Exam 4: Sense organ of vision CN II,III,IV,VI (34)

Question 1

The organ of vision consists of (2)

Answer 1

Eyeball (bulbus oculi)
Adnexa

Question 2

bulbus oculi is the term for

Answer 2

eye ball

Question 3

what 3 things make up the Adnexa

Answer 3

• Eyelids
• Ocular muscles
• Lacrimal apparatus

Question 4

Are housed in the orbit, where the eyeball is embedded in generous quantities of _____

Answer 4

fat

Question 5

In cats:
The bony processes lateral to the orbit are __________

Answer 5

Are very close or fused.

Question 6

T/F the orbits in carnivores are very big

Answer 6

true

Question 7

identify 1-3
dog or cat

Answer 7

1: zygomatic process of frontal bone
2: Orbital ligament
3: Frontal process of zygomatic bone

CAT

Question 8

what are the blue arrows referencing

Answer 8

blind area

Question 9

identify 1-3
dog or cat

Answer 9

1: zygomatic process of frontal bone
2: Orbital ligament
3: Frontal process of zygomatic bone

DOG

Question 10

Dogs
The bony processes lateral to the orbit
are separated and joined together by
the __________

Answer 10

orbital ligament

Question 11

what type of vision is represented by 1 and 2

Answer 11

1. monocular vision
2. Binocular vision

Question 12

visual axis of eye in _______ position

Answer 12

central

Question 13

T/F the orbital ligament is strong in dogs BUT thin/nonexistent in cats

Answer 13

true

Question 14

what does it mean to have “binocular vision”

Answer 14

both eyes are participating in viewing

Question 15

define Optic axis

Answer 15

straight line passing through both pole

Question 16

a line equidistant from the poles is referred to as

Answer 16

Equator

Question 17

Eyeball (bulbus oculi) has ___ thin tunics

Answer 17

3

Question 18

what are the three thin tunics of the eyeball (bulbus oculi)

Answer 18

External fibrous tunic
Middle vascular tunic
Internal nervous tunic

Question 19

what tunic of the eyeball does this action:
Gives form to and protects the eyeball

Answer 19

External fibrous tunic

Question 20

what tunic of the eyeball does this action:
Blood vessels and smooth muscle, nutrition of the eyeball and the regulation of the shape of the lens and size of the pupil

Answer 20

Middle vascular tunic

Question 21

what tunic of the eyeball does this action:
Translation of visual stimuli into nerve impulses

Answer 21

Internal nervous tunic:

Question 22

what 2 things make up the External fibrous tunic

Answer 22

Cornea
Sclera

Question 23

T/F the Sclera is ALWAYS white

Answer 23

TRUE

Question 24

Outermost transparent layer of the eye that helps focus light and protect the eye.

Forms about one quarter of
the fibrous tunic

Answer 24

Cornea

Question 25

White, fibrous tissue that covers the outside of the eye, extending from the cornea to the optic nerve

Answer 25

Sclera

Question 26

identify 1-4

Answer 26

1.Sclera 2. Limbus 3. Cornea 4. optic nerve

Question 27

Border between the cornea and sclera

Answer 27

Limbus

Question 28

identify A, C

Answer 28

Question 29

The cornea is the most densely innervated tissue what nerve mainly innervates it

Answer 29

CN V1 (ophthalmic n. branch of the trigeminal)

Question 30

The cornea's nerves are responsible for many functions, including what 3 main things

Answer 30

Sensation Reflexes Wound Healing

Question 31

T/F Sclara is very sensitive to things like cold, pain, etc

Answer 31

true

Question 32

what function of the cornea is this: Trigger the blink reflex and tear production

Answer 32

Reflexes

Question 33

what are some sensations the cornea feels

Answer 33

Touch, pain & temperature

Question 34

Middle vascular tunic also known as the

Answer 34

uvea

Question 35

identify A-C

Answer 35

Question 36

what are the 3 parts of the Middle vascular tunic

Answer 36

Iris, Ciliary body, Choroid

Question 37

Adjusts the size of the pupil. Divides the space between the lens and cornea into anterior and posterior chambers that communicate through the pupil. Both are filled with aqueous humor

Answer 37

Iris

Question 38

The iris divides the space between the _____ and ______ into anterior and posterior chambers

Answer 38

lens and cornea

Question 39

what is the colored portion of the eye called

Answer 39

iris

Question 40

the iris contains how many layers of smooth muscle

Answer 40

2; sphincter and dilator (open and close pupil)

Question 41

what is uveitis

Answer 41

inflammation of the middle part of the eye (uvea)

Question 42

what is the "hole" in the iris

Answer 42

the pupil

Question 43

what eye color is most common is dogs

Answer 43

brown

Question 44

Cat or dog

Answer 44

cat

Question 45

cat or dog

Answer 45

dog

Question 46

what are the smooth muscle of the iris controlled by

Answer 46

ANS

Question 47

what is the term for constricting the pupil

Answer 47

Miosis

Question 48

what is the term for pupils dilating

Answer 48

Mydriasis

Question 49

is Miosis GVE Parasympathetic or Sympathetic

Answer 49

GVE Parasympathetic

Question 50

is Mydriasis GVE Parasympathetic or Sympathetic

Answer 50

GVE Sympathetic

Question 51

what CN is involved in Miosis

Answer 51

GVE Parasympathetic: Via **oculomotor n. (cn III)**

Question 52

At night or when an animal is scared does miosis or mydriasis occur

Answer 52

mydriasis

Question 53

Do big cats (tiger, lion, etc) have the same miosis as a DSH or like a dog

Answer 53

Like dogs

Question 54

explain why Paralytic Mydriasis is BAD

Answer 54

probably means they're dead or significant head trauma the stronger muscle is the dilator

Question 55

suspends the lens, regulates its curvature

Answer 55

Ciliary body

Question 56

___________ is a raised ring with ridges converging toward the lens in the center

Answer 56

Ciliary body

Question 57

Smooth ciliary muscle do the accommodation the ability of the eye to focus on near or distant objects by changing the shape of the _____

Answer 57

lens

Question 58

in order from top to bottom label 1-3

Answer 58

smooth ciliary muscle ciliary processes zonular fibers (tendons that suspend the lens)

Question 59

what view is this

Answer 59

Dorsal(horizontal) section of the head at the level of the orbits

Question 60

identify 1-3

Answer 60

1. Ciliary body 2. Iris 3. Cornea

Question 61

T/F when you contract the ciliary body the diameter increases

Answer 61

false; smaller

Question 62

Smooth ciliary muscle do the ___________ the ability of the eye to focus on near or distant objects by changing the shape of the lens

Answer 62

accommodation

Question 63

The **reflex of accommodation**, or focusing on near objects, occurs by a concerted action of the ___________

Answer 63

ciliary muscle on the zonule fibers which hold the lens in place

Question 64

The reflex of accommodation, or focusing on near objects performed by the ciliary muscle can get fatigued yes or no

Answer 64

YES

Question 65

Ciliary muscles are a ring of smooth muscle that, upon contraction, relaxes the tension on the zonular fibers and allows the lens to become more spherical this is due to what CN?

Answer 65

Parasympathetic innervation from CN III (oculomotor n.)

Question 66

blood supply of the Middle vascular tunic

Answer 66

Choroid (normally black)

Question 67

Dense network of blood vessels embedded in heavily pigmented connective tissue

Answer 67

Choroid

Question 68

Light-reflecting area that aids with seeing at night is known as the

Answer 68

Tapetum lucidum (green/blue)

Question 69

why do humans have red eyes in photos

Answer 69

Choroid

Question 70

do humans have a tapetum lucidum

Answer 70

NO

Question 71

identify 1-3

Answer 71

1. Choroid 2. tapetum lucidum 3. Optic disc

Question 72

Internal nervous tunic has light-sensitive receptor cells and is known as the

Answer 72

Retina (photoreceptors)

Question 73

The area where the axons of the fourth layer concentrate to leave the eye

Answer 73

Optic disc ("blind spot")

Question 74

T/F the optic disc has receptors

Answer 74

FALSE

Question 75

the retina in dogs 95% _____

Answer 75

rods--> cant see red, purple green

Question 76

what is the arrow pointing to

Answer 76

optic disc

Question 77

why is the optic disc white

Answer 77

congregation of axons

Question 78

identify 1-4

Answer 78

1. tapetum nigrum 2. tapetum lucidum 3. Optic disc 4. Optic nerve

Question 79

what are the Eyes chambers

Answer 79

anterior, posterior, vitrerous

Question 80

which eye chamber is this: between the cornea and iris, filled with aqueous humor

Answer 80

Anterior

Question 81

which eye chamber is this: between iris and ciliary body-lens, filled with aqueous humor

Answer 81

Posterior

Question 82

which eye chamber is this: between ciliary body and retina, filled with vitreous humor

Answer 82

Vitreous

Question 83

Answer 83

Question 84

what eye chamber is the main area of receptors

Answer 84

Posterior chamber

Question 85

which of the eye chambers is filled with aqueous humor vs. vitreous humor

Answer 85

Question 86

what is significant about the iridocorneal angle

Answer 86

drains aqueous humor fluid

Question 87

what is significant about the ciliary processes

Answer 87

muscles produce humor filtered from the blood

Question 88

Role in the maintenance of intraocular pressure. Produced by cells of the ciliary processes

Answer 88

The aqueous humor

Question 89

disease of the eye in which the pressure within the eye, called intraocular pressure (IOP), is increased

Answer 89

Glaucoma

Question 90

Soft, transparent tissue that sits posterior to the iris. It helps focus incoming light onto the retina

Answer 90

Lens

Question 91

what causes the pressure associated with glaucoma

Answer 91

aqueous humor is NOT getting drained

Question 92

whats this dogs problem

Answer 92

cataracts

Question 93

identify 1-3

Answer 93

Lens Ciliary body vitreous humor