Exam 1: General concepts of Bones & Joints

Question 1

what does osteology mean

Answer 1

study of bones

Question 2

what does osteomyelitis mean

Answer 2

bone infection

Question 3

what does osteotomy mean

Answer 3

cut bone

Question 4

store minerals and fat, blood cell formation. Is an actively metabolizing tissue that change in in shape, size, and position by
mechanical or biochemical demands

Answer 4

Bone

Question 5

T/F Bone is an organ

Answer 5

TRUE

Question 5

Group of bones that serves for support, protection, providing levers for
muscular action and movement

Answer 5

Skeleton

Question 6

Composition of Bone:
Organic matter (mostly collagen) makes up what %

Answer 6

33%

Question 7

Composition of Bone:
What inorganic compound has the highest percentage in bone

Answer 7

calcium 39%

Question 8

Composition of Bone:
Inorganic components make up what %

Answer 8

67%

Question 9

What happens to bone when you only keep organic material

How do you do this

Answer 9

It becomes flexible; only collagen is leftover

soak it in nitric acid

Question 9

Bone contains _______% of the body’s calcium and phosphate

Answer 9

99%

Question 10

Why are greenstick fractures common in younger animals

Answer 10

Younger animals have more flexible bones because they have more collagen

Question 11

What happens to bone if you only keep mineral (inorganic compounds)

How do you do this?

Answer 11

burn the bones

Question 12

What are the topographic classifications of bones

Answer 12

Axial skeleton (axis; main line of body)

Appendicular skeleton( limbs)

Heterotropic skeleton (mineralized structures)

Question 13

total number of bones in a dog

Answer 13

321

Question 14

Classification of bones by shape: Long bone

Answer 14

typical of the limbs

three centers of ossification: one for the shaft (diaphysis), and one for each
extremity (epiphysis)

Have a medullary cavity

Question 15

Classification of bones by shape: Short bone

Answer 15

have no dimension that
greatly exceeds the others

No medullary cavity

Question 16

Classification of bones by shape: Flat bone

Answer 16

expanded in two directions

No medullary cavity

Question 17

Not a shape classification, but a characteristic of some flat bones of the skull in domestic mammals

Answer 17

Pneumatic bones

example: frontal bone

Question 18

In mammals, pneumatic bones are confined to the _________ and contain the paranasal sinuses
(which communicate with the nasal cavity)

Excavated to contain ____________ spaces

Answer 18

skull
air-filled

Question 19

What does this picture show

Answer 19

Pneumatic bones:
Elephant skull
sinuses

Question 20

In what animal do some of the long bones have air pockets that communicate extensively with the respiratory system

Answer 20

BIRDS

Question 21

What animal would have long bones that have air pockets like this

Answer 21

BIRDS

Question 22

What is blue box referring to

Answer 22

Proximal epiphysis

Question 23

what are the red boxes referring to

Answer 23

Physis (growth plate)

Question 24

what is the green box referring to

Answer 24

Diaphysis (body shaft)

Question 25

what is the yellow box referring to

Answer 25

Distal epiphysis

Question 26

what is the pink referring to

Answer 26

articular surfaces covered by articular cartilage in epiphysis

Question 27

what are the grey areas referring to

Answer 27

Metaphysis

Question 28

What is the green referring to

Answer 28

Spongey bone (Epiphysis/metaphysis)

Question 29

what is the red referring to

Answer 29

Compact bone (cortex) **very strong**

Question 30

what is the pink referring to

Answer 30

Nutrient foramen

Question 31

what is the blue referring

Answer 31

Medullary cavity (marrow cavity)

Question 32

What do pockets of spongey bone get filled with

Answer 32

bone marrow

Question 33

What kind of bone is the blue arrow point to

Answer 33

Spongey bone

Question 34

what kind of bone is the red arrow pointing

Answer 34

Compact bone (cortex)

Question 35

What kind of bone is referred to as "irregular"

Answer 35

vertebra

Question 36

what kind of bones are ribs/bones of the skull

Answer 36

Flat bone **There is no medullary cavity**

Question 37

What is the yellow arrow pointing to in the bone

Answer 37

Spongey bone

Question 37

What classification of bone is a femur

Answer 37

Long bone

Question 38

what is the red arrow pointing to on the bone

Answer 38

Compact bone (cortex)

Question 39

what is the pink arrow pointing to on the bone

Answer 39

Compact bone (cortex)

Question 40

what is the blue arrow pointing to on the bone

Answer 40

Medullary cavity (marrow cavity) **long bone**

Question 41

What is the blue arrow pointing to

Answer 41

Hyalin articular cartilage (helps with friction with other bone)

Question 42

What is the red arrow pointing to

Answer 42

Periosteum (contains lots of sensory nerves; external membrane of bone)

Question 43

what is the green arrow pointing to

Answer 43

Joint capsule

Question 44

Is red bone marrow or yellow marrow richly vascularized, gelatinous tissue with hemopoietic properties

Answer 44

red bone marrow

Question 45

Is red bone marrow or yellow marrow hemopoietic potential is “inactive”

Answer 45

yellow marrow

Question 46

Initial formation of a cartilage model that is subsequently resorbed while serving as matrix bone development

Answer 46

Endochondral ossification

Question 47

What are primary centers of ossification

Answer 47

Before birth, located in the diaphysis

Question 48

What are secondary centers of ossification

Answer 48

After birth, located in epiphysis and large eminences

Question 49

Cartilaginous plate (physis) remains between and separates adjacent centers until bone is _______________

Answer 49

mature

Question 50

Continuous cartilage production, with subsequent resorption and ossification, at these plates is what allows a developing bone to _____________

Answer 50

elongate

Question 51

Bones form directly within a sheet of connective tissues no cartilage model is involved characteristic of many flat bone

Answer 51

Intramembranous ossification

Question 52

T/F most bones actually develop from a mixture of endochondral and intramembranous ossification

Answer 52

TRUE

Question 53

Significance of Nutrient foramina

Answer 53

Where blood supply enters bone may resemble a fracture on radiographs often where sings of panosteitis are first detectable

Question 54

The blue arrow is pointing to a structure labeled #3 what is this

Answer 54

Nutrient artery

Question 55

The blue arrow is pointing to a structure labeled #1

Answer 55

Epiphysial arteries

Question 56

The blue arrow is pointing to a structure labeled #2

Answer 56

metaphysial arteries

Question 57

Bones have a generous blood supply, near to _________% of the cardiac output

Answer 57

5-10%

Question 58

Sesamoid bones: Sesamo means

Answer 58

Seed

Question 59

What are the categories of "centers of ossification"

Answer 59

Primary and secondary

Question 60

What is the yellow line representing

Answer 60

Endosteum (inner membrane of bone before bone marrow)