
18th ammendment
320
18th ammendment
Prohibition of alcoholic beverages (production, sale, distribution)
a. 1919
321
Right to vote given to women
a. 1920
19th ammenfment
322
19th ammendment
Right to vote given to women
a. 1920
323
324
Elected officials take office in January; lame duck period
a. 1933
20rh ammendment
325
20th ammednment
Elected officials take office in January; lame duck period
a. 1933
326
Repeal of prohibition
a. 1933
21st ammendment
327
21st ammendment
Repeal of prohibition
a. 1933
328
Limited Presidential terms to 2
a. 1951
22nd ammendment
329
22nd ammendment
Limited Presidential terms to 2
a. 1951
330
Right to vote given to citizens living in Washington, D.C.
a. 1961
23rd ammendment
331
23rd ammendment
Right to vote given to citizens living in Washington, D.C.
a. 1961
332
Prohibits a poll tax
a. 1964
24th ammendment
333
24th ammendnemtn
Prohibits a poll tax
a. 1964
334
Presidential succession; new VP appointed by new President
a. 1967
25th ammendment
335
25th ammendment
Presidential succession; new VP appointed by new President
a. 1967
336
Voting age set at 18 years old
a. 1971
26th ammendment
337
26th ammenndment
Voting age set at 18 years old
a. 1971
