Exam 4: CN V and VII (35) Flashcards by kate terrill

what CN are only sensory

CN I(olfactory), II(optic), VIII(vestibulochoclear)

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what CN are sensory/ motor

Glossopharyngeal (IX)
Trigeminal (V)
Vagus (X)
Facial (VII)

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what CN are only motor

Oculomotor (III)
Trochlear (IV)
Abducent (VI)
Accessory (XI)
Hypoglossal (XII)

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Autonomic ganglia (CN’s ___,___,__,__

CN’s III, VII, IX, X

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NAME THE GANGLION
post-synaptic fibers innervate intrinsic muscles of the eye (ciliary muscles, sphincter pupillae, dilator pupillae)

Ciliary ganglion (oculomotor nerve)

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NAME THE GANGLION

post-synaptic fibers innervate lacrimal, nasal, and palatine glands

Pterygopalatine (a.k.a., sphenopalatine) ganglion (facial nerve)

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NAME THE GANGLION
post-synaptic fibers innervate sublingual
and mandibular salivary glands

Mandibular ganglion (facial nerve)

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NAME THE GANGLION
post-synaptic fibers innervate parotid
and zygomatic salivary glands

Otic ganglion (glossopharyngeal nerve)

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NAME THE GANGLION

located in walls of thoracic, abdominal and pelvic viscera

Terminal (a.k.a., visceral) ganglia (vagus nerve and branches)

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what ganglion synapse between pre and post (GSE)

list the 5 motor

Ciliary ganglion (oculomotor nerve)
Pterygopalatine (a.k.a., sphenopalatine) ganglion (facial nerve)
Mandibular ganglion (facial nerve)
Otic ganglion (glossopharyngeal nerve)
Terminal (a.k.a., visceral) ganglia (vagus nerve and branches)

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List the Afferent (sensory) ganglia (4 main ones)

▪ Sensory (a.k.a., semilunar) ganglion of the trigeminal nerve

▪ Geniculate ganglion of the facial nerve

▪ Vestibular ganglia of the vestibular
branch of the vestibulocochlear nerve

▪ Spiral ganglia of the cochlear branch of the vestibulocochlear nerve

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do afferent (sensory) ganglia synapse between pre and post?

what root do these travel

No
dorsal root

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Spiral ganglia of the cochlear branch of what nerve

vestibulocochlear nerve

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Vestibular ganglia of the vestibular branch of what nerve

vestibulocochlear nerve

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Geniculate ganglion is of what CN

facial nerve

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Sensory (a.k.a., semilunar) ganglion of what CN

trigeminal nerve

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The trigeminal nerve (CN V) is the Major source of ______ innervation of the head

SENSORY (GSA)

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what are the branches of CN V

▪ Ophthalmic nerve (V1)
▪ Maxillary nerve (V2)
▪ Mandibular nerve (V3)

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what branch of CN V is this?

Sensory (GSA) from nasal mucosa, nose, eyes, superior palpebrae, M/L commissures (a.k.a., canthi) of eye, scalp, forehead

▪ Ophthalmic nerve (V1)

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what branch of CN V is this?

Sensory (GSA) from nasal mucosa, nose,
lateral commissure (canthus) of eye, upper teeth, gum, lip, nose

▪ Maxillary nerve (V2)

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what branch of CN V is this?

Sensory (GSA) from ear, face, cheek, tongue, lower teeth, gum, lip

Motor (GSE) to muscles of mastication

▪ Mandibular nerve (V3)

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what is the only branch of CN V that is both sensory and motor

▪ Mandibular nerve (V3)

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The trigeminal ganglion is a SENSORY ganglion, comprised of

sensory (unipolar) neuron cell bodies (GSA).

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identify

Approximate location of trigeminal ganglion
Trigeminal canal
Petrous temporal bone (highlighted)

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Dendrites (in periphery) --> ____________--> Soma (in ganglion)--> ____________--> CNS/Brain

Peripheral processes central processes

The motor component (GSE) of the trigeminal nerve originates from the ____________ and distributes via ___________

motor nucleus of the trigeminal nerve (within the brainstem/CNS) via the mandibular branch (V3) to the muscles of mastication

what are the muscles that CN V innervate (5)

▪ Temporalis m. ▪ Masseter m. ▪ Digastricus m., rostral part ▪ Lateral pterygoid m. ▪ Medial pterygoid m

what is this? from what view

Brainstem, Dorsal View

what kind of neuron is this

Multipolar (Motor) Neuron

what is the missing step in the process

Each division of the trigeminal nerve leaves the cranium via a

separate opening

Ophthalmic nerve (V1) exits via the

Exits the cranium via the orbital fissure

Maxillary nerve (V2) Exits the cranium via the

round foramen, which opens into the alar canal

Mandibular nerve (V3) Exits the cranium via

the oval foramen

identify 1-3 and what nerve would pass through

orbital fissure (1)- Ophthalmic nerve (V1) round foramen (2)--Maxillary nerve (V2) oval foramen (3)--Mandibular nerve (V3)

identify 1-3 what what nerves pass

After leaving the cranium through their designated foramina, each division of the trigeminal nerve gives off ______

several branches

Ophthalmic nerve branches what to remember them

"NFL"

what area does the nasociliary branch of the opthalmic nerve innervate

“nose” and “eye” ▪ nasal mucosa, skin of muzzle (ethmoidal n.; overlap zone with maxillary nerve) ▪ medial canthus / commissure (infratrochlear n.), internal eye including cornea (long ciliary n.)

what does the frontal nerve branch of the opthalmic nerve innervate

rostral frontal region, upper eyelid

what does the lacrimal nerve branch of the opthalmic nerve innervate

eye, lacrimal area SENSORY

Nasociliary nerve is important for what reflex

corneal reflex

Nasociliary nerve branches into what 3 nerves

▪ Long ciliary nerve ▪ Ethmoidal nerve ▪ Infratrochlear nerve

Long ciliary nerve (of Nasociliary nerve) innervates

Courses with optic nerve to innervate eyeball

Long ciliary nerve (of Nasociliary nerve) afferent or efferent

Afferent from corneal epithelium and bulbar conjunctiva

Ethmoidal nerve (of Nasociliary nerve) enters the cranium via the _______ and and then passes through the ______________

Enters the cranium via the ethmoidal foramen and then passes through the cribriform plate and into the nasal cavity

Ethmoidal nerve(of Nasociliary nerve) afferent or efferent

Afferent from nasal mucosa and skin of nose

Infratrochlear nerve (of Nasociliary nerve) afferent or efferent

Afferent from medial canthus/commissure of eye

The nasociliary nerve transmits ___________________ from the cranial cervical ganglion to the dilator mm. of the pupil.

post-ganglionic sympathetic axons

Frontal nerve (of the ophthalmic n.) is afferent or efferent

Afferent from rostral frontal region and upper eyelid

Lacrimal nerve (of the ophthalmic n.) supplies

autonomic innervation to the lacrimal gland

Lacrimal nerve (of the ophthalmic n.) use what kind of post-ganglionic axons

▪ Post-ganglionic PSNS axons from the pterygopalatine ganglion (CN VII) join the lacrimal nerve (pre-ganglionic neurons are from facial nerve, CN VII) ▪ Post-ganglionic SNS axons from cranial cervical ganglion

Lacrimal nerve (of the ophthalmic n.) supplies what kind of innervation

Supplies sensory innervation to the conjunctiva of upper eyelid

identify the 3 arrows

what are the branches of the maxillary nerve of CN V how to remember it

ZIP 1. Zygomatic nerve 2. Infraorbital nerve 3. Pterygopalatine nerve

Zygomatic nerve of the maxillary nerve divides into

branches within the orbit (zygomaticotemporal and zygomaticofacial)

what does the Zygomatic nerve of the maxillary nerve supply

Supplies sensory innervation to skin over zygomatic arch, caudal frontal region, inferior eyelid

identify the nerve

Zygomatic n.

what does the maxillary nerve exit out of

rostral alar foramen

Infraorbital n. (branch of the maxillary nerve) is sensory to what does the nerve travel through

▪ Maxillary foramen → infraorbital canal → infraorbital foramen ▪ Sensory (GSA) from upper teeth, gums, lip, and nose

Pterygopalatine n. arises from the ventral aspect of the maxillary nerve near the __________

pterygopalatine ganglion (can visibly see)

Pterygopalatine n. divides into three nerves:

▪ Major and minor palatine nn. ▪ Caudal nasal n (innervates nasal mucosa)

Pterygopalatine n. is sensory from

from caudal nasal region and palate.

The pterygopalatine ganglion is an autonomic ganglion affiliated with the ___________ supplies ___________ to glands of the head (lacrimal, nasal, palatine).

the facial nerve; supplies parasympathetic innervation

sensory zones of the maxillary nerve

zygomatic infraorbital Pterygopalatine

skin over zygomatic arch, caudal frontal region, lower eyelid, lateral canthus / commissure of eye what part of the maxillary nerve innervates here

Zygomatic

upper lip, nose, upper teeth and gums what part of the maxillary nerve innervates here

Infraorbital

palate and caudal nasal region what part of the maxillary nerve innervates here

Pterygopalatine

Mandibular nerve (V3) branches (6)

▪Buccal nerve --sensory ▪ Lingual nerve--sensory ▪ Inferior alveolar nerve--sensory ▪ Masticatory branches--motor ▪ Mylohyoid nerve--mixed ▪ Auriculotemporal nerve--sensory

Buccal nerve (cheek) location and sensory to

▪ Crosses the medial pterygoid m. and enters the cheek, lateral to the zygomatic salivary gland ▪ Sensory to mucosa and skin of cheek

identify the nerve

▪ Buccal nerve (cheek)

Although the buccal nerve is intimately affiliated with the zygomatic salivary gland, the gland is supplied _____ innervation by what nerve?

PSNS; glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)

Buccal nerve (cheek) gives sensory to mucosa and skin of cheek why is this important

need for moving food out of cheek

Lingual nerve: sensory or motor? where?

▪ Sensory (GSA) from tongue ▪ The chorda tympani n. (of CN VII, facial) joins the lingual n. to supply taste sensation (SVA) from the rostal 2/3 of the tongue

Linguinal nerve is _____________ of the 3 branches

Largest and most rostral

Inferior alveolar nerve sensory or motor ? where?

Mandibular foramen → mandibular canal → mental foramina ▪ Sensory (GSA) from lower teeth, gums, and lip

identify 1 and 2

Mylohyoid nerve motor or sensory? where?

▪ Motor (GSE) to rostral belly of digastricus m. and mylohyoid m. (AD and MH in top right image, respectively) ▪ Sensory to skin between the mandibles

identify

Masticatory branches motor or sensory? where?

Motor (GSE) to muscles of mastication

what nerve immediately adjacent to auriculopalpebral branch of the facial nerve

Auriculotemporal nerve

Auriculotemporal nerve: sensory or motor? where?

Sensory (GSA) from skin of temporal, zygomatic, and masseteric regions, as well as skin of external ear

Auriculotemporal nerve--Immediately adjacent to auriculopalpebral branch of the facial nerve there is a lot of ____ between these 2 nerves

LOTS of “crosstalk” between these two nerves!

sensory zones of the mandibular nerve

▪ Buccal nerve (cheek) ▪ Lingual nerve ▪ Inferior alveolar nerve ▪ Mylohyoid nerve-- Intermandibular region ▪ Auriculotemporal nerve

Tongue; Ouch!!! (CN V), taste is via CN VII (chorda tympani) name the nerve

▪ Lingual nerve

name the nerve ▪ Mental nerves ▪ Teeth, lip

▪ Inferior alveolar nerve

▪ External ear, temporal, zygomatic, masseteric regions name the nerve

▪ Auriculotemporal nerve

what is this showing

sensory zones of mandibular nerve

Is a mixed nerve, but is mostly motor (GSE) to the muscles of facial expression

facial nerve (CN VII)

facial nerve (CN VII) is important for maintenance of ___________

facial tone

facial nerve (CN VII) travels through what foramen

Internal acoustic meatus → facial canal → stylomastoid foramen

identify the meatus

Internal acoustic meatus

Dorsal and ventral buccal branches of the facial nerve are motor to

muscles of facial expression

Auriculopalpebral n. (branch of facial nerve) is motor to

Motor to muscles of facial expression, including rostral auricular mm.

facial nerve (CN VII) is Autonomic (PSNS) to

glands of the head

facial nerve branches: Major petrosal n. → pterygopalatine ganglion →?

lacrimal n. (ophthalmic, V1)

facial nerve branches: Chorda tympani n. → lingual n. (CN V3) →?

mandibular and sublingual ganglia

facial nerve branches: Chorda tympani n.

sensory ▪ Taste from rostral 2/3 of tongue ▪ Merges with lingual n. (CN V)

what are these representing

Cutaneous areas of the rostral concave surface of the external ear (facial nerve)

taste is processed by CN ___________

VII, IX, X

what nerve is this Sensory from taste buds in the rostral two thirds of the tongue

Facial nerve (CN VII)

what nerve is this Sensory from taste buds in the caudal one third of the tongue

Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)

what nerve is this Sensory from taste buds in the throat (pharynx) and epiglottis; taste buds in the GI tract

Vagus nerve (CN X)

what would lesions of CN V look like:  Ophthalmic

▪ Decreased/absent corneal reflex (afferent = CN V; efferent = CN VI) ▪ Decreased/absent palpebral reflex (afferent = CN V; efferent = CN VII) when touching the upper eyelid and the medial canthas of eye

what would lesions of CN V look like: Maxillary

▪ Decreased/absent reflex/response when pinching upper lip (afferent = CN V; efferent = CN VII) ▪ Decreased/absent palpebral reflex when touching the lower eyelid and the lateral canthas of eye (afferent = CN V; efferent = CN VII)

what would lesions of CN V look like: Mandibular

▪ Decreased/absent reflex/response when touching and/or pinching lower lip (afferent = CN V; efferent = CN VII) ▪ Decreased/absent ability to close the mouth, poor jaw tone-- Eventual muscle atrophy

What about opening the mouth? Which muscle does this and which nerve(s) is it innervated by?

digastricus m.

growling and snare is what kind of response

conscious awareness

what CN is this

CN V

what CN is involved

CN V3

what CN is involved

CN V

what would lesions of CN VII look like

▪ Decreased/absent facial muscle tone ▪ Deviated philtrum (most obvious in horses) ▪ Decreased/absent palpebral reflex ▪ Decreased/absent facial muscle reflex (wrinkling of lips/cheeks) when upper/lower lips are pinched.

lesions of CN VII may result in: Holding of food in the buccal vestibule with resultant foul smell from the mouth---Why?

can't feel that the food is there

lesions of CN VII may result in: ▪ Decreased appetite---Why?

no taste sensation

unilateral facial nerve paralysis: which side is the paralysis

LEFT