exam 4: Head and neck digestive- Taste CN Vii, IX, X (32) Flashcards
what comprises the organs concerned with the reception, mechanical reduction, chemical digestion, and absorption of food and drink and with the elimination of unabsorbed residues.
The digestive apparatus
The digestive apparatus consist of the ______________ tract, extending from the mouth to the anus, and certain glands—the salivary glands, pancreas, and liver—that drain by ducts that open into the tract
alimentary
Alimentary tract in proper sequence are:
Mouth designates not only the cavity and its walls but also the
accessory structures that project (teeth, tongue) and drain (salivary glands) into it.
Oral cavity is entered between the lips
and the
palatoglossal arch (R. plataglossal fold + L. plataglossal fold)
two plica from soft palate to the tongue
(isthmus of the fauces)
identify this part of the lip
Philtrum
How would you describe A to B?
B to A?
A: Superior
B: Inferior
identify
vestibule (cheek)
what is divided by the teeth and
margins of the jaws into an outer
vestibule, bounded by the lips and
cheeks externally, and the central
mouth cavity proper
Oral cavity
identify
central mouth cavity (contains tongue)
Identify 1-3
- Labial Vestibule
- Buccal Vestibule (very large in herbivores)
- Labial Vestibule
identify 1 and 2
Vestibule:
1. labial
2. buccal
what is the function of the buccinator muscle
important function of returning to the central cavity any food that has
escaped into the vestibule
what is the principal support of the cheeks (buccae) in the oral cavity
principal support is the buccinator muscle (lateral wall)
Hyoid muscles that form the floor of the oral cavity
Geniohyoideus m. (longitudinal fiber; stronger)
Mylohyoideus m. (transverse fibers)
identify 1-3
- Geniohyoideus m. (very strong)
- Mylohyoideus m. (thin muscle)
- Basihyoideus bone
identify 1 and 2
- incisive papilla
- Palatine ridges
identify
once we pass these, where are we located
Palatine ridges
once there is no more ridges, this means we are in the soft palate
Hard palate of the oral cavity is formed of what 3 things
incisive, maxillary, and palatine bone
what does Heterodont mean
different types of teeth (incisive, canine, premolar & molar)
what does Diphyodont mean
successive development of deciduous and permanent set of teeth (there are 2 sets of teeth)
a tooth is also referred to as
dens
What is the crown of a tooth encased in
in enamel
this is the part we see
what is the root of the tooth encased in
in cement (VERY HARD)
Fibrous joint between the root of a tooth and the alveolus by the periodontal ligament
Gomphosis
identify 1-3
Enamel
dentine
cement
identify 1 and 2
- pulp
- Periodontal ligament
dog formula of the temporary (milk/deciduous/ baby) dentition
2(I 3/3, C1/1, P3/3) = 28
I= incisor
C= canine
P= premolar
The dog formula of the permanent dentition is:
2(I 3/3, C 1/1, P 4/4, M 2/3) = 42
M=molar (only permanent)
superior/inferior teeth
what vestibular surface of the tooth is facing the lip
Labial surface
what vestibular surface of the tooth is facing the bucca (cheek), once youre past the last pre-molar
Buccal surface
what vestibular surface of the tooth is facing the hard palate
Palatine surface
Only superior teeth!!!
what vestibular surface of the tooth is facing the the tongue
Lingual surface
Only inferior or mandibular teeth!!
Only inferior or mandibular teeth have what kind of surface
Lingual surface
what is the name of the contact surface of the teeth that is facing/in contact with the rostral tooth- towards the middle line (blue dots)
Mesial
what is the name of the contact surface of the tooth that faces/in contact with the caudal tooth(red dots)
Distal
what contact surface is blue representing?
red?
blue: Mesial
red: Distal
what is the tooth surface that faces/in contact with the opposite dental arch (upper/lower)
Occlusal surface (masticatory)
**important for chewing, cutting, etc
4th superior premolar & first inferior
molar are known as what kind of teeth
Sectorial or carnassial teeth
(very strong point compared to incisors, used to chew bones etc.)
In a canine, how many weeks does an eruption of temporary tooth take
3-5 weeks
In a canine, how many weeks does an eruption of permanent tooth take
5-7 month
In a canine, how many weeks does an eruption of permanent first premolar tooth take
if you open a mouth and you see the first premolar=
4-5 month
what is the permanent formula for cats
2(I 3/3, C 1/1, P 3/2, M 1/1)=30
what is the Deciduous formula for cats
2(I 3/3, C1/1, P3/2)=26
Modified Triadan system numbering
name the types of teeth
- incisors
- canine
- premolars
- molars
what occupies the greater part of the oral cavity but also extends into the oropharynx
Tongue (lingua)
Tongue (lingua) has an attached root and body and a free ______________
apex
Tongue (lingua) is highly ______
muscular
identify the parts of the tongue
- Root
- body
- apex
what nerve corresponds with the Root of the tongue
CN IX
what nerve corresponds with the Body of the tongue
CN V & VII
what nerve corresponds with the Apex of the tongue
CN V & VII
identify the papillae of the tongue
1.conical papillae (mechanical)
2. vallate papillae (taste)
Identify the papilla of the tongue
- filiform papillae (mechanical)
- fungiform papillae (taste)
identify
foliate papillae
identify
Marginal papillae (ONLY IN PUPPIES; will disappear)
identify
Lyssa (mechanical receptors)
identify 1 and 2
1.Frenulum
2. Sublingual caruncle (opening of saliva glands)
Extrinsic muscles of the Tongue are receive motor signals by what nerve
Hypoglossal n. (XII) GSE
identify 1-3 of the extrinsic muscles of the tongue
PAIRED MUSCLES
1. Styloglossus m. (origin; stylohyiodus)
2. Hyoglossus m.
3. Genioglossus m.
identify the muscles of the tongue
- Hyoglossus m.
2.Intrinsic mm.
3.Genioglossus m.
identify 1 and 2 of the Hyoid m.
- Geniohyoideus m.
- Mylohyoideus m.
Major salivary glands
Located in the base of the auricular cartilage, lateral to the temporo-mandibular joint (V or U shape)
Parotid gland
Major salivary glands
Runs in a horizontal direction, superficial to the masseter m. Penetrate the buccinator m. to open into the buccal vestibule at the level of the 4th superior pre-molar
Parotid duct
identify 1 and 2
1.Parotid gland
2.Parotid duct
what does the parotid duct run between that is important to differentiate
branches of the facial nerve
Major salivary glands:
Ovoid gland located in the neck caudal to the angle of the mandible, ventral to the wing of the atlas.
Largest in animals, bigger than parotid
Mandibular gland
Runs in the sublingual space, opens in the sublingual carubcle.
Mandibular duct
identify
Mandibular gland
identify 1 and 2
- Mandibular gland
- Mandibular lymph nodes
identify the muscles in close proximity of the mandibular gland
Masseter m.
Buccinator m.
Major salivary glands:
Located rostral to the mandibular gland. Its
duct runs with the mandibular gland duct and
opens in the sublingual caruncle
Sublingual gland (monostomatic)
Major salivary glands:
Group of small salivary glands located in the sublingual
space. Opens directly in the sublingual space through several shorts ducts
Sublingual glands (polistomatic)
Major salivary glands:
Gland located ventral to the orbit in the pterygopalatine fossa. Opens through short ducts caudal to the last upper molar
Zygomatic gland
identify
Zygomatic gland
identify
Zygomatic gland
Identify the major salivary glands
identify the parts of the Pharynx
1.Nasopharynx
2. Laryngopharynx (connect to esophagus)
3.Oropharynx
what is the order in which things travel starting with the NASAL CAVITY
- Nasal cavity
- Nasopharynx
- intrapharyngeal ostium
- larynx
- trachea
what is the order in which things travel starting with the ORAL CAVITY
- oral cavity
- ororpharynx
- laryngopharynx
- esophagus
identify 1-3
- Nasopharynx
- Laryngopharynx
- Oropharynx
identify 1-3
1.Soft palate
2. Larynx
3.Esophagus
identify 1 and 2
- Laryngopharynx
- Oropharynx
what is located between the Laryngopharynx and the esophagus
Pharyngoesophageal limen (boundary)
identify components of the pharyngeal m. (pharyngeal constrictors) 1-3
- Hyopharingeus m.
- Thyropharingeus m.
- Crycopharingeus m. (forms limen)
what is the name of the plica of mucosa being pointed to
- frenulum of superior lip
- frenulum of inferior lip
the Geniohyoideus m attached in the mandible and inserts at the _________
Basihyoideus bone
every time you swallow what contracts
Geniohyoideus m
what is the function of the canine tooth
prehension
kill prey
what is the maximum amount of roots you can have for a tooth
3
between the crown and the root of the tooth
Neck of the tooth
what is the purpose of the peridontal ligament
fix the root in the tooth in the bone
If you open a dogs mouth a see the first premolar but there is still baby canine
what is the age
between 4-7 months
the vallate, foliate, and fungiform papilla on the tongue are used for
TASTE
Vallate papilla rostral= _____ of the tongue
Vallate papilla caudal= _______of the tongue
Vallate papilla rostral= body of the tongue
Vallate papilla caudal= root of the tongue
Hyoglossus m. action and attachment
move tongue laterally
thyrohyoidus, hyoid apparatus, basohyoidus and goes to root of tongue
Genioglossus m. action and attachment
pull tongue out of mouth
attaches to rostral mandible (close to symphysis) then expands in the middle of the tongue
From the oral cavity which is innervated by CN __ we pass to the oropharynx which is innervated by CN __ then to nasopharynx, laryngopharynx, and esophagus
V (5; trigeminal)
IX (9; glossopharyngeal)
