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CVM710: Anatomy > exam 2: cardiorespiratory 1 > Flashcards

exam 2: cardiorespiratory 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Thoracic cavity boundaries (5)

A
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2
Q

Thoracic cavity Dorsal (ceiling)
What are 1 and 2

A
  1. Thoracic vertebrae
  2. Longus colli m.
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3
Q

Thoracic cavity:
what is being pointed to by the red arrow

A

Transverse thoracis m.

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4
Q

Thoracic cavity- ventral (floor)
what is the unlabeled red arrow pointing to

A

Internal thoracic vessels

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5
Q

what is the term for?

Serous membrane that produce a serous fluid that protect, prevent friction and adherences among organs (viscera) or organs with cavity walls

A

serosa

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6
Q

is this external or internal intercostal muscle

does it aid more in expiration or inspiration?

A

external; inspiration

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7
Q

is this external or internal intercostal muscle

does it aid more in expiration or inspiration?

A

internal; expiration

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8
Q

what forms the caudal boundary of the thorax

A

diaphragm

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9
Q

Term for apature (opening) between muscles

A

hiatus

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10
Q

what is the most important muscle for inspiration

A

diaphragm

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11
Q

T/F inspiration is an active process

A

true

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12
Q

T/F expiration is an active process

A

false; normally passive because no muscle contraction is needed

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13
Q

T/F expiration can be an active process

A

true; when needed like exercise/cough/sneeze

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14
Q

Abdominal muscles can pull the ribs in what direction to help with expiration

A

caudal; compressing the thorax helping with force expiration

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15
Q

Serratus dorsalis cranialis m.
Scalenus m.
External intercostal m.
Rectus thoracis m.

can be classified as what kind of muscles to the diaphragm?

A

synergic (helper muscles)

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16
Q

Parietal means related to a ______

A

wall

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17
Q

Serosa: Serous membrane that produce a serous fluid that ________, prevent ________ and adherences among organs (viscera) or organs with cavity walls

A

protect
friction

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18
Q

what kind of section is this of the thoracic cavity

A

horizontal/dorsal section

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19
Q

All serosas have what 2 tunic/ layers

A
  1. Parietal serous tunic/layer
  2. Visceral serous tunic/layer
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20
Q

center area of the thorax; filled with synovial

A

mediastinum

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21
Q

Connective tissue that glue the parietal pleura with the ribs and intercostal muscles

A

Endothoracic fascia

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22
Q

Pleural cavity space that is not occupied by the caudal lobe of the lung, even in a maximal inspiration

A

Costodiaphragmatic resess

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23
Q

why is the Costodiaphragmatic resess important

A

If we have a collapsed lung, this is where we can put a tube

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24
Q

Pleural cavity has (positive or negative) pressure

A

negative

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25
average pleural pressure in dogs is around ________________
−5 cm H2O at rest
26
why is pressure negative in the Pleural cavity
Is the result of the opposing elastic recoil of the chest wall and lung, as well as the forces generated by the respiratory muscles
27
what is happening in Pneumothorax with regards to pressure
positive pressure inside the pleural cavity so the lungs can NOT stay insufflated by itself collapsing and preventing the ventilation of the organ
28
A rupture of the thoracic wall that communicate the exterior with the pleural cavity may create suction of air toward the pleural cavity.
Pneumothorax
29
T/F Pneumothorax also can happen by a rupture of the lung
true
30
visceral serous or pleura covers what
organs
31
Visceral pericardium or Epicardium is a serous membrane adhering to the ________
heart
32
Pericardial cavity is the space in between ___________ and ____________
parietal and visceral pericardium
33
T/F Clinical pericardium or Pericardial sac layers are fused together
true
34
what makes up the Clinical pericardium or Pericardial sac (3)
Parietal serous pericardium Fibrous pericardium Pericardial mediastinal pleura
35
what ligament connects fibrous pericardium to sternal part of the diaphragm (in carnivores)
Phrenicopericardial lig.
36
what system is responsible for the immunological defense of the body and drain the extracellular fluids
Lymphatic system (open system)
37
main actions of the heart (2)
pump blood recieve (suck) blood
38
what is the name of the system the heart uses to transport blood open or closed system?
Blood vascular system; closed
39
what filters the lymphatic fluid and produce immune cells (lymphocytes)
Lymph node
40
what kind of lymphatic vessels are blue, going towards the lymphnode? orange, exit lymph node?
blue: afferent lymphatic vessels orange: efferent lymphatic vessles
41
what occurs if we have too much fluid in lymphatic system
edema
42
Layers of the heart (3)
Epicardium (superficial) Myocardium (middle) Endocardium (most inner layer; inside)
43
a group of lymph nodes can be called
lymph center
44
why do we need Endocardium on the inside of the heart
**to prevent clots **
45
Label parts 1 and 2 of the heart
1. Base 2. Apex
46
what angle is the heart oriented in the dog what angle is the heart oriented in the cat
dog: 40 cat: 25-30
46
what are the chambers of the heart
Right atrium Left atrium Right ventricle Left ventricle (right and left auricle= expansions of atrium)
47
Label 1-4 on the heart
Right atrium Right ventricle Left ventricle Left atrium
47
Aricular face
Surface of the heart facing the left side of the thorax
47
Atrial face
Surface of the heart facing the right side of the thorax
47
what is being indicated by the orange line
Coronary groove Between the atria and ventricles Contains coronary vessels
48
what is the teal line indicating
Subsinuosal interventricular groove
49
what is the teal line indicating
Paraconal interventricular groove
50
Interventricular grooves are located between the __________________
right and left ventricles at the location of the interventricular septum
51
Diastole
Period during which the ventricles are filling and relaxing
52
Label 1-5
1.R-atrium 2. cranial V cava 3. R auricle 4.coronary sinus 5. caudal v cava
53
Label 1 Diastole or systole?
Right atrioventricular (tricuspid) valve Diastole=Period during which the ventricles are filling and relaxing
54
what is being pointed to
Pulmonary valve
55
Diastole or systole?
systole the phase of the heartbeat when the heart muscle contracts and pumps blood from the chambers into the arteries.
56
Label #1 and #2
1. Aortic hiatus 2. esophageal hiatus (esophagus goes through this)
57
what is being pointed to
Cava foramen
58
List the parts of the Diaphragm
1.Lumbar part 2.Costal part 3.Sternal part
59
Label parts 1-3
1. Aortic hiatus 2. Cava foramen 3. Esophageal hiatus
60
what are the black arrows pointing to
Tendinous center
61
Label 1-3
1. Pleura 2. pericardium 3. peritoneum
62
all serosas have ___________ layer
parietal serous tunic/layer
63
closed sac that envelops most of the heart
Anatomical (serous) pericardium
64
what is being pointed to
pericardium
65
what is being pointed to
Clinical pericardium (pericardial sac)
66
label 1,2,3
1. Visceral serous pericardium or epicardium 2. Parietal serous pericardium 3. Clinical pericardium opened and reflected (pericardial sac)
67
what layer of the heart is this? Serous membrane – mesothelium and thin layer of loose CT
Epicardium (visceral pericardium)
68
what layer of the heart is this? – Comparable to tunica media of vessels – Cardiac muscle, CT, nerves, blood vessels
Myocardium
69
what layer of the heart is this? – Cardiac counterpart of tunica intima of vessels – Endothelium and CT
Endocardium
70
what is outlined in RED
Visceral or pulmonary pleura
71
Label 1 and 2
1. Costal pleura 2. Diaphragmatic pleura
72
The mediastinal pleura cover 3 parts
1. cranial mediastinum 2. middle mediastinum/pericardiac pleura 3. caudal mediastinum
73
is atmospheric pressure + or -
positive
74
Label parts 1-3 **fist represents heart**
1. Parietal Serous pericardium 2. Visceral serous pericardium 3. Fibrous pericardium

CVM710: Anatomy (54 decks)

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