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CVM710: Anatomy > exam 3: endocrine organs/mammary glands > Flashcards

exam 3: endocrine organs/mammary glands Flashcards

1
Q

T/F The endocrine system differs from other in
that the component organs/glands are not in
direct continuity

A

true

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2
Q

Study of the endocrine organs and the action of its hormones

A

Endocrinology

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3
Q

____________ is a common function for
all endocrine glands

A

Hormone synthesis

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4
Q

Common features of endocrine glands:

Extensive_________ supply
Absence of ________ducts

A

blood
secretory

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5
Q

where are the 3 places the endocrine system delivers their secretory products (hormones)

A

blood, lymph or tissue fluid

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6
Q

what does the endocrine system collaborate with to maintain homeostasis

A

nervous system

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7
Q

T/F Hormones effect are slow compare with nerve system but last longer

A

true

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8
Q

what are the 5 primary endocrine organs

A
  • Hypophysis (Pituitary gland)
  • Pineal gland (formerly epiphysis)
  • Thyroid glands
  • Parathyroid glands
  • Adrenal glands
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9
Q

Organs that combine endocrine
activity with other functions:

what are the main 3

A
  • Pancreas: Endocrine tissue
  • Ovary/ Testis: Endocrine tissue
  • Placenta: Endocrine cells
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10
Q

Endocrine cells of the _______, brain, ________,
thymus, _______, GI tract

A

kidney
liver
heart

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11
Q

What gland is referred to as the “Master Gland”

A

Hypophysis (Pituitary gland)

From the Greek Hypo: under & Physis: Growth

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12
Q

what gland occupies a central depression of the sella turcica of basisphenoid, known as the
hypophyseal fossa

A

Hypophysis (Pituitary gland)

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13
Q

The Hypophysis (Pituitary gland) occupies a central depression of the sella turcica of basisphenoid, known as the

A

hypophyseal fossa

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14
Q

Identify

A

hypophyseal fossa

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15
Q

Saddle-shaped depression in the basisphenoid bone of the skull

A

Sella turcica (Turkish saddle)

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16
Q

Identify 1, 2,3

A
  1. Sella turcica
  2. Hypophyseal fossa
  3. Dorsum sellae
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17
Q

Hypophysis (pituitary gland) is formed by what 2 parts

A

Adenohypophysis and Neurohypophysis

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18
Q

what is the most rostral part of the Hypophysis (pituitary gland)

A

Adenohypophysis

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19
Q

what is the caudal part of the Hypophysis

A

Neurohypophysis

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20
Q

The Neurohypophysis is connected to the hypothalamus by

A

neural stem

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21
Q

The Adenohypophysis is connected to the hypothalamus by

A

portal blood system

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22
Q

Hypotalamus & adenohypophysis are connected by a _________________ system

A

Hypophyseal portal vascular system

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23
Q

Hypotalamus & neurohypophysis are connected by a

A

Neural stem

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24
Q

Label 1-3

A
  1. Hypophyseal portal vascular system
  2. Neurohypophysis
  3. Neural stem
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25
Q

Adenohypophysis:
-Is __________ and in a ventral location related with the Neurohypophysis.
-Has a different origin that the neural part of
the hypophysis

A

Rostral

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26
Q

Is the Adenohypophysis or Neurohypophysis in direct connection with the hypothalamus

A

Neurohypophysis

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27
Q

what is considered an extension of the encephalon

A

Neurohypophysis

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28
Q

What is the blue star thing on?
what is the yellow circle shwoing?

A

blue: Hypothalamus
yellow: hypophysis

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29
Q
A

1.neurohyophysis
2. adenohypophysis
3. dorsum sallae

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30
Q

Which gland is this?

Located in the middle of the encephalon. In the
area known as diencephalon. Caudo-dorsal to the thalamus

A

Pineal gland

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31
Q

what gland produces melatonin, a hormone that modulates sleep patterns in both circadian and seasonal cycles

A

Pineal gland

32
Q

Which gland has a shape that resembles a pine cone

A

PINEal gland

33
Q

which gland is found dorsal and caudal position in the epithalamus (dorsal to the thalamus).

A

Pineal gland

34
Q

what is the red arrow pointing to

A

pineal gland

35
Q

What gland is referred to as the “Third eye”

A

pineal gland

36
Q

Which glands function is especially important with female and menstrual cycles

A

pineal gland–melatonin hormone

37
Q

what is circled in red

A

pineal gland

38
Q

Thyroid glands produce _________ hormones

A

thyroxine hormones (T3 & T4)

39
Q

which gland is this

In most dogs is a paired gland (right & left)
nevertheless each gland can be referred as a lobe

A

Thyroid glands

40
Q

What is significant about the Thyroid gland in a dog

A

paired gland (right & left)

41
Q

Where is the thyroid gland located in terms of the trachaea/larynx

A

Lies lateral to the trachea caudal to the larynx
(sometimes overlapping the larynx)

42
Q

The thyroid glands may occasionally be connected by an

A

isthmus

43
Q

what is being pointed to

A

Thyroid glands connected by an isthmus

44
Q

Parathyroid glands are ________ color contrasting with the red-brick color of thyroid glands

A

pale

45
Q

In dogs and cats what gland is normally embedded in the thyroid gland

A

Parathyroid glands

46
Q

How many Parathyroid glands are there normally

A

Normally four, 2 in each side

47
Q

What do the Parathyroid glands produce

A

parathyroid hormone

48
Q

Identify

A

Parathyroid gland

49
Q

what is being pointed to

A

Adrenal glands

50
Q

How would you describe the Adrenal gland location

A

*retroperitoneal

*craniomedially to kidney’s cranial pole

*small size compared to kidneys

51
Q

what is being pointed to in red

A

Adrenal gland

52
Q

what are the 3 parts/layers of the adrenal gland

A
  • Capsule
  • Cortex
  • medulla
53
Q

what releases (secrete) substances through openings (ducts) onto your body external surfaces or within cavity surfaces.

A

Exocrine glands

54
Q

Common features of exocrine glands:
Among the products of exocrine glands are (5)

A
55
Q

Subcutaneous, enlarged sweat glands that produce colostrum & milk

A

Mammary glands (mammae)

56
Q

each Mammary glands (mammae) is seperated by

A

connective tissue septa

57
Q

What animals do the mammary glands A,B,C correspond to

A

A: Cow, ewe & goat
B: Mare & sow
C: Dog & Cat

58
Q

Mammary glands develop in the

A

mammary ridges (lines)

59
Q

Mammary glands develop in the mammary ridges (lines), the ridges extend from ________ to ___________

A

axilla to inguinal regions (groin)

60
Q

each Mammary gland secretes via a _________ or _________

A

teat or papilla

61
Q

Mammary glands (mammae):

T/F Each teat can secret via one or multiple papillary ducts

A

true

62
Q

Dogs have normally ___ pairs of mammary glands

A

5

(2=thoracic, 2=abdominal, 1=inguinal)

63
Q

Cats have normally ___ pairs of mammary glands

A

4

64
Q

each mammary gland has________
openings in dogs

A

10-12

65
Q

each mammary gland has________ openings in cats

A

4-8

66
Q

what are the 3 types of mammary glands based on location

A

Thoracic
Abdominal
Inguinal

67
Q

Name the lymph nodes 1-3

A

1.Axillary & accessory axillary lymph nodes
2. Superficial inguinal lymph nodes
3. Sternal lymph nodes

68
Q

Label mammary glands 1-3

A
  1. Thoracic
    2.Abdominal
  2. Inguinal
69
Q

The caudal abdominal and inguinal mammary glands serve as drainage for what lymph node

A

superficial inguinal lymph nodes

70
Q

the cranioabdominal and thoracic mammary glands serve as drainage for which lymph node

A

axillary lymph nodes

71
Q

Working backwards what comes before the superficial inguinal lymph node

A

medial iliac LN
lumbar lymphatic trunk
cisterna chyli
thoracic duct

empties into a large vein (can be a few like brachiocephalic)

72
Q

If you have a mass in the mammary gland, where should you x-ray

A

Thorax (look if lungs are good)

73
Q

what is circled in green

A

superficial inguinal LN

74
Q

what is this showing

A

Supernumerary teats
mammary glands

75
Q

random review from notes-not related to this but didn’t know where to put

where is the most caudal end of the conus medullaris in dogs and cats

A

dog: between L6 and 7

cat: between S2 and 3

CVM710: Anatomy (51 decks)

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