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CVM710: Anatomy > exam 3: endocrine organs/mammary glands > Flashcards

exam 3: endocrine organs/mammary glands Flashcards

1
Q

T/F The endocrine system differs from other in
that the component organs/glands are not in
direct continuity

A

true

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2
Q

Study of the endocrine organs and the action of its hormones

A

Endocrinology

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3
Q

____________ is a common function for
all endocrine glands

A

Hormone synthesis

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4
Q

Common features of endocrine glands:

Extensive_________ supply
Absence of ________ducts

A

blood
secretory

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5
Q

where are the 3 places the endocrine system delivers their secretory products (hormones)

A

blood, lymph or tissue fluid

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6
Q

what does the endocrine system collaborate with to maintain homeostasis

A

nervous system

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7
Q

T/F Hormones effect are slow compare with nerve system but last longer

A

true

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8
Q

what are the 5 primary endocrine organs

A
  • Hypophysis (Pituitary gland)
  • Pineal gland (formerly epiphysis)
  • Thyroid glands
  • Parathyroid glands
  • Adrenal glands
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9
Q

Organs that combine endocrine
activity with other functions:

what are the main 3

A
  • Pancreas: Endocrine tissue
  • Ovary/ Testis: Endocrine tissue
  • Placenta: Endocrine cells
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10
Q

Endocrine cells of the _______, brain, ________,
thymus, _______, GI tract

A

kidney
liver
heart

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11
Q

What gland is referred to as the “Master Gland”

A

Hypophysis (Pituitary gland)

From the Greek Hypo: under & Physis: Growth

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12
Q

what gland occupies a central depression of the sella turcica of basisphenoid, known as the
hypophyseal fossa

A

Hypophysis (Pituitary gland)

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13
Q

The Hypophysis (Pituitary gland) occupies a central depression of the sella turcica of basisphenoid, known as the

A

hypophyseal fossa

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14
Q

Identify

A

hypophyseal fossa

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15
Q

Saddle-shaped depression in the basisphenoid bone of the skull

A

Sella turcica (Turkish saddle)

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16
Q

Identify 1, 2,3

A
  1. Sella turcica
  2. Hypophyseal fossa
  3. Dorsum sellae
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17
Q

Hypophysis (pituitary gland) is formed by what 2 parts

A

Adenohypophysis and Neurohypophysis

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18
Q

what is the most rostral part of the Hypophysis (pituitary gland)

A

Adenohypophysis

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19
Q

what is the caudal part of the Hypophysis

A

Neurohypophysis

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20
Q

The Neurohypophysis is connected to the hypothalamus by

A

neural stem

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21
Q

The Adenohypophysis is connected to the hypothalamus by

A

portal blood system

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22
Q

Hypotalamus & adenohypophysis are connected by a _________________ system

A

Hypophyseal portal vascular system

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23
Q

Hypotalamus & neurohypophysis are connected by a

A

Neural stem

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24
Q

Label 1-3

A
  1. Hypophyseal portal vascular system
  2. Neurohypophysis
  3. Neural stem
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25
Adenohypophysis: -Is __________ and in a ventral location related with the Neurohypophysis. -Has a different origin that the neural part of the hypophysis
Rostral
26
Is the Adenohypophysis or Neurohypophysis in direct connection with the hypothalamus
Neurohypophysis
27
what is considered an extension of the encephalon
Neurohypophysis
28
What is the blue star thing on? what is the yellow circle shwoing?
blue: Hypothalamus yellow: hypophysis
29
1.neurohyophysis 2. adenohypophysis 3. dorsum sallae
30
Which gland is this? Located in the middle of the encephalon. In the area known as diencephalon. Caudo-dorsal to the thalamus
Pineal gland
31
what gland produces melatonin, a hormone that modulates sleep patterns in both circadian and seasonal cycles
Pineal gland
32
Which gland has a shape that resembles a pine cone
PINEal gland
33
which gland is found dorsal and caudal position in the epithalamus (dorsal to the thalamus).
Pineal gland
34
what is the red arrow pointing to
pineal gland
35
What gland is referred to as the "Third eye"
pineal gland
36
Which glands function is especially important with female and menstrual cycles
pineal gland--melatonin hormone
37
what is circled in red
pineal gland
38
Thyroid glands produce _________ hormones
thyroxine hormones (T3 & T4)
39
which gland is this In most dogs is a paired gland (right & left) nevertheless each gland can be referred as a lobe
Thyroid glands
40
What is significant about the Thyroid gland in a dog
paired gland (right & left)
41
Where is the thyroid gland located in terms of the trachaea/larynx
Lies lateral to the trachea caudal to the larynx (sometimes overlapping the larynx)
42
The thyroid glands may occasionally be connected by an
isthmus
43
what is being pointed to
Thyroid glands connected by an isthmus
44
Parathyroid glands are ________ color contrasting with the red-brick color of thyroid glands
pale
45
In dogs and cats what gland is normally embedded in the thyroid gland
Parathyroid glands
46
How many Parathyroid glands are there normally
Normally four, 2 in each side
47
What do the Parathyroid glands produce
parathyroid hormone
48
Identify
Parathyroid gland
49
what is being pointed to
Adrenal glands
50
How would you describe the Adrenal gland location
*retroperitoneal *craniomedially to kidney’s cranial pole *small size compared to kidneys
51
what is being pointed to in red
Adrenal gland
52
what are the 3 parts/layers of the adrenal gland
* Capsule * Cortex * medulla
53
what releases (secrete) substances through openings (ducts) onto your body external surfaces or within cavity surfaces.
Exocrine glands
54
Common features of exocrine glands: Among the products of exocrine glands are (5)
55
Subcutaneous, enlarged sweat glands that produce colostrum & milk
Mammary glands (mammae)
56
each Mammary glands (mammae) is seperated by
connective tissue septa
57
What animals do the mammary glands A,B,C correspond to
A: Cow, ewe & goat B: Mare & sow C: Dog & Cat
58
Mammary glands develop in the
mammary ridges (lines)
59
Mammary glands develop in the mammary ridges (lines), the ridges extend from ________ to ___________
axilla to inguinal regions (groin)
60
each Mammary gland secretes via a _________ or _________
teat or papilla
61
Mammary glands (mammae): T/F Each teat can secret via one or multiple papillary ducts
true
62
Dogs have normally ___ pairs of mammary glands
5 (2=thoracic, 2=abdominal, 1=inguinal)
63
Cats have normally ___ pairs of mammary glands
4
64
each mammary gland has________ openings in dogs
10-12
65
each mammary gland has________ openings in cats
4-8
66
what are the 3 types of mammary glands based on location
Thoracic Abdominal Inguinal
67
Name the lymph nodes 1-3
1.Axillary & accessory axillary lymph nodes 2. Superficial inguinal lymph nodes 3. Sternal lymph nodes
68
Label mammary glands 1-3
1. Thoracic 2.Abdominal 3. Inguinal
69
The caudal abdominal and inguinal mammary glands serve as drainage for what lymph node
superficial inguinal lymph nodes
70
the cranioabdominal and thoracic mammary glands serve as drainage for which lymph node
axillary lymph nodes
71
Working backwards what comes before the superficial inguinal lymph node
medial iliac LN lumbar lymphatic trunk cisterna chyli thoracic duct empties into a large vein (can be a few like brachiocephalic)
72
If you have a mass in the mammary gland, where should you x-ray
Thorax (look if lungs are good)
73
what is circled in green
superficial inguinal LN
74
what is this showing
Supernumerary teats mammary glands
75
**random review from notes-not related to this but didn't know where to put** where is the most caudal end of the conus medullaris in dogs and cats
dog: between L6 and 7 cat: between S2 and 3

CVM710: Anatomy (54 decks)

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