Chapter 23

Question 1

election of 1868

Answer 1

repubs:
Grant
platform: maintain military reconstruction
“waving the bloody shirt”
dems:
Horatio Seymour
against military reconstruction
split over greenbacks vs gold
Grant won
freedmen gave grant the edge

Question 2

ohio idea

Answer 2

redemption of greenbacks supported by poorer Dems

Question 3

Jubilee Jim Fisk and Jay Gould

Answer 3

tried to get Frant to hold back gold so they could price it up
Grant released it anyway

Question 4

Tweed Ring (Boss Tweed)

Answer 4

used bribery, graft and fradulent elections to gain 200 mil
nytimes secured evidence and the boss crumbled

Question 5

credit mobilier scandal (1872)

Answer 5

railroad insiders created a group and hired themselves at inflated prices to build the railroad line
distributed stock to congressmen and VP

Question 6

whiskey ring

Answer 6

robbed treasury of mils in excise tax revenue
grant’s secretary involved

Question 7

liberal republicans

Answer 7

reform-minded people created the party
wanted the purification of washington
end military reconstruction

Question 8

election of 1872

Answer 8

liberal repubs nominated Horace Greely
supported by dems
“clasping hands across the bloody chasm”
repubs renominated grant
repubs denounced greely as a vegetarian, athiest
dems said grant was a drunkard, swindler
grant won

Question 9

panic of 1873 causes

Answer 9

bankers made too many loans and credit failed
overdevlopment

Question 10

proponets of inflation

Answer 10

greenbacks or silver
agrarian and debtors
more $ = cheaper $ = rising prives and easier to pay debts

Question 11

proponets of hard money

Answer 11

creditors
didnt want their loans to be paid back in depreciated money
persuaded GRant to veto a bill printing more greenbacks
backlash helped elect a Dem House

Question 12

panic of 1873 effects

Answer 12

15000 A businesses went bankrupt
Freedmen’s Savings and Trust COmpany went under
Resumption Act
Contraction
money per capita decreased

Question 13

Resumption Act of 1875

Answer 13

further withdrawal and redemption of all paper currency in gold

Question 14

contraction

Answer 14

treasury began to accumalate gold stocks and reduct amount of greenbacks
worsened the impact of the depression

Question 15

politics in the gilded age

Answer 15

elections were competitive
only a few signigicant economic issues separated the parties
ethnic and cultural differneces caused the msot amount of divides b/w parties
voter turnouts were at a high
patronage

Question 16

republican party characteristics

Answer 16

traced lineage to puritans
believed gov should play a role in regulating the economic and moral affairs in society
electoral base in Mid W, rural NE, freedmen in S
division over patronage

Question 17

democratic party characteristics

Answer 17

immigrant lutherans and roman catholics
took a less stern view of human weakness
toleration of differences in an imperfect world
electoral base in S and N industrial cities
supported patronage

Question 18

patronage

Answer 18

giving jobs in return for votes and party service

Question 19

stalwarts

Answer 19

supported patroange
repub faction swapped civil-service jobs for votes

Question 20

half-breeds

Answer 20

repub faction that fought with stalwards over who should get spoils
possible civil service reform

Question 21

election of 1876

Answer 21

stalwarts and half-breeds came together to nominate Rutherford B Hayes
Dems: Samuel J Tilden
Tilden got 184/185 needed votes
20 votes in 4 states doubtful bc of irregular returns
impass

Question 22

compromise of 1877

Answer 22

election was decided w/ the Electoral Count Act
8 repubs and 7 dem votes in florida
dems agreed hayes could take office if he withdrew federal troops from S
repubs assured dems patronage and support for bill subsidizing the Texas and Pacific railroad’s construction

Question 23

end of reconsruction

Answer 23

compromise of 1877
repubs ended commitment to racial equality
civil rights act of 1875: failed to give = accomodations in public places and prohibit raical discrimination

Question 24

jim crow S

Answer 24

white dem “redeemers” reassumed political power in the S
sharecropping
blacks that tried to assert their rights faced violence, eviction and uneployment
jim crow laws
literary requirements, voter-registration laws, poll tax, intimidation

Question 25

jim crow laws

Answer 25

informal segregation legal codes

Question 26

plessy v ferguson (1896)

Answer 26

SC validated segregation
“separate but equal”

Question 27

railroad workers go on strike

Answer 27

4 main railroad companies tried to cut wages by 10%
troops brought in caused more support
work stoppages spread
failure of the strike showed the govs intervention on the side of the railroads

Question 28

racial and ethnic issues among workers

Answer 28

irish and chinese
chinese came to A for gold and some stayed
Dems Kearney had followers abused chinese
resented competition for labor
chinese exclusion act

Question 29

chinese exclusion act

Answer 29

1882
prohibited further immigration from china

Question 30

garfield and arthur

Answer 30

repub candidate James A Garfield w/ VP Chester A Arthur
barely knoen
repub factions dueled and Garfieled was killed by Charles Guriteau
pendleton act

Question 31

pendelton act

Answer 31

1883
civil service reform
made compulsory campaign contributions from federal employees illegal
established the civil service comission to give jobs based on marit
politicians turned to big coporatiosn for funding

Question 32

election of 1884

Answer 32

repub nominee James G Blaine
some reformers went to dems
dems nominated reformer Grover Cleveland
personalities not principles claimed the headlines
clebeland won

Question 33

cleveland in office

Answer 33

pro laissez faire
vetoed a bill to provide seeds for drought ravaged farmers
gave 2 former confeds cabinet positions
fired almost 2/3 of 120000 federal employees including 40000 repubs to make room for dems

Question 34

cleveland wants a lower tariff

Answer 34

treasury had a surplus of 145 mil
lower tariff = lower prices consumers, less protection for monopolies, and end to the surplus
dems mad

Question 35

election of 1888

Answer 35

dems renominated tariff after lower tariff
repubs nominated benjamin harrison
riased 3 mil from nervous industrists
liberty part gen james b weaver
lost: laboreres didnt like the banner in appreciabe numbers and S didnt vote them bc of race
harrison won

Question 36

the billion dollar congress

Answer 36

congress showered pensions on CW and increased purchases on silver
passed the mckinely tariff act to raise rates
woe to farmers (more expensive goods, world market unprotected)

Question 37

populist party

Answer 37

denounced governmental unjustice
demanded inflation through free and unlimitated silver coins
called for a graduated income tax, gov owenership of telegraph, railroads and telephone, and direct election of POTUS
nominated gen b weaver

Question 38

homestead strike

Answer 38

at Carnegie’s homestead steel plant, company officials called in 300 detectives and it turned violent
troops sent and finally ended

Question 39

grandfather clause

Answer 39

exemoted literacy texts and poll taxes from anyone whose forbear had voted in 1860
almost eliminated the black vote

Question 40

depression of 1893

Answer 40

causes: overbuilding, over speculation, labor disorders, agricultiral depression, silver damaged A’s credit abroud
1000s of business colapsed and gold reserve plumeted
repeal of the Sherman SIlver Purchase Act
turned to JP morgan for a loan of 65 mil
wilson-goman tariff barely made a dent and had a 2% income tax that didnt go through

Question 41

tammany hall

Answer 41

boss tweed political machine