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APUSH > Chapter 35 > Flashcards

Chapter 35 Flashcards

1
Q

the leaders of the Allied countries gathered to plan the final defeat and division of Nazi Germany and the future of europe

A

yalta conference
feb 1945

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2
Q

meeting to make financial arrangements for the postwar world after the expected defeat of Germany and Japan. established the IMF and encouraged world trade

A

Bretton Woods Conference
july 1944

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3
Q

international organization where the world’s nations can. gather together, discuss common problems. and find shared solutions

A

united nations

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4
Q

Nazi Germany leaders stood trial for crimes against peace, war crimes, crimes against humanity,

A

nuremburg war crimes trial
1945-1946

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5
Q

United States and United Kingdom response to blockade of Berlin by Stalin by flying food and fuel to Berlin from Allied airbases in western Germany

A

berlin airlift
hune 1948

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6
Q

written by George Kennan, the concept held that rusia was relentlessly expansionary, but cautious, so it could be contained

A

containment doctrine
1947

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7
Q

established that the United States would provide political, military and economic assistance to all democratic nations under threat from external or internal authoritarian forces (immediately to Greece and turkey)

A

Truman Doctrine, 1947

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8
Q

a joint U.S. program providing aid to Western Europe following the devastation of World War II.

A

Marshall Plan
huly 1947

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9
Q

organization created between north A and european countries to attack others that attacked one of them

A

north atlantic treaty organization (NATO)
april 1949

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10
Q

document recomending that the US quadruple its defense spending

A

national security council memorandum number 68 (NSC-68)

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11
Q

the house created this to investigate and identify subversion and comm. theats to the US

A

house un-american activities committee (HUAC)

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12
Q

to the period of time in American history that saw a senator of Wisconsin produce a series of investigations and hearings during the 1950s in an effort to expose supposed communist infiltration of various areas of the U.S. government.

A

mccarthyism

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13
Q

a series of televised hearings held by the United States Senate’s Subcommittee on Investigations to investigate conflicting accusations between the United States Army and U.S. Senator Joseph McCarthy.

A

army-mccarthy hearings
(April–June 1954)

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14
Q

presidential command to desegregate the military

A

executive order 9981
1948

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15
Q

act that placed restricutions on labor unions such as outlawed closed shops, made them liable for damages done from jurisdictional disputes among themselves, and required union leaders to take a non-comm oath

A

taft-hartley act
1947

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16
Q

failed CIO’s attempt to unionize S textile and steel workers

A

operation dixie
1948

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17
Q

act that made it gov policy to promote max emploument, production and purchasing power and established the council of economic advisers

A

emplyment act of 1946

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18
Q

a federal effort to provide financial and social benefits to World War II veterans after they returned home

A

GI bill
1944

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19
Q

program created by truman to improve housing, create full employment, create a national health insurance, riase the min wage, improve farm price supports, produce new TVAs, and extend social security

A

fair deal
1949

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20
Q

that part of the U.S. comprising most of the states of the South and the Southwest, characterized by a warm, sunny climate and regarded as an area of rapid population and economic growth

A

sun belt

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21
Q

name of several large suburban housing developments created in the United States. Built after World War II for returning white veterans and their new families

A

levittown

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22
Q

huge leap in birthrate in the decade and a half after 1945

A

baby boom

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23
Q

leader of the nationalist party in china

A

jiang jieshi

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24
Q

leader of the communist party in china who overtakes the nationalistic gov

A

mao zedong

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25
wrote the containment doctrine
geroge f kennan
26
secretary of state who created the economic plan to help w europe reconstruct after ww2
georce c marshall
27
wisconsin senator famous for his anti-comm activities
joeseph mccarthy
28
protestant clergyman who was a vocal enemy of facism, communism, and pacism in the 40s and 50s and divided the world into camps: "children of darkness" and "children of light"
Reinhold Niebuhr
29
American pediatrician[1] and left-wing political activist who wrote many book such as The Common Sense Book of Baby and Child Care.
benjamin spock
30
who was truman
no college education farmer, military, haberdasher, judge put his "missouri gang" in office authentic, probid, old fashioned, few pretentions
31
yalta conference
nations tested each other assigned ocupation zones poland would have a dem, alomg w/ bullgaria and romania united nations stalin agreed to attack japan in exchange fpr some of j's territory and china but they werent needed critics mad at the sellout of china fdr's defenders said that stalin would take more if nto checked nothing set in stone
32
beef with su
communism v capitalism us didnt recongize the SU till 16 yrs after it was created a andn brit delayed 2nd front didnt include su in plan to create atomic bomb a terminated the lend-lease bill and didnt lend them money for reconstructio
33
differnces b/w su and us
stalin wanted above all the security of his nation wanted friendly govs to border hoim a viwed the spheres of influence as an empire fdr wanted a decolonized, demilitarized, and democrized wiorld
34
bretton woods conference
1944 w allies established the internation monetary fund to encourage world trade founded the internation bank for reconsruction and development in war-ravaged and underdevoped nations general agreement on tariffs and trade (GATT) us took the lead increating them and supplied most of the funds su and the spheres of influence duid not participate
35
un conference
april 1945 un made during the war to capatlize on international cooperation un provided that no member of the securtiy council (big five) could take action w/out its consent vs the LN where anyone could vote ujn presymed a great power ca\ooperation vs ln's greatn power conflict general assembly for smaller nations helped achieve peace in kashmir and iran created influence fuided former colonies into independence UNESCO, FAO, WHO lsot the ability to tame the nucelar beast when us and stalin coundltn agree on plant
36
nuremburg war crimes trial
accusations of committing crimes against the laws of war and humanity and okitting aggressiions cibtrarty to treaty pledges 22 nazi eladers 12 were hung 1 suicife critics said that the trials wasnt right bc the kaws werent there athte begining of the war
37
problem of germany
su wanted repreations but allies refused to let their sections give them all of their money some as wanted to rid it of its industrial system germ divided into 4 zones occupied by the allues w germ became an independent country e germ became a satellite state 1948: blockade on berlin berlin airfligt
38
containing the su
containment doctrine disput over troops in iran solved truman doctrine money to turkey and greece to halp them keep a dem gov marshall plan
39
marshall plan
france, italy, germ in danger of being takn over by comm. parties bc of economic issues sstemming from ww2 marshall invded them to get together and create a joint plan for economic revocery 12.5 bil over 4 yrs in 16 countries offer extended to comm nations if they changed their pplocies, so they refused success: w/in a few yrs euripe was exceeding their prewar outputs and comm. parties in w europe lost ground
40
problem of iol
access to oil in mid e crucial for europen crevocery and us economy araab pil cointries oposed teh the creation of israel truman defyed arab wrath and objections of state and defense departments to recongixe isreal -syppathuy towards holocaust survivors, preemt su influence, retain support of jewish voters
41
national security act
1947 created the department of dencfe pentago nwe cabinet officer: secreaty of defense chief joint of staff under him national securtiy council (nsc) to advise pres on securtiy measures Central intelligence agency (CIA)
42
america begins to ream
"voices of america" broadcasts behind the iron curtain congress reserrected draft NATO national security act
43
NATO
eng, fr, belgium, netherlands, luxembourg, and us joined the north atlantic treaty organization (NATO) us joined bc it stregthened the containment of su provided the framweork for the reintergraion of germ and reasured the europans treay signed in huly 1949 1st peace time permant alliance
44
reconstructing japan
done underr ,acarthur j war crimianls tried and sentenced to death or imrposimnet j cooperated maca dictated new const: renounced militarism, provded for womens =, and introduced a dem style of gov paved tje way fpr j's rose as a global power
45
reconstructing china
civil war b/w nationalists and comm a supported the nat goc of generalismo jiang jieshi against his struggle agaisnt the comms under mao zedong corruption in nationalist reign corroded the confidence of the peeps and jieshi fled comms took over and created the people's republic of china repubs msde bc they thought the comms in the gov withheld aid
46
arms race
sep 1949: su exploded 1st atomic bomb tru orfered the development of the h-bomb even after dissaproval from openhimer and einstein openheimer led a team 1952: 1st us h-bomb 1953: 1st su h-bomb
47
probkkems in korea
after j collapesed, both su and a wanted reunifcation and independece of korea 1949: both armies withdrew but the regimes didnt like each ohter june 1950: N kor crossed the 38th // and invaded S kor expansion of d military under advice from national security couclin memorandum number 68 truman took advantage of temporary siu absence from un security council to label n kor as the aggressor un called for its members to assist in restogin peace truman sent troops
48
national security council memorandum number 68 (NSC-68)
massive military 3.5 mil men $50 bil/yr on the defense budget marked a major step in the minitarization of a foreign policy rested on teh assumption that the economy could bear the stain w/out strain
49
korean war
maca launched an amphibious landing behind enemmy lines at inchon n kor fled back to 38th // chinese fell upon maca's overxtend lines githting came to a talemate near the 38th maca wanted to retaliate, but tru and gov didnt want to enlarge the war truman fired maca after he trash talked him july 1951: truce negotioatins started byt were snagged on the issue of prisoner exchange
50
the anti-red chase
many as feared comm spies were undermining the gov tru kaunched the loyalty program loyalty boartd investigated 3 mil fed employees but mo indictments loyalty oaths 11 comm. tried for and sentenced for violating the smith act and their convictions were upheald in dennis v united states un-american activies committee mixon v hiss and hiss eas convicted of purgury julius and ethel rosenberg sentenced to death for selling atomic secrets to su conservative politicans found that social change could be "tarred" w/ red drove debots, drunks, and gays from their jobs as slowly realized it was becoming a witchung
51
mccarthy
accused sec of state den acheson of knowlingly employing 205 comms, but couldnt name 1 repubs realised the benefits of attacking the dem admini mccar denounced marshall ruined careers w/ accusations controlled the policies of the state department at his peak deprived gov of asian specialsists demagad a's international reputaion for a fair and open dem army-mccarthy televised hearings senat formally condemnded him
52
cold war shaping a culture
many as interpretted the cold war as a secular b/w good and evil reinhold neihbur emophasis on religious beliefs as a part of the "american way" "under god" in the pledge radical voices muzzeled civil rights executive order 9981
53
the hurting economy
jovlessness lead to increased suicides and dampened the marriage rate sexual depression veterans in bread lines gross national product sluumoted in 46 and 47 prices increased w.out wartime restrictions stikes
54
labor unions
taft-hartley act labor leaders condemnded the act as a slave labor law outlawed closed shop made unions liable for damages caused over battling jurisdicitons required union leaders to take a non-comm oath operation dixie failed anti-comm purging removed some of teh best labor leaders workers in teh service industry harder to organize
55
forestalling the economic downturn
employment act of 1946 gi bill
56
employment act of 1946
policy made the gov promot max employment, produciton and purchasing paower created a 3 member council of economic advisers to provied the prs w/ data and recommendations to make the polucy possivle
57
gi bill
gave the veterans monetary relief and made provisions for sending them to schools 8 mil advanced their education spent $14.5 bil eduaction ket the veterans admini gaurantee $16 bil in loans for houses, farms, and small buisnesses
58
the election of 1948
repubs won control of congress in 1946 in repubs nominated thomas dewey truman renominated despite s opposition s dems nominated storm thurmond henry wallave nominated by the prgressive party division of dems almost garunteed deweys win truman gave 300 speeches lashign out at the taft-hartley law, repub vongress, and created support for civil rights, labor benefits and health insurance truman wins and dems recontroll congress "point four" inaugration speech fair deal
59
the economy booms
1950-1970 national income more than doubled prosperity paved the wway for the success pf the civil rights movement, funded new welfare programs, and gave As confidence for leadership in teh cold wae 2 cars per home, washing machines, tvs middle class became 60% of th epop more owned their homes
60
women
more employment in offfices and shops good majority of jobs went to women as the service industry grew pop culture still glorided the traditional role of homemaker and mom
61
causes of prosperity
military budget cheaper energy increased producitivty changes in economic structure
62
military budget
ww2 and korean war called for a larger military budget fired up factories and rebui;t the economy defense spending new inovations in space, plastics, and electronics industries
63
cheap energy
companies kept prices low w/ petroleum as soubled their energy consumption ac and highways created a 6fold increase in as electrictiy generating capacity
64
increased productivity
producvivy increased each yr increased eduation in teh work force could produce twice as much in 1 hr productivity doubled as standard of living
65
changes in teh economic structure
workforce out of agriculture giant agricultural business mechanization, tractors, fertlizers
66
migrations
3 mil peeps changed residences each yr distance divided fams spock's books instructed parents friendships harder to sustain w/ fluid neighborhoods growth of the sunbelt
67
the sunbelt
increased its pop rate 2X as ne cali became the most popolous state peeps came in shearch of jobs, lower taxes, and better weather abundance of jobs fed $ accounted for much of the sunbelts prosperity
68
rush to the suburbs
gov policies encouraged movement away from cities federal housing admini and certerans admini home loans homes more appealing than apartments tax deducitons on intererst rattes for homes higheays allowed for cuommuters construction besiness booms levittowns had 100s or 100s of dwelligns in a single project houses built in record time left cities black, brown, and broke businesses went sith customers to suburbs in 1st mal;s segregated neighborhoods fha refused to give blacks mortgages worsened segregation and increased wealth gap
69
baby boom
more marriages 50 mil babies by the end of the 1950s baby wave creasted in 57 oversized genration strianed and distorted many aspects of a lives maturing babies created economic shockeaves 50s: baby products industry boomed 60s: clothing and rock music 70s: jeans 80s: fought in job market 90s: another baby boom as the boomers reached middle aged
70
end of ww2
us comes out on top no damage to mainland went in better prepared new crew of military leaders fdr and churchill more men, weapons, machines, tech and $
71
clashing similarities b/w su and us
isolationism history of mistionary diplomacy
72
big 5
france, eng, china, us, su

APUSH (35 decks)

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