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CVM710: Anatomy > Final (Questionnaire questions) > Flashcards

Final (Questionnaire questions) Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the outer conformation of a bone

A
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2
Q

What is a nutrient foramen?

A

a small opening in the shaft of a long bone that allows blood vessels to pass through and deliver nutrients and oxygen to the bone

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3
Q

Describe the concepts of agonist and antagonist muscle

A

Antagonist: Muscle(s) that oppose the agonist muscles action.

Agonist: Muscle(s) that produces an action.
In this group the main muscle can be named as primer mover.

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4
Q

Describe the concepts of a synergist muscle and fixator

A

Synergist: Helper muscle(s) of the agonist muscles.

Fixator: Muscle(s) that “fix” a joint preventing the movement.

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5
Q

Name the bony structures/joints that can be palpated in the thoracic limb (10)

A

-Humeral joint
-Greater tubercle of the humerus(point of shoulder)
-Acromion and spine of scapula
-Deltoid tuberosity
-lesser tubercle of the humerus
-Cubital joint
-coronoid process of the ulna
-head of radius
-olecranon
-medial styloid process of radius/lateral styloid of ulna
-medial/lateral epicondyles of humerus
-Metacarpophalangeal, proximal interphalangeal and distal interphalangeal joint

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6
Q

Understand where the extensors and flexor muscles for the shoulder joints are located

A

flex: teres minor, teres major, deltoideus, long head of tricep

extend: supraspinatus, bicep brachii

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7
Q

Describe the actions and position of the muscles and tendons in the antebrachium and manus

A

look at notes–thats alot to write

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8
Q

Understand the concepts of axial and abaxial

A

axial: all surfaces point towards the axial

abaxial: away from axis

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9
Q

Explain the concept of center of ossification and apply it in different bones as coxal, femur

primary vs. secondary

A

Primary center of ossification:
Before birth, located in the diaphysis

Secondary: After birth, located in epiphysis and large eminences

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10
Q

Describe the bones that form the carpus

A
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11
Q

In the tarsus put special attention in structures that are close related with flexor tendons

A

past study guide mentions calcanean tuber

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12
Q

Name the bones using an Xray of the manus and the pes

A

use Illinois x-rays

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13
Q

Describe a given vertebra, indicating the names of the foramina that you can find in different vertebral segment: cervical

A

Lateral vertebral foramen and transverse foramen of the ATLAS (c1)

transverse foramen on C2-C6

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14
Q

Describe some important differences in the bones of dogs and cats in the thoracic limb

6 main differences

A

humerus of cat : supracondylar foramen

scapula of cat: hamate and suprahamate process to make the acromion & larger coracoid process

clavicle present (floating)

radius: articular circumference more extensive

digits: distal phalax when claw is retracted is axial or abaxial to middle phalanx

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15
Q

What is the position of the valves in the heart during systole and diastole?

A

systole: Mitral and Tricuspid are closed
Aortic and Pulmonary valves open

diastole:Mitral and Tricuspid are open
Aortic and Pulmonary valves closed

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16
Q

Name the large arterial and venous vessels found in the thorax. Indicate what areas are drained by the different veins.

A

Exam 2 bible page 10

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17
Q

Name the main branches of the brachial a

A
  1. deep brachial a.
  2. bicipital a.
  3. collateral ulnar a.
  4. superficial brachial a.
  5. transverse cubital a.
  6. common interosseous a.
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18
Q

Identify the superficial veins in the thoracic limb

A

omobrachial v.
axillobrachial v.
cephalic v.
medial cubital v.
accessory cephalic v.

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19
Q

Describe the formation of a spinal nerve

A

Dorsal horn–>Dorsal root–> spinal ganglion
&
Ventral horn–> ventral root

these meet to make a spinal nerve

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20
Q

Differentiate among roots, spinal nerve
and branches and the different fibers that run in each structure

A

dorsal: sensory or afferent (goes towards CNS); GSA

ventral: motor or efferent (goes towards muscle or gland) GSE

lateral: GVE and GVA

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21
Q

Identify the nerves in charge of flexion and extension of the carpal joints

A

Flex: median n. and ulnar n.

extend: radial n.

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22
Q

Name the branches of the abdominal aorta in order from cranial to caudal

A

phrenicoabdominal
celiac
cranial mesenteric
renal
gonad
deep circumflex iliac
external iliac
internal iliac
median sacral

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23
Q

Name the branches of the femoral a

A
  1. superficial circumflex iliac
  2. lateral circumflex iliac
  3. proximal caudal femoral
  4. saphenous
  5. middle caudal femoral
  6. descending genicular
  7. distal caudal femoral
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24
Q

Define intercostal nerve

A

There are thoracic spinal nerves (T3-T12) that splits into dorsal and ventral branch–ventral branches= intercostal nerve

motor and cutaneous sensory
–motor to: external/internal intercostal, transverse thoracic and rectus abdominis

–lateral cutaneous br: skin
–ventral cutaneous br: skin near sternum

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25
Q

What nerve is responsible for the adduction of the coxal joint and therefore the pelvic limb

A

Obturator nerve is motor to:
external obturator
pectineus
gracilis
adductors

innervates adductors of the pelvic limb*

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26
Q

Describe the vagal nerve in the thorax mentioning the organs close related

double check

A

dorsal vagal: stomach, spleen, pancreas, kidney, small/large intestine until transverse colon

ventral vagal: stomach and spleen

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27
Q

Describe the adrenal glands including the location of these glands.

A

*retroperitoneal
*craniomedially to kidney’s cranial pole
*small size compared to kidneys

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28
Q

Name the mammary glands from cranial to caudal

A
  1. Thoracic
  2. Abdominal
  3. Inguinal
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29
Q

Describe the position and the organs related (attached) to the lesser and greater omentum

membranes of the central mesentery that connects the stomach with the liver

A

lesser omentum

hepatogastric and hepatoduodenal ligament

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30
Q

Using the 9 abdominal regions, indicate where is the normal location of the different parts of the stomach.

A

Left hypochondrium: Fundus of stomach
Xiphoid: Body of stomach
Right hypochondrium: Pylorus of stomach

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31
Q

Describe the pancreas and its ducts indicating what peritoneal membranes are related with the right and left lobes.

A

right lobe: in mesoduodenum
left lobe: within deep leaf of greater omentum
body: near pylorus

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32
Q

Describe the position and conformation (lobes) of the liver.

A

– Right lateral (RL)
– Right medial (RM)
– Quadrate (Q)
– Left medial (LM)
– Left lateral (LL)
– Caudate:
* Caudate process (CP)(impression of R kidney)
* Papillary process (PP)

Right lobes= Right hypochondrium
Liver/gallbladder= Xiphoid
Left lobes= Left hypochondrium

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33
Q

Observing an Xray identify: Kidneys, liver, stomach, spleen, colon and urinary bladder

A

Stomach: orange
spleen: pink
Left kidney: black
Right kidney: light orange
duodenum: light blue
colon: dark blue

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34
Q

Describe the conformation of the penis including fibrous and erectile tissue. Relate those tissues with the erectile muscles of the penis

A

Erectile tissue of penis:
1. corpus cavernosum penis(fills w blood upon erection)
2. corpus spongiosum penis
3. corpus spongiosum glandis of bulbus glandis
4. corpus spongiosum glandis of the pars longa glandis

erectile muscle of penis:
bulbospongiosus m.
ischiocavernosus m.
retractor penis m.

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35
Q

Identify the membranes/ligaments that support the ovary, uterine tube

A
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36
Q

Describe the blood supply of the spleen and its relationship with the stomach

A

SPLEEN is in superficial leaf of greater omentum

Splenic a. branches from the Celiac a.

Splenic a. branches into:
1. left gastromental a.(greater curve and omentum of stomach)

  1. short gastric( fundus of stomach)
  2. pancreatic branches (left lobe of pancreas)
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37
Q

Make a list of abdominal organs that are drain directly via caudal vena cava and the organs that are drain using the portal vein system.

A

remember that left testicular vein drains into left renal vein

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38
Q

Name in the correct order the structures where the spermatozoid needs to pass from its formation to the exterior during an ejaculation.

A

1.Seminiferous Tubules
2. Rete Testis
3. Efferent Ductules
4.Epididymis (head–> body–> tail)
5. Ductus Deferens
6. prostate
7.urethra
8. External urethral orifice

39
Q

Describe the maxillary nerve in the infraorbital canal and importance of this nerve during nerve block in dental procedures

A

maxillary nerve splits into infraorbital n.

infraorbital n. innervates upper lip, teeth, nose and gums (important for a dental procedure)

40
Q

Indicate the olfactory nerves pathways from the receptors to the olfactory bulb.

Indicate what bony structure and foramina must be crossed.

A

olfactory receptors, CN 1, into cribriform plate, olfactory bulb

sense of smell bypasses the thalamus

41
Q

Name the teeth using the modified triadan numeric system

A
42
Q

Describe the periorbita and its content (eye muscles, optic nerve, ophthalmic
vessels).

Name the vessels, nerves and salivary gland that are close related and ventrally located to the periorbita

A

periorbita: Fascia that encapsule the extrinsic
muscles that moves the eye, periorbital adipose tissue, vessels and nerves

ventral to the periorbita: zygomatic gland, maxillary nerve and artery

43
Q

Describe the major salivary glands, paying special attention to the location of the salivary ducts.

A
44
Q

What is the action of the dorsal cricoarytenoid muscle?

A

abduct/open the glotis

innervated by the caudal laryngeal n.

45
Q

Given a particular movement of the eyes, describe the eye muscles and the motor nerves that are participating in that specific moment

List Rectus and Oblique muscles

A

Dorsal rectus=oculomotor nerve CN III
Ventral rectus= oculomotor nerve CN III
Medial rectus= oculomotor nerve CN III
Lateral rectus= abducens nerve CN VI
Ventral oblique= oculomotor nerve CN III
Dorsal oblique= trochlear nerve CN IV

46
Q

Name the general sensory, special sensory (taste) and motor nerves related with the
innervation of the tongue.

A
47
Q

What is the main action of the recurrent laryngeal nerve? Where is it origin and location?

A

branch of the vagus

Right: around right subclavian
Left: around aortic arch

motor and sensory to the larynx; if damages there is hemiparalysis

48
Q

Describe the veins that drain the head. Put special attention to the origin and location of the external jugular vein

A
49
Q

what does the facial v. drain

A

lips, facial, nasal area

50
Q

what does the lingual v. drain

A

drain the oral cavity and tongue

51
Q

what 2 veins make up the external jugular v.

A

linguofacial v.
maxillary v.

52
Q

Major salivary glands

Runs in a horizontal direction, superficial to the masseter m. Penetrate the buccinator m. to open into the buccal vestibule at the level of the 4th superior pre-molar

A

Parotid duct

53
Q

Runs in the sublingual space, opens in the sublingual caruncle.

A

Mandibular duct

54
Q

connects the ovary to the abdominal wall in proximities to the caudal pole of the kidneys

A

*Suspensory ligament of the ovary

55
Q

short & dense lig. that connects the caudal pole of the ovary with the cranial extremity of the uterine horn

A

*Proper ligament of the ovary

56
Q

band of connective tissue that extends from the ovary to the inguinal canal

A

*Round ligament of the uterus

57
Q

Describe the bones that form the tarsus.

A

-metatarsal bones
-phalanges

58
Q

describe the internal confirmation of bones

A

spongey bone= full of bone marrow
compact bone(cortex)= very strong

59
Q

what are the 3 parts/layers of the adrenal gland

A

Capsule
Cortex
medulla

60
Q

where does the Left gastromental (gastroepiploic) artery of the splenic artery go to/supply

A

to the left side of great gastric curvature and great omentum

61
Q

where does the Short gastric arteries of the splenic artery go to/supply

A

to the fundus of the stomach

62
Q

where does the Pancreatic branches of the splenic artery

A

To the left lobe of pancreas

63
Q

Observing an Xray identify: Kidneys, liver, stomach, spleen, colon and urinary bladder

A

green:liver
orange: stomach
pink: spleen
light orange: right kidney
black: left kidney
blue: colon
yellow: bladder

64
Q

Observing an Xray identify: Kidneys, liver, stomach, spleen, colon and urinary bladder

A

green:liver
orange: stomach
pink: spleen
light orange: right kidney
black: left kidney
blue: colon
yellow: bladder

duodenum is the greyish/black squiggly thing behind the stomach

65
Q

Describe the position and the organs related (attached) to the lesser and greater omentum:

connects the greater curvature of the stomach, spleen, and initial part of the duodenum

A

greater omentum

deep leaf: encloses left lobe of pancreas

superficial leaf: greater curve of stomach

66
Q

Understand where the extensors and flexor muscles for the elbow joints are located

A

flex: biceps brachii, brachialis

extend: triceps brachii, tensor facia antebrachii, anconeus

67
Q

Describe a given vertebra, indicating the names of the foramina that you can find in different vertebral segment: thoracic and lumbar

A

there are no transverse foramen, there are transverse processes

68
Q

Describe a given vertebra, indicating the names of the foramina that you can find in different vertebral segment: sacral

A

there is also ventral sacral foramina

69
Q
A

proximal metatarsophalanx sesamoid bones

70
Q

what duct is this:

empties at major duodenal papilla

A

pancreatic duct

71
Q

what duct is this:

empties at minor duodenal papilla

A

accessory pancreatic duct

72
Q

is the pancreatic duct or accessory pancreatic in cat

A

pancreatic duct is ALWAYS in cats

accessory is only in 20% of cats

73
Q

bone forms directly within a sheet of connect tissue; no cartilage

A

intramembranous ossification
(like in skull)

74
Q

cartilaginous plate remains between and separates adjacent centers until bone is mature

A

endochondral ossification (primary and secondary)

75
Q

what kind of bone:
no dimension that greatly exceeds the other

no medullary cavity

A

short bone

76
Q

what kind of bone:

3 centers of ossification; one for the diaphysis and one for each epiphysis

with a medullary cavity

A

long bone (humerus, femur)

77
Q

what kind of bone:

expands in 2 directions, no medullary cavity

A

flat (like in skull)

78
Q

4 bones that develop from separate center of ossification within a single cartilage plate

A

os coxae (ischium, ilium, acetabular, pubis)

79
Q

Identify the membranes/ligaments that support the ovary, uterine tube and uterus:

broad ligament parts

A

mesosalpinx
mesovarium
mesometrium

80
Q

Identify the membranes/ligaments that support the ovary, uterine tube and uterus:

double plica of peritoneum which maintains ovary, uterine tube, and uterus in position –contains vessels and nerves

A

broad ligament

81
Q

peritoneal space that encloses the ovary and formed by extension of mesovarium and mesosalpinx

A

ovarian bursa

82
Q

the sustentaculum tali is part of the calcaneus or the talus

A

calcaneus

83
Q

layers of the uterus

A

perimetrium(visceral)
myometrium( smooth muscle)
endometrium (uterine mucosa)

84
Q

what muscle contracts for ejaculation

A

bulbospongiosus m

85
Q

erection

parasympathetic or sympathetic

A

parasympathetic

86
Q
A

orange: hepatoduodenal ligament

blue: hepatogastric ligament

87
Q

what is pointed to in red

A

adipose capsule of kidney

88
Q
A

supracondylar foramen of cat humerus

**bony canal for median nerve and brachial artery

89
Q

what muscle apart of the crus in present in cats but not dogs

A

soleus m.

90
Q

what nerves are involved in the corneal reflex

A

afferent: nasocilliary, V1
efferent: abducen CN VI

91
Q

In the PNS, axons are referred to as

A

nerves or root

92
Q

What horn is GVE of SNS

A

lateral horn

93
Q

what horn is GVE of PSNS

A

ventral horn

94
Q

afferent is always _____ horn

A

dorsal

CVM710: Anatomy (54 decks)

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