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CVM710: Anatomy > Exam 1: General concepts of muscles, synovial joints and connective tissue associated & muscle actions > Flashcards

Exam 1: General concepts of muscles, synovial joints and connective tissue associated & muscle actions Flashcards

1
Q

A fluid-filled cavity intervenes between the bones

A

Synovial joints

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2
Q

Every synovial joint
MUST have at least

A

1- Articular cartilage

2- Synovial membrane

3- Fibrous layer of joint
capsule

4- Synovial cavity filled with
synovial fluid

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3
Q

2- Synovial membrane +
3- Fibrous layer of joint
capsule forms a what

A

joint capsule

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4
Q

What is #4

A

Synovial cavity filled with
synovial fluid

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5
Q

what is #3

A

Fibrous layer of joint
capsule

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6
Q

what is #2

A

Synovial membrane

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7
Q

what is #1

A

Articular cartilage

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8
Q

What is the red arrow pointing to

A

periosteum

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9
Q

what kind of pressure is in the joint capsule?
Positive or negative?

A

NEGATIVE

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10
Q

What part of the synovial joint has articular villi that cover more surface and allows for more blood flow

A

synovial membrane

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11
Q

What is the function of synovial fluid in synovial joints

A

Avoid the friction

Nutrients for the articular cartilage

(oil for the system, like a car)

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12
Q

What is the normal color and consistency of synovial fluid

A

caramel color
sticky, egg white consistency

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13
Q

dense fibrous
connective tissue that attaches bone-bone, bone-cartilage or cartilage-cartilage and serves
to hold structures together and keep them stable

A

Ligament

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14
Q

In a luxation (Medical term for dislocation) ___________are injured.

A

ligaments

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15
Q

What are the classification of ligaments

A

◼ Capsular
◼ Intracapsular
◼ Extracapsular
◼ Yellow/flavum (elastic)

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16
Q

thickenings of the fibrous capsule itself that take the form of either bands or triangles

A

Capsular ligament

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17
Q

What is the blue shaded area representing

A

Capsular ligament (type of ligament of a synovial joint)

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18
Q

What are the 2 blue arrows pointing to

A

Capsular ligament

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19
Q

ligaments located inside
the articular capsule
(not within the articular cavity)

A

Intra capsular ligaments

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20
Q

What is the red dotted line pointing to

A

Synovial cavity (intraarticular cavity) filled with synovial fluid

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21
Q

What are the green arrows pointing to

A

Intra capsular ligaments

(e.g. Cranial cruciate ligg.
Inside the stifle joint)

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22
Q

what is the blue arrow pointing to

A

Intra capsular ligaments

(e.g.Intercarpal Interosseous lig.)

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23
Q

Ligaments located outside
the articular capsule

A

Extra-capsular ligaments
(demonstrated in red)

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24
Q

what is the yellow arrow pointing to

A

Extra capsular ligaments

(e.g.Lateral collateral lig. of genual joint)

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25
Q

Ligaments that contain elastic fibers that
gives a yellowish color

A

Yellow (elastic) ligaments

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26
Q

What is the purple arrow pointing to

A

Yellow (elastic) ligaments

(e.g. Nuchal lig. in the neck)

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27
Q

What is the red arrow pointing to

A

Extra capsular ligaments (collateral lig.)

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28
Q

What is the blue arrow pointing to

A

Fibrous capsule

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29
Q

What is the green arrow pointing to

A

synovial membrane

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30
Q

What does the blue and green arrows make up

A

articular capsule

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30
Q

what is this structure

A

periosteum

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31
Q

Fibrocartilage that extend the articular surface of an articular cavity, by adding a marginal ring or lip

A

Labrum

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31
Q

What do the two black lines point to

A

top: Joint cavity (contains synovial fluid)

bottom: articular (hyaline) cartilage

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32
Q

In SOME joints there are fibrous cartilage. What are the 3 types

A

Labrum
Meniscus
Discos

33
Q

What is #1 referring to

A

Labrum

34
Q

what is an example of a joint with a labrum

A

Humeral joint (shoulder) &
coxal joint (hip)

35
Q

Fibrocartilage that help in the adaptation of articular surfaces

allows tibia and femur to interact better

A

Meniscus (plura=menisci)

36
Q

what are the yellow arrows pointing to

A

Meniscus (plura=menisci)

37
Q

In what joint does each meniscus have crescent moon shape where the
peripheral border is attached to the articular capsule

A

Genual joint (stifle)

38
Q

Fibrocartilage that totally separate a joint cavity in two compartments.

Help in the adaptation and movement of the surfaces

A

Disc (discus)

39
Q

what is an example of a disc (discus)

A

Temporo-mandibular joint (TMJ)

40
Q

What are some geometrical categories of synovial joints

A

Plane joint
The ball-and-socket or
spheroidal joint

40
Q

What is #3 pointing to

A

Disc (discus)

41
Q

The study of the structure,
arrangement, and action of
muscles

A

myology

42
Q

The study of the structure, arrangement, and action of
muscles

A

Myology

43
Q

What are the 3 kinds of muscle

A
  1. Skeletal (Striated,somatic, or voluntary)
  2. Cardiac (striated, involuntary)
  3. Smooth (visceral or involuntary)
44
Q

What is Fi referring to

A

Muscular Cell = muscular fiber

45
Q

What is Fa referring to

A

Muscle fascicle = group of fibers

46
Q

Movement of a joint causing an increase in
the joint angle

A

Extension

47
Q

Movement of a joint causing reduction in the joint angle

A

Flexion

48
Q

Movement of a part in the
motion of a circle

A

Circumduction

49
Q

Lateral rotation of the
limbs causing the palmar surface to face medially (carnivores) Anterior primates

A

Supination
(supla = to beg)

49
Q

The movement of a part on its long axis

A

Rotation

50
Q

Medial rotation of the
limb causing the
palmar surface to face
“caudally”

A

Pronation

normal anatomy of animal

51
Q

Movement away from
the median plane

A

ABduction

52
Q

Muscle(s) that oppose the agonist muscles action.

A

Antagonist

52
Q

Muscle(s) that produces an action.

In this group the main muscle can be named as primer mover

A

Agonist

52
Q

Movement toward
the median plane

A

ADDuction

53
Q

Helper muscle(s) of the agonist muscles

A

Synergist

54
Q

What are 2 examples of connective tissue that prevent friction between tendons and hard surfaces

A

A) Synovial bursa
B) Tendon sheath

55
Q

Muscle(s) that “fix” a joint preventing the movement

A

Fixator

56
Q

Associated structures-
Regional thickenings of deep fascia that
bind tendons in place at certain joints:
List the 2 from the powerpoint

A

Retinaculum
Annular ligaments

57
Q

What are the blue arrows pointing to

A

Retinaculum
plural = retinacula

(bracelet of connective tissues, keeps tendons set)

58
Q

What are the blue arrows pointing to

A

Annular ligaments

(ring shape of connective tissue that keeps tendons set)

59
Q

Specific angle formed by two or more articular levers / bones

A

Articular angles

60
Q

Not all motor units within a given muscle are
active simultaneously, unless maximal contraction is required.

Order of activation/recruitment of motor units is from small to large

A

Muscle contraction

61
Q

Not all motor units within a given muscle are relaxed simultaneously.

Even in a relaxed muscle, there are groups of
muscles contracted.

A

Muscle tone

62
Q

A given motor neuron and all of the muscle fibers(muscle cells) it controls

A

Motor Unit

63
Q

In some muscles requiring very fine control, a motor unit may consist
of _____ neuron and only _______ muscle fiber

A

one, few

(example: extrinsic muscles of the eye)

64
Q

Motor Unit:
In other muscles a motor unit may consist of one neuron and several
hundred muscles fibers.

what is a good example of this that was mentioned in class

A

quadriceps femoris m.

65
Q

when would muscles be 100% relaxed

A

death
paralysis
nerve block

66
Q

What to know about skeletal muscle-Parts of a muscle & connective tissue(CT):

The red, fleshy part that is contractile

muscle can have 1 or many

A

Belly

67
Q

What to know about skeletal muscle-Parts of a muscle & connective tissue(CT):

CT proper that joins the muscle to bone, cartilage, other muscles, etc.

A

Attachments

68
Q

What to know about skeletal muscle-Parts of a muscle & connective tissue(CT):

the less mobile attachment

each head of a muscle has a unique ______

A

Origin

69
Q

What to know about skeletal muscle-Parts of a muscle & connective tissue(CT):

The more mobile attachment

A

Insertion/termination

70
Q

More mobile attachment of skeletal muscle

origin or insertion

A

insertion

71
Q

Less mobile attachment of skeletal muscle

origin or insertion

A

Origin

72
Q

Attaches bone-bone, bone-cartilage or cartilage-cartilage and serves to hold structures together and keep them stable

A

Ligament

73
Q

Project the traction of a muscle to a bone, cartilage, fascia or other muscle to produce a movement

A

Tendon

74
Q

T/F Ligament = Tendon

A

FALSE!!!!

75
Q

What is pink referring ot

A

Te: Tendon: attach the muscle to a bone, cartilage, fascia or other, muscle

76
Q

what is the blue referring to

A

Ep: Epimysium: around a muscle

77
Q

what is the black referring to

A

Pe: Perimysium: around a fascicle of fibers

78
Q

what is the green referring to

A

En: Endomysium: around fibers

CVM710: Anatomy (28 decks)

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