exam 3: endocrine organs/mammary glands Flashcards
T/F The endocrine system differs from other in
that the component organs/glands are not in
direct continuity
true
Study of the endocrine organs and the action of its hormones
Endocrinology
____________ is a common function for
all endocrine glands
Hormone synthesis
Common features of endocrine glands:
Extensive_________ supply
Absence of ________ducts
blood
secretory
where are the 3 places the endocrine system delivers their secretory products (hormones)
blood, lymph or tissue fluid
what does the endocrine system collaborate with to maintain homeostasis
nervous system
T/F Hormones effect are slow compare with nerve system but last longer
true
what are the 5 primary endocrine organs
- Hypophysis (Pituitary gland)
- Pineal gland (formerly epiphysis)
- Thyroid glands
- Parathyroid glands
- Adrenal glands
Organs that combine endocrine
activity with other functions:
what are the main 3
- Pancreas: Endocrine tissue
- Ovary/ Testis: Endocrine tissue
- Placenta: Endocrine cells
Endocrine cells of the _______, brain, ________,
thymus, _______, GI tract
kidney
liver
heart
What gland is referred to as the “Master Gland”
Hypophysis (Pituitary gland)
From the Greek Hypo: under & Physis: Growth
what gland occupies a central depression of the sella turcica of basisphenoid, known as the
hypophyseal fossa
Hypophysis (Pituitary gland)
The Hypophysis (Pituitary gland) occupies a central depression of the sella turcica of basisphenoid, known as the
hypophyseal fossa
Identify
hypophyseal fossa
Saddle-shaped depression in the basisphenoid bone of the skull
Sella turcica (Turkish saddle)
Identify 1, 2,3
- Sella turcica
- Hypophyseal fossa
- Dorsum sellae
Hypophysis (pituitary gland) is formed by what 2 parts
Adenohypophysis and Neurohypophysis
what is the most rostral part of the Hypophysis (pituitary gland)
Adenohypophysis
what is the caudal part of the Hypophysis
Neurohypophysis
The Neurohypophysis is connected to the hypothalamus by
neural stem
The Adenohypophysis is connected to the hypothalamus by
portal blood system
Hypotalamus & adenohypophysis are connected by a _________________ system
Hypophyseal portal vascular system
Hypotalamus & neurohypophysis are connected by a
Neural stem
Label 1-3
- Hypophyseal portal vascular system
- Neurohypophysis
- Neural stem
Adenohypophysis:
-Is __________ and in a ventral
-Location related with the Neurohypophysis.
-Has a different origin that the neural part of
the hypophysis
Rostral
Is the Adenohypophysis or Neurohypophysis in direct connection with the hypothalamus
Neurohypophysis
what is considered an extension of the encephalon
Neurohypophysis
What is the blue star thing on?
what is the yellow circle shwoing?
blue: Hypothalamus
yellow: hypophysis
Which gland is this?
Located in the middle of the encephalon. In the
area known as diencephalon. Caudo-dorsal to the thalamus
Pineal gland
what gland produces melatonin, a hormone that modulates sleep patterns in both circadian and seasonal cycles
Pineal gland
Which gland has a shape that resembles a pine cone
PINEal gland
which gland is found dorsal and caudal position in the epithalamus (dorsal to the thalamus).
Pineal gland
what is the red arrow pointing to
pineal gland
What gland is referred to as the “Third eye”
pineal gland
Which glands function is especially important with female and menstrual cycles
pineal gland–melatonin hormone
what is circled in red
pineal gland
Thyroid glands produce _________ hormones
thyroxine hormones (T3 & T4)
which gland is this
In most dogs is a paired gland (right & left)
nevertheless each gland can be referred as a lobe
Thyroid glands
What is significant about the Thyroid gland in a dog
paired gland (right & left)
Where is the thyroid gland located in terms of the trachaea/larynx
Lies lateral to the trachea caudal to the larynx
(sometimes overlapping the larynx)
The thyroid glands may occasionally be connected by an
isthmus
what is being pointed to
Thyroid glands connected by an isthmus
Parathyroid glands are ________ color contrasting with the red-brick color of thyroid glands
pale
In dogs and cats what gland is normally embedded in the thyroid gland
Parathyroid glands
How many Parathyroid glands are there normally
Normally four, 2 in each side
What do the Parathyroid glands produce
parathyroid hormone
Identify
Parathyroid gland
what is being pointed to
Adrenal glands
How would you describe the Adrenal gland location
*retroperitoneal
*craniomedially to kidney’s cranial pole
*small size compared to kidneys
what is being pointed to in red
Adrenal gland
what are the 3 parts/layers of the adrenal gland
- Capsule
- Cortex
- medulla
what releases (secrete) substances through openings (ducts) onto your body external surfaces or within cavity surfaces.
Exocrine glands
Common features of exocrine glands:
Among the products of exocrine glands are (5)
Subcutaneous, enlarged sweat glands that produce colostrum & milk
Mammary glands (mammae)
each Mammary glands (mammae) is seperated by
connective tissue septa
What animals do the mammary glands A,B,C correspond to
A: Cow, ewe & goat
B: Mare & sow
C: Dog & Cat
Mammary glands develop in the
mammary ridges (lines)
Mammary glands develop in the mammary ridges (lines), the ridges extend from ________ to ___________
axilla to inguinal regions (groin)
each Mammary gland secretes via a _________ or _________
teat or papilla
Mammary glands (mammae):
T/F Each teat can secret via one or multiple papillary ducts
true
Dogs have normally ___ pairs of mammary glands
5
(2=thoracic, 2=abdominal, 1=inguinal)
Cats have normally ___ pairs of mammary glands
4
each mammary gland has________
openings in dogs
10-12
each mammary gland has________ openings in cats
4-8
what are the 3 types of mammary glands based on location
Thoracic
Abdominal
Inguinal
Name the lymph nodes 1-3
1.Axillary & accessory axillary lymph nodes
2. Superficial inguinal lymph nodes
3. Sternal lymph nodes
Label mammary glands 1-3
- Thoracic
2.Abdominal - Inguinal
The caudal abdominal and inguinal mammary glands serve as drainage for what lymph node
superficial inguinal lymph nodes
the cranioabdominal and thoracic mammary glands serve as drainage for which lymph node
axillary lymph nodes
Working backwards what comes before the superficial inguinal lymph node
medial iliac LN
lumbar lymphatic trunk
cisterna chyli
thoracic duct
empties into a large vein (can be a few like brachiocephalic)
If you have a mass in the mammary gland, where should you x-ray
Thorax (look if lungs are good)
what is circled in green
superficial inguinal LN
what is this showing
Supernumerary teats
mammary glands
