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CVM710: Anatomy > Exam 1: General concepts of muscles, synovial joints and connective tissue associated & muscle actions > Flashcards

Exam 1: General concepts of muscles, synovial joints and connective tissue associated & muscle actions Flashcards

1
Q

A fluid-filled cavity intervenes between the bones

A

Synovial joints

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2
Q

Every synovial joint
MUST have at least

A

1- Articular cartilage

2- Synovial membrane

3- Fibrous layer of joint
capsule

4- Synovial cavity filled with
synovial fluid

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3
Q

2- Synovial membrane +
3- Fibrous layer of joint
capsule forms a what

A

joint capsule

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4
Q

What is #4

A

Synovial cavity filled with
synovial fluid

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5
Q

what is #3

A

Fibrous layer of joint
capsule

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6
Q

what is #2

A

Synovial membrane

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7
Q

what is #1

A

Articular cartilage

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8
Q

What is the red arrow pointing to

A

periosteum

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9
Q

what kind of pressure is in the joint capsule?
Positive or negative?

A

NEGATIVE

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10
Q

What part of the synovial joint has articular villi that cover more surface and allows for more blood flow

A

synovial membrane

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11
Q

What is the function of synovial fluid in synovial joints

A

Avoid the friction

Nutrients for the articular cartilage

(oil for the system, like a car)

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12
Q

What is the normal color and consistency of synovial fluid

A

caramel color
sticky, egg white consistency

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13
Q

dense fibrous
connective tissue that attaches bone-bone, bone-cartilage or cartilage-cartilage and serves
to hold structures together and keep them stable

A

Ligament

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14
Q

In a luxation (Medical term for dislocation) ___________are injured.

A

ligaments

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15
Q

What are the classification of ligaments

A

◼ Capsular
◼ Intracapsular
◼ Extracapsular
◼ Yellow/flavum (elastic)

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16
Q

thickenings of the fibrous capsule itself that take the form of either bands or triangles

A

Capsular ligament

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17
Q

What is the blue shaded area representing

A

Capsular ligament (type of ligament of a synovial joint)

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18
Q

What are the 2 blue arrows pointing to

A

Capsular ligament

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19
Q

ligaments located inside
the articular capsule
(not within the articular cavity)

A

Intra capsular ligaments

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20
Q

What is the red dotted line pointing to

A

Synovial cavity (intraarticular cavity) filled with synovial fluid

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21
Q

What are the green arrows pointing to

A

Intra capsular ligaments

(e.g. Cranial cruciate ligg.
Inside the stifle joint)

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22
Q

what is the blue arrow pointing to

A

Intra capsular ligaments

(e.g.Intercarpal Interosseous lig.)

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23
Q

Ligaments located outside
the articular capsule

A

Extra-capsular ligaments
(demonstrated in red)

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24
Q

what is the yellow arrow pointing to

A

Extra capsular ligaments

(e.g.Lateral collateral lig. of genual joint)

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25
Ligaments that contain elastic fibers that gives a yellowish color
Yellow (elastic) ligaments
26
What is the purple arrow pointing to
Yellow (elastic) ligaments (e.g. Nuchal lig. in the neck)
27
What is the red arrow pointing to
Extra capsular ligaments (collateral lig.)
28
What is the blue arrow pointing to
Fibrous capsule
29
What is the green arrow pointing to
synovial membrane
30
What does the blue and green arrows make up
articular capsule
30
what is this structure
periosteum
31
Fibrocartilage that extend the articular surface of an articular cavity, by adding a marginal ring or lip
Labrum
31
What do the two black lines point to
top: Joint cavity (contains synovial fluid) bottom: articular (hyaline) cartilage
32
In SOME joints there are fibrous cartilage. What are the 3 types
Labrum Meniscus Discos
33
What is #1 referring to
Labrum
34
what is an example of a joint with a labrum
Humeral joint (shoulder) & coxal joint (hip)
35
Fibrocartilage that help in the adaptation of articular surfaces allows tibia and femur to interact better
Meniscus (plura=menisci)
36
what are the yellow arrows pointing to
Meniscus (plura=menisci)
37
In what joint does each meniscus have crescent moon shape where the peripheral border is attached to the articular capsule
Genual joint (stifle)
38
Fibrocartilage that totally separate a joint cavity in two compartments. Help in the adaptation and movement of the surfaces
Disc (discus)
39
what is an example of a disc (discus)
Temporo-mandibular joint (TMJ)
40
What are some geometrical categories of synovial joints
Plane joint The ball-and-socket or spheroidal joint
40
What is #3 pointing to
Disc (discus)
41
The study of the structure, arrangement, and action of muscles
myology
42
The study of the structure, arrangement, and action of muscles
Myology
43
What are the 3 kinds of muscle
1. Skeletal (Striated,somatic, or voluntary) 2. Cardiac (striated, involuntary) 3. Smooth (visceral or involuntary)
44
What is Fi referring to
Muscular Cell = muscular fiber
45
What is Fa referring to
Muscle fascicle = group of fibers
46
Movement of a joint causing an increase in the joint angle
Extension
47
Movement of a joint causing reduction in the joint angle
Flexion
48
Movement of a part in the motion of a circle
Circumduction
49
Lateral rotation of the limbs causing the palmar surface to face medially (carnivores) Anterior primates
Supination (supla = to beg)
49
The movement of a part on its long axis
Rotation
50
Medial rotation of the limb causing the palmar surface to face “caudally”
Pronation **normal anatomy of animal**
51
Movement away from the median plane
ABduction
52
Muscle(s) that oppose the agonist muscles action.
Antagonist
52
Muscle(s) that produces an action. In this group the main muscle can be named as primer mover
Agonist
52
Movement toward the median plane
ADDuction
53
Helper muscle(s) of the agonist muscles
Synergist
54
What are 2 examples of connective tissue that prevent friction between tendons and hard surfaces
A) Synovial bursa B) Tendon sheath
55
Muscle(s) that “fix” a joint preventing the movement
Fixator
56
Associated structures- Regional thickenings of deep fascia that bind tendons in place at certain joints: List the 2 from the powerpoint
Retinaculum Annular ligaments
57
What are the blue arrows pointing to
Retinaculum plural = retinacula (bracelet of connective tissues, keeps tendons set)
58
What are the blue arrows pointing to
Annular ligaments (ring shape of connective tissue that keeps tendons set)
59
Specific angle formed by two or more articular levers / bones
Articular angles
60
Not all motor units within a given muscle are active simultaneously, unless maximal contraction is required. Order of activation/recruitment of motor units is from small to large
Muscle contraction
61
Not all motor units within a given muscle are relaxed simultaneously. Even in a relaxed muscle, there are groups of muscles contracted.
Muscle tone
62
A given motor neuron and all of the muscle fibers(muscle cells) it controls
Motor Unit
63
In some muscles requiring very fine control, a motor unit may consist of _____ neuron and only _______ muscle fiber
one, few (example: extrinsic muscles of the eye)
64
Motor Unit: In other muscles a motor unit may consist of one neuron and several hundred muscles fibers. what is a good example of this that was mentioned in class
quadriceps femoris m.
65
when would muscles be 100% relaxed
death paralysis nerve block
66
What to know about skeletal muscle-Parts of a muscle & connective tissue(CT): The red, fleshy part that is contractile muscle can have 1 or many
Belly
67
What to know about skeletal muscle-Parts of a muscle & connective tissue(CT): CT proper that joins the muscle to bone, cartilage, other muscles, etc.
Attachments
68
What to know about skeletal muscle-Parts of a muscle & connective tissue(CT): the less mobile attachment each head of a muscle has a unique ______
Origin
69
What to know about skeletal muscle-Parts of a muscle & connective tissue(CT): The more mobile attachment
Insertion/termination
70
More mobile attachment of skeletal muscle origin or insertion
insertion
71
Less mobile attachment of skeletal muscle origin or insertion
Origin
72
Attaches bone-bone, bone-cartilage or cartilage-cartilage and serves to hold structures together and keep them stable
Ligament
73
Project the traction of a muscle to a bone, cartilage, fascia or other muscle to produce a movement
Tendon
74
T/F Ligament = Tendon
FALSE!!!!
75
What is pink referring ot
Te: Tendon: attach the muscle to a bone, cartilage, fascia or other, muscle
76
what is the blue referring to
Ep: Epimysium: around a muscle
77
what is the black referring to
Pe: Perimysium: around a fascicle of fibers
78
what is the green referring to
En: Endomysium: around fibers

CVM710: Anatomy (54 decks)

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