Chapter 23 Flashcards by Gwen Aron

election of 1868

repubs:
Grant
platform: maintain military reconstruction
“waving the bloody shirt”
dems:
Horatio Seymour
against military reconstruction
split over greenbacks vs gold
Grant won
freedmen gave grant the edge

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ohio idea

redemption of greenbacks supported by poorer Dems

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Jubilee Jim Fisk and Jay Gould

tried to get Frant to hold back gold so they could price it up
Grant released it anyway

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Tweed Ring (Boss Tweed)

used bribery, graft and fradulent elections to gain 200 mil
nytimes secured evidence and the boss crumbled

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credit mobilier scandal (1872)

railroad insiders created a group and hired themselves at inflated prices to build the railroad line
distributed stock to congressmen and VP

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whiskey ring

robbed treasury of mils in excise tax revenue
grant’s secretary involved

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liberal republicans

reform-minded people created the party
wanted the purification of washington
end military reconstruction

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election of 1872

liberal repubs nominated Horace Greely
supported by dems
“clasping hands across the bloody chasm”
repubs renominated grant
repubs denounced greely as a vegetarian, athiest
dems said grant was a drunkard, swindler
grant won

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panic of 1873 causes

bankers made too many loans and credit failed
overdevlopment

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proponets of inflation

greenbacks or silver
agrarian and debtors
more $ = cheaper $ = rising prives and easier to pay debts

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proponets of hard money

creditors
didnt want their loans to be paid back in depreciated money
persuaded GRant to veto a bill printing more greenbacks
backlash helped elect a Dem House

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panic of 1873 effects

15000 A businesses went bankrupt
Freedmen’s Savings and Trust COmpany went under
Resumption Act
Contraction
money per capita decreased

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Resumption Act of 1875

further withdrawal and redemption of all paper currency in gold

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contraction

treasury began to accumalate gold stocks and reduct amount of greenbacks
worsened the impact of the depression

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politics in the gilded age

elections were competitive
only a few signigicant economic issues separated the parties
ethnic and cultural differneces caused the msot amount of divides b/w parties
voter turnouts were at a high
patronage

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republican party characteristics

traced lineage to puritans
believed gov should play a role in regulating the economic and moral affairs in society
electoral base in Mid W, rural NE, freedmen in S
division over patronage

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democratic party characteristics

immigrant lutherans and roman catholics
took a less stern view of human weakness
toleration of differences in an imperfect world
electoral base in S and N industrial cities
supported patronage

patronage

giving jobs in return for votes and party service

stalwarts

supported patroange
repub faction swapped civil-service jobs for votes

half-breeds

repub faction that fought with stalwards over who should get spoils
possible civil service reform

election of 1876

stalwarts and half-breeds came together to nominate Rutherford B Hayes
Dems: Samuel J Tilden
Tilden got 184/185 needed votes
20 votes in 4 states doubtful bc of irregular returns
impass

compromise of 1877

election was decided w/ the Electoral Count Act
8 repubs and 7 dem votes in florida
dems agreed hayes could take office if he withdrew federal troops from S
repubs assured dems patronage and support for bill subsidizing the Texas and Pacific railroad’s construction

end of reconsruction

compromise of 1877
repubs ended commitment to racial equality
civil rights act of 1875: failed to give = accomodations in public places and prohibit raical discrimination

jim crow S

white dem “redeemers” reassumed political power in the S
sharecropping
blacks that tried to assert their rights faced violence, eviction and uneployment
jim crow laws
literary requirements, voter-registration laws, poll tax, intimidation

jim crow laws

informal segregation legal codes

plessy v ferguson (1896)

SC validated segregation "separate but equal"

railroad workers go on strike

4 main railroad companies tried to cut wages by 10% troops brought in caused more support work stoppages spread failure of the strike showed the govs intervention on the side of the railroads

racial and ethnic issues among workers

irish and chinese chinese came to A for gold and some stayed Dems Kearney had followers abused chinese resented competition for labor chinese exclusion act

chinese exclusion act

1882 prohibited further immigration from china

garfield and arthur

repub candidate James A Garfield w/ VP Chester A Arthur barely knoen repub factions dueled and Garfieled was killed by Charles Guriteau pendleton act

pendelton act

1883 civil service reform made compulsory campaign contributions from federal employees illegal established the civil service comission to give jobs based on marit politicians turned to big coporatiosn for funding

election of 1884

repub nominee James G Blaine some reformers went to dems dems nominated reformer Grover Cleveland personalities not principles claimed the headlines clebeland won

cleveland in office

pro laissez faire vetoed a bill to provide seeds for drought ravaged farmers gave 2 former confeds cabinet positions fired almost 2/3 of 120000 federal employees including 40000 repubs to make room for dems

cleveland wants a lower tariff

treasury had a surplus of 145 mil lower tariff = lower prices consumers, less protection for monopolies, and end to the surplus dems mad

election of 1888

dems renominated tariff after lower tariff repubs nominated benjamin harrison riased 3 mil from nervous industrists liberty part gen james b weaver lost: laboreres didnt like the banner in appreciabe numbers and S didnt vote them bc of race harrison won

the billion dollar congress

congress showered pensions on CW and increased purchases on silver passed the mckinely tariff act to raise rates woe to farmers (more expensive goods, world market unprotected)

populist party

denounced governmental unjustice demanded inflation through free and unlimitated silver coins called for a graduated income tax, gov owenership of telegraph, railroads and telephone, and direct election of POTUS nominated gen b weaver

homestead strike

at Carnegie's homestead steel plant, company officials called in 300 detectives and it turned violent troops sent and finally ended

grandfather clause

exemoted literacy texts and poll taxes from anyone whose forbear had voted in 1860 almost eliminated the black vote

depression of 1893

causes: overbuilding, over speculation, labor disorders, agricultiral depression, silver damaged A's credit abroud 1000s of business colapsed and gold reserve plumeted repeal of the Sherman SIlver Purchase Act turned to JP morgan for a loan of 65 mil wilson-goman tariff barely made a dent and had a 2% income tax that didnt go through

tammany hall

boss tweed political machine