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CVM710: Anatomy > exam 2: cardiorespiratory 1 > Flashcards

exam 2: cardiorespiratory 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Thoracic cavity boundaries (5)

A
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2
Q

Thoracic cavity Dorsal (ceiling)
What are 1 and 2

A
  1. Thoracic vertebrae
  2. Longus colli m.
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3
Q

Thoracic cavity:
what is being pointed to by the red arrow

A

Transverse thoracis m.

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4
Q

Thoracic cavity- ventral (floor)
what is the unlabeled red arrow pointing to

A

Internal thoracic vessels

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5
Q

what is the term for?

Serous membrane that produce a serous fluid that protect, prevent friction and adherences among organs (viscera) or organs with cavity walls

A

serosa

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6
Q

is this external or internal intercostal muscle

does it aid more in expiration or inspiration?

A

external; inspiration

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7
Q

is this external or internal intercostal muscle

does it aid more in expiration or inspiration?

A

internal; expiration

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8
Q

what forms the caudal boundary of the thorax

A

diaphragm

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9
Q

Term for apature (opening) between muscles

A

hiatus

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10
Q

what is the most important muscle for inspiration

A

diaphragm

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11
Q

T/F inspiration is an active process

A

true

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12
Q

T/F expiration is an active process

A

false; normally passive because no muscle contraction is needed

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13
Q

T/F expiration can be an active process

A

true; when needed like exercise/cough/sneeze

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14
Q

Abdominal muscles can pull the ribs in what direction to help with expiration

A

caudal; compressing the thorax helping with force expiration

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15
Q

Serratus dorsalis cranialis m.
Scalenus m.
External intercostal m.
Rectus thoracis m.

can be classified as what kind of muscles to the diaphragm?

A

synergic (helper muscles)

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16
Q

Parietal means related to a ______

A

wall

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17
Q

Serosa: Serous membrane that produce a serous fluid that ________, prevent ________ and adherences among organs (viscera) or organs with cavity walls

A

protect
friction

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18
Q

what kind of section is this of the thoracic cavity

A

horizontal/dorsal section

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19
Q

All serosas have what 2 tunic/ layers

A
  1. Parietal serous tunic/layer
  2. Visceral serous tunic/layer
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20
Q

center area of the thorax; filled with synovial

A

mediastinum

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21
Q

Connective tissue that glue the parietal pleura with the ribs and intercostal muscles

A

Endothoracic fascia

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22
Q

Pleural cavity space that is not occupied by the caudal lobe of the lung, even in a maximal inspiration

A

Costodiaphragmatic resess

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23
Q

why is the Costodiaphragmatic resess important

A

If we have a collapsed lung, this is where we can put a tube

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24
Q

Pleural cavity has (positive or negative) pressure

A

negative

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25
Q

average pleural pressure in dogs is around ________________

A

−5 cm H2O at rest

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26
Q

why is pressure negative in the Pleural cavity

A

Is the result of the opposing elastic recoil of the chest wall and lung, as well as the forces generated by the respiratory muscles

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27
Q

what is happening in Pneumothorax with regards to pressure

A

positive pressure inside the pleural cavity so the lungs can NOT stay insufflated by itself

collapsing and preventing the ventilation of the organ

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28
Q

A rupture of the thoracic wall
that communicate the exterior with the pleural cavity may create suction of air toward the pleural cavity.

A

Pneumothorax

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29
Q

T/F Pneumothorax also can happen by a rupture of the lung

A

true

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30
Q

visceral serous or pleura covers what

A

organs

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31
Q

Visceral pericardium or Epicardium is a serous membrane adhering to the ________

A

heart

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32
Q

Pericardial cavity is the space in between ___________ and ____________

A

parietal and visceral pericardium

33
Q

T/F Clinical pericardium or Pericardial sac layers are fused together

A

true

34
Q

what makes up the Clinical pericardium or Pericardial sac (3)

A

Parietal serous pericardium
Fibrous pericardium
Pericardial mediastinal pleura

35
Q

what ligament connects fibrous pericardium to sternal part of the diaphragm (in carnivores)

A

Phrenicopericardial lig.

36
Q

what system is responsible for the immunological defense of the body and drain the extracellular fluids

A

Lymphatic system (open system)

37
Q

main actions of the heart (2)

A

pump blood
recieve (suck) blood

38
Q

what is the name of the system the heart uses to transport blood

open or closed system?

A

Blood vascular system; closed

39
Q

what filters the lymphatic fluid and produce immune cells (lymphocytes)

A

Lymph node

40
Q

what kind of lymphatic vessels are blue, going towards the lymphnode?

orange, exit lymph node?

A

blue: afferent lymphatic vessels
orange: efferent lymphatic vessles

41
Q

what occurs if we have too much fluid in lymphatic system

A

edema

42
Q

Layers of the heart (3)

A

Epicardium (superficial)
Myocardium (middle)
Endocardium (most inner layer; inside)

43
Q

a group of lymph nodes can be called

A

lymph center

44
Q

why do we need Endocardium on the inside of the heart

A

**to prevent clots **

45
Q

Label parts 1 and 2 of the heart

A
  1. Base
  2. Apex
46
Q

what angle is the heart oriented in the dog

what angle is the heart oriented in the cat

A

dog: 40

cat: 25-30

46
Q

what are the chambers of the heart

A

Right atrium
Left atrium

Right ventricle
Left ventricle

(right and left auricle= expansions of atrium)

47
Q

Label 1-4 on the heart

A

Right atrium
Right ventricle
Left ventricle
Left atrium

47
Q

Aricular face

A

Surface of the heart facing the
left side of the thorax

47
Q

Atrial face

A

Surface of the heart facing the right
side of the thorax

47
Q

what is being indicated by the orange line

A

Coronary groove

Between the atria and ventricles
Contains coronary vessels

48
Q

what is the teal line indicating

A

Subsinuosal interventricular groove

49
Q

what is the teal line indicating

A

Paraconal interventricular groove

50
Q

Interventricular grooves are located between the __________________

A

right and left ventricles at the
location of the interventricular septum

51
Q

Diastole

A

Period during which the ventricles are filling and relaxing

52
Q

Label 1-5

A

1.R-atrium
2. cranial V cava
3. R auricle
4.coronary sinus
5. caudal v cava

53
Q

Label 1
Diastole or systole?

A

Right atrioventricular (tricuspid) valve

Diastole=Period during which the ventricles are filling and relaxing

54
Q

what is being pointed to

A

Pulmonary valve

55
Q

Diastole or systole?

A

systole

the phase of the heartbeat when the heart muscle contracts and pumps blood from the chambers into the arteries.

56
Q

Label #1 and #2

A
  1. Aortic hiatus
  2. esophageal hiatus (esophagus goes through this)
57
Q

what is being pointed to

A

Cava foramen

58
Q

List the parts of the Diaphragm

A

1.Lumbar part
2.Costal part
3.Sternal part

59
Q

Label parts 1-3

A
  1. Aortic hiatus
  2. Cava foramen
  3. Esophageal hiatus
60
Q

what are the black arrows pointing to

A

Tendinous center

61
Q

Label 1-3

A
  1. Pleura
  2. pericardium
  3. peritoneum
62
Q

all serosas have ___________ layer

A

parietal serous tunic/layer

63
Q

closed sac that envelops most of the heart

A

Anatomical (serous)
pericardium

64
Q

what is being pointed to

A

pericardium

65
Q

what is being pointed to

A

Clinical pericardium
(pericardial sac)

66
Q

label 1,2,3

A
  1. Visceral serous pericardium
    or epicardium
  2. Parietal serous pericardium
  3. Clinical pericardium opened and reflected (pericardial sac)
67
Q

what layer of the heart is this?

Serous membrane – mesothelium and thin layer of loose CT

A

Epicardium (visceral pericardium)

68
Q

what layer of the heart is this?

– Comparable to tunica media of vessels
– Cardiac muscle, CT, nerves, blood vessels

A

Myocardium

69
Q

what layer of the heart is this?
– Cardiac counterpart of tunica intima of vessels
– Endothelium and CT

A

Endocardium

70
Q

what is outlined in RED

A

Visceral or pulmonary pleura

71
Q

Label 1 and 2

A
  1. Costal pleura
  2. Diaphragmatic pleura
72
Q

The mediastinal pleura cover 3 parts

A
  1. cranial mediastinum
  2. middle mediastinum/pericardiac pleura
  3. caudal mediastinum
73
Q

is atmospheric pressure + or -

A

positive

74
Q

Label parts 1-3

fist represents heart

A
  1. Parietal Serous pericardium
  2. Visceral serous pericardium
  3. Fibrous pericardium

CVM710: Anatomy (28 decks)

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