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CVM710: Anatomy > exam 1: axial skeleton > Flashcards

exam 1: axial skeleton Flashcards

1
Q
  • Interspinous ligg.
  • Flavum ligg. (elastic)
  • Apical lig. of the dens (atlatoaxial joint)
  • Alar ligg. (atlatoaxial joint)
  • Transverse lig. of the atlas (atlatoaxial joint)

are these short or long ligaments of vertebral column?

A

Short ligaments of the vertebral column

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2
Q
  • Supraspinous lig.
  • Nuchal lig. (elastic)
  • Dorsal longitudinal lig.
  • Ventral longitudinal lig.

are these short or long ligaments of vertebral column?

A

large ligaments of the vertebral column

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3
Q

what kind of joint are immobile and are when bones are united by dense CT

A

fibrous joints

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4
Q

Sindesmosis

A
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5
Q

this kind of joint is semi-mobile and bone are united by cartilage

A

cartilaginous joint (symphysis)

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6
Q

this kind of joint is mobile and is filled with fluid

A

synovial joint

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7
Q

what kind of joint is in between articular processes of the Vertebral Column

A

Synovial joint(s)

-Pivot(Trochoid)
- Plane

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8
Q

what kind of joint are:
Atlantooccipital joint
Atlantoaxial joint

A

Synovial joints

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9
Q

Between the vertebral arches of a neighbored
vertebrae, a space
named ____________ is formed

A

interarcual space

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10
Q

Between the vertebral arches of a neighbored vertebrae, a space
named interarcual space is formed.

That space is closed with a short and strong elastic ligament or _____________

A

flavum ligament

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11
Q

what Lig. that joint the most dorsal end of all spinous processes

Except in the cervical region

A

Supraspinous lig (syndesmosis)

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12
Q

what membranous Lig. that joint the caudal border
of a spinous process with the cranial border
of the spinous process of the caudal vertebra.

Except in the cervical region

A

Interspinous lig (Syndesmosis)

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13
Q

what is this

A

Nuchal ligaments

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14
Q

Elastic lig. Is the continuation of the
supraspinous lig. in the cervical region in dogs.

Prevent the fatigue of theepaxial mm. of the neck

Absent in cats

A

Nuchal ligaments

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15
Q

Band of connective tissue that runs in a
cranio-caudal direction dorsal to the vertebral bodies.

Attaches to the
vertebrae and the vertebral discs

A

Dorsal longitudinal lig. (Syndesmosis)

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16
Q

Wide band of connective tissue that runs in a
cranio-caudal direction ventral to the vertebral
bodies.

Attaches to the vertebrae and the vertebral discs

A

Ventral longitudinal lig ((Syndesmosis)

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17
Q

a fibrocartilage cushion that joint two vertebral bodies together.

Is classified as symphysis.

Is formed by a fibrous ring with a central gelatinous
mass or nucleus pulposus that act as a shock absorbing system

A

Intervertebral disc

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18
Q

what synovial joint resist the compression of the vertebral bodies

A

Nucleus pulposus

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19
Q

what synovial joint contain the nucleus pulposus and keep the vertebral bodies together

A

Fibrous ring

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20
Q

Costotransverse joint is what kind of joint

A

synovial- plane

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21
Q

Costovertebral joint is what kind of joint

A

synovial-plane

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22
Q

what is 1 and 2 of the ribs

A
  1. tubercle
  2. head
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23
Q

what kind of joint is between costal tubercle of the rib & transverse process of the vertebra.

Both bones have the same number

e.g: Rib 7 with Vertebra T7
Rib #7

A

Costotransverse joint

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24
Q

wha kind of joint among the head of the rib& the costal fovea of the same number of vertebra and the costal fovea of the cranial vertebra

A

costovertebral joint

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25
Q

T/F The last 3 thoracic vertebrae have only a cranial costal fovea in their
bodies

A

true

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26
Q

what does the red arrow point to

A

intercapital lig

Ligament that connects
the heads of the corresponding ribs from right and left sides.

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27
Q

Vertebral column: dog formula

A

C7, T13, L7, S3, Cd20–23

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28
Q

body surmounted by an arch that completes the enclosure of a vertebral
foramen

A

Typical vertebra

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29
Q

what is red representing
what is blue representing

A

red: arch
blue: body

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30
Q

what are the green parts
what are the purple parts

A

green: lamina
purple: pedicle

31
Q

The bases of the pedicles are __________ , and when
successive bones articulate, these notches combine to
outline intervertebral foramina

A

The bases of the pedicles are notched, and when
successive bones articulate, these notches combine to
outline intervertebral foramina

32
Q

what is the teal part
what are the pink parts

A

teal: spinous process
pink: transverse process

33
Q

what is highlighted in red

A

Articular processes
(cranial & Caudal)

34
Q

Label 1-4 on the body of the veterbrae

A
  1. dorsal surface
  2. cranial surface (convex)
  3. median crest (centrally)
  4. caudal surface (concave)
35
Q

The summation of the vertebral foramina constitutes the vertebral _____

A

canal

36
Q

is wider in cervical and lumbar regions and narrows in thoracic and sacral segments.

Contain the spinal cord, roots of the spinal nerves,
meninges, cerebrospinal fluid, vessels and adipose
tissue that filles the epidural space.

A

Vertebral canal

37
Q

list the boundaries of intervertebral foramen

A
  1. Articular processes
    (cranial & Caudal)
  2. pedicle
  3. Intervertebral disc
38
Q

label 1-4 on the cervical vertebrae

A
  1. atlas
  2. axis
  3. 3-6 cervical vertebras
  4. 7th vertebra
39
Q

Identify 1-5 of the atlas

A
  1. alar notch
  2. wing
  3. fovea dentis
  4. transverse foramen
  5. laterial vertebral foramen
40
Q

what is being pointed to

A

wing of atlas

41
Q

what vertebrae is this

A

axis

42
Q

Label 1-6 of the Axis

A
  1. spinous process
  2. Dens (odontoid process)
  3. transverse foramen
  4. Median crest
  5. Transverse process
  6. Caudal articular process
43
Q

Label 1-6 on the vertebrae of 3-6 cervical vertebrae

A
  1. Cranial articular process
  2. spinous process (small)
  3. Caudal articular process
  4. Transverse foramen
  5. Median crest
  6. Doble Transverse process
44
Q

what is being pointed to

A

Lamina ventralis

45
Q

Label 1-5 of C7

A
  1. Spinous process
    In a vertical position
  2. Caudal articular process
  3. Costal fovea To articulate with the head of rib#1
  4. Transverse process is
    simple
  5. Cranial articular process
46
Q

Does C7 have a transverse foramen

A

NO

47
Q

Label 1-6 on the Thoracic vertebrae

A
  1. spinous process
  2. Caudal articular process
  3. Body with costal foveae
  4. Transverse process with a costal fovea
  5. Mamillary process
  6. Cranial articular process
    Small flat surfaces
48
Q

how many pairs of ribs are in a dog/cat

A

13 pairs

49
Q

_________ are
arranged in pairs and
generally articulate with two successive vertebrae: the caudal one is that with the same numerical designation

A

the ribs

50
Q

Label 1-7 on the rib

A
  1. tubercle
  2. head
    3.neck
    4.angle
  3. body
  4. costal cartilage
  5. costochondral junction
51
Q

The first 1- 9 ribs are known as ___________ribs, because they articulate
directly with the sternum

A

sternal or “true”

52
Q

Ribs 10-13 are the______________ ribs, because they don’t articulate directly with sternum.

A

asternal or “false”

53
Q

The last pair of ribs #13 ____________ ribs. The ventral end of these ribs do not
joint with any cartilage or bone.

A

floating

54
Q

The cartilages of the
asternal ribs combine to
form the

A

costal arch

55
Q

what is the most cranial part of the sternum

A

Manubrium

56
Q

Label the 3 parts of the sternum

A
  1. Manubrium- Articulate with the first costal cartilages
  2. Body of the bone is composed of several
    segments (sternebrae)
  3. Xiphoid process & cartilage
57
Q

what is being pointed to

A

Sternebrae

58
Q

what is the all encompassing term for what is highlighted in yellow

A

“Thoracic cage”

59
Q

what is the yellow arrow pointing to

A

Cranial thoracic aperture
or thoracic inlet

60
Q

what 3 things make up the thoracic inlet

A

1.bodies and disc of C7-T1 vertebrae

  1. first ribs and costal cartilages
  2. manubrium of the
    sternum
61
Q

The thoracic inlet is an open and narrow space for the

A

passage of
vessels, nerves, trachea,
esophagus among others

62
Q

what is outlined in red

A

Caudal thoracic
aperture or thoracic outlet

63
Q

what 3 things make up the
thoracic outlet

A
  1. the bodies and disc
    between the T13-L1 vertebrae
  2. last ribs, costal arches
  3. xiphoid process.
64
Q

The thoracic outlet is closed by the

A

diaphragm

65
Q

label 1-4 of the Lumbar vertebrae

A
  1. Cranial articular process
    mamillary process
  2. Transverse process
  3. spinous process
  4. Caudal articular process
66
Q

what is being pointed to

A

Transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae

67
Q

what are the blue arrows pointing to

what are the red stars representing

A

blue: mamillary processes

red: Accesory processes

68
Q

how many sacral vertebrae do dogs have

A

3

69
Q

label 1-5 on the sacrum
(dorsal)

A

1.Cranial articular processes

2.Wing of the sacrum with
auricular articular surface
of the ilium

  1. spinous processes
  2. Caudal articular processes
  3. Dorsal sacral foramina
70
Q

label 1-4 of the sacrum (ventral)

A
  1. Promontory
  2. Wing of the sacrum with
    auricular articular surface
  3. Caudal articular processes
  4. Ventral sacral foramina
71
Q

what is being pointed to in blue

A

Hemal arch

72
Q

what is the removal of the tail called

where do we cut

A

caudectomy

between 5 and 6

73
Q

Label 1-5 of the sacrum

A
  1. Rudimentary articular processes
  2. Spinous processes
  3. Vertebral canal
  4. Wing of the sacrum with
    auricular articular surface
  5. Promontory

CVM710: Anatomy (28 decks)

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