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CVM710: Anatomy > exam 2: general ANS(2 lectures in 1) > Flashcards

exam 2: general ANS(2 lectures in 1) Flashcards

1
Q

Autonomic Nervous System
involuntary or voluntary?

A

involuntary

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2
Q

length changes receptors in tendons, ligaments, muscles, joints

A

Proprioception

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3
Q

Receptors in skin, cornea,
mucosa, hair/feather follicle,
connective tissue.

A

Tactile and nociception

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4
Q

General somatic: Efferent
how many neurons

A

one to skeletal muscle

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5
Q

General somatic: Afferent
how many neurons

A

one

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6
Q

what are the two pathways to produce a visceral effect:

A

Sympathetic & parasympathetic

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7
Q

General visceral:

Each pathway (sympathetic and parasympathetic) has ______ efferent neurons needed to innervate the target organ

A

two

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8
Q

General visceral: Parasympathetic

what are the 2 neurons involved

A
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9
Q

General visceral: Sympathetic

what are the 2 neurons involved

A
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10
Q

Sympathetic nervous system is related to (high or low) stress?

A

high stress (fight or flight)

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11
Q

Sympathetic nervous system effect on:

cardiovascular
respiratory
digestive
urinary
reproductive functions

A
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12
Q

what are some activities/events that increase sympathetic nervous system

A

Intense physical activities
(Running, Escaping,Hunting)

Protecting
Fighting
FEAR

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13
Q

The part of the autonomic nerve system known as Sympathetic, is organized in a trunk formed by ganglia connected by axons close to the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae known as ___________________ and a group of_____________

A

sympathetic trunk

group of visceral ganglia connected with the sympathetic trunk by
nerves

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14
Q

Label A and B

A

A:Sympathetic trunk

B:Visceral Sympathetic ganglia

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15
Q

General Visceral Efferent of Sympathetic is involved with what organs

A

Smooth mm., heart or/and glands

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16
Q

Sympathetic nuclei lives in ____________________ of spinal cord

A

Thoracic & lumbar segments

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17
Q

Sympathetic nuclei

what neurotransmitter is released from the preganglion? postganglion?

A

Pre: Ach
Post: Norepinephrine (similar to epinephrine)

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18
Q

T/F Lateral horns are only in thoracolumbar segments

A

true

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19
Q

What is being pointed to in orange that travels to the lateral horn

A

visceral efferent neurons

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20
Q

what kind of neuron is associated with A?

what kind of neuron is associated with B?

A

A:Visceral afferent neurons

B: Somatic efferent neurons

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21
Q

what are the 3 horns that neurons travel to

A

dorsal horn
lateral horn
ventral horn

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22
Q

General Visceral Efferent Sympathetic:

Axons that communicate the spinal nn. with the
sympathetic trunk are referred to as _______________

A

Communicating branches

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23
Q

T/F communicating branches can carry pre and post ganglionic sympathetic fiber

A

true

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24
Q

what is 1 pointing to? 2?

A
  1. Communicating branches
  2. Sympathetic trunk
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25
Q

General viseral efferent sympathetic:

what are the possible directions that the sympathetic nerve pathways can use to get to target organs involving LIMBS?

A

1.Neck (Axial) and thoracic
limbs: Smooth mm. and glands of tissues innervated by spinal nerve

  1. Trunk (Axial) and pelvic
    limbs: Smooth mm. and glands of tissues innervated by spinal nerves
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26
Q

General viseral efferent sympathetic:

what are the possible directions that the sympathetic nerve pathways can use to get to target organs involving CAVITIES ?

A
  1. Heart, Smooth mm. and
    glands of thoracic organs
  2. Smooth mm. and glands of abdominal organs
  3. Smooth mm. and glands
    in pelvis and perineum
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27
Q

General viseral efferent sympathetic:

what are the possible directions that the sympathetic nerve pathways can use to get to target organs involving the HEAD?

A

Head Smooth mm., and glands

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28
Q

Synapsis occur in a _______________

A

sympathetic trunk ganglion

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29
Q

the cervicothoracic ganglion as a post ganglion forms this nerve

this nerve provides postganglionic fibers
to cervical spinal nn.

A

vertebral n.

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30
Q

Communicating branches between the cervicothoracic and the middle cervical ganglia

A

Ansa subclavian (preganglionic)

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31
Q

The fibers goes around the
subclavian a. that’s why the name

A

Ansa subclavian (preganglionic)

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32
Q

Correspond to the fusion of the caudal cervical ganglion and the first 3 thoracic ganglia

A

Cervicothoracic ganglion (preganglionic)

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33
Q

what nerves are being pointed to

A

cardiac nn.

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34
Q

label 1-3

A
  1. Cervicothoracic ganglion
  2. Ansa subclavian
  3. Middle cervical ganglion
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35
Q

Sympathetic affects on GI muscle and mucosal secretion

A

inhibitory

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36
Q

how does sympathetic regulate GI blood flow

A

via vasoconstriction

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37
Q

T/F NO synapsis in sympathetic trunk ganglia for the fibers that goes toward cavity organs

A

true

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38
Q

Sympathetic Smooth mm. and glands of abdominal
organs:

Postganglionic nerves
running with _________ to hit the target organ

A

arteries

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39
Q

Sympathetic Smooth mm. and glands of abdominal
organs: Visceral ganglion

what occurs at the visceral ganglion?

what are the Visceral ganglia close to?

A

Synapsis occur here

Visceral ganglia lives close
to abdominal aorta and it
branches

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40
Q

Splanchnic nerves

preganglionic or postganglionic?

A

Axons from Preganglionic
neurons

**The synanpsis will
occur in a visceral ganglia

41
Q

Viseral ganglion

preganglionic or postganglionic?

A

postganglionic

42
Q

what is the Pelvic plexus

A

Network of pelvic ganglia

43
Q

Pre & post synaptic Sympathetic nerves toward the pelvic plexus are known as what nerves

A

Hypogastric nerves

44
Q

what nerve runs parallel to aorta and internal iliac aa. to reach the pelvic ganglia located lateral to the rectus

A

Hypogastric nn.

45
Q

Label 1-3

A
  1. Celiacomesenteric plexus of ganglia
  2. Sympathetic nerves connecting visceral ganglia
  3. Hypogastric nerves
46
Q

Correspond to the fusion of the caudal cervical ganglion and the first 3 thoracic ganglia

A

Cervicothoracic ganglion

47
Q

Communicating branches between the cervicothoracic and the middle cervical
ganglia. The fibers goes around the subclavian a.

A

Ansa subclavian

48
Q

NO synapsis occur here if
the fibers goes to the
head

to go to the heart, we must synapse here

A

Middle cervical ganglion

49
Q

Smooth mm. and glands of
the head:

Preganglionic sympathetic fibers are located in

A

Vagosympathetic trunk

50
Q

what kind of pain is this dog demonstrating

A

Visceral pain

51
Q

Parasympathetic effect on:
cardiovascular
respiratory
digestive
urinary
reproductive

A
52
Q

Activities that are related to parasympathetic

A

sleeping
eating

53
Q

parasympathetic

what neurotransmitter is released from the preganglion? postganglion?

A

pre: Ach
post: Ach

54
Q

Parasympathetic nuclei
brainstem:

preganglionic neuron:
post ganglionic neuron:

A

preganglionic neuron: Vagus nerve

post ganglionic neuron: Intramural (within the wall
of the target organ)

55
Q

Parasympathetic nuclei
Sacral segments (s1-s3)

preganglionic neuron:
post ganglionic neuron:

A

Preganglionic neuron: Pelvic nerve

postganglionic: Intramural
(within the wall of the target organ)

56
Q

What cranial nerves are related to parasympathetic

A

3,7,9,10(vagus nerve)

57
Q

Parasympathetic Nervous System

what Cranial nerves are covered with the head

A

CN 3,7,9

58
Q

Parasympathetic Nervous System

what cranial nerve(s) are related to thoracic and abdominal organs

A

CN 10 (vagus n.)

59
Q

Parasympathetic Nervous System

the sacral spinal cord contributes to what organs?

what nerve is responsible?

A

pelvic organs

pelvic nerve

60
Q

recurrent laryngeal n. also carries GSE & GSA.

Is the main motor nerve for the ____________of the larynx

A

skeletal mm.

61
Q

what nerve is being pointed to

A

vagus nerve

62
Q

Label 1 and 2

A
  1. Right recurrent laryngeal nerve
  2. Right subclavian a.
63
Q

Label 1-5

A
  1. Dorsal branch of vagal nerve
  2. Dorsal vagal trunk
    3.Ventral vagal trunk
  3. Ventral branch of vagal nerve
  4. Left recurrent laryngeal nerve
64
Q

is erection parasympathetic or sympathetic

A

parasympathetic

65
Q

is ejaculation sympathetic or parasympathetic

A

sympathetic

66
Q

Sympathetic

preganglion (short or long)?
postganglion (short or long)?

A

pre: short
post: long

67
Q

parasympathetic

preganglion (short or long)?
postganglion (short or long)?

A

pre: long
post: short

68
Q

where can we find parasympathetic nuclei

A

brainstem
sacral segments

69
Q

where can we find the sympathetic nuclei

A

T4 to L5

70
Q

what is the largest parasympathetic nuclei (nerve) among all cranial nerves

A

VAGUS NERVE

71
Q

what does intermural ganglia mean

A

ganglia within walls of the organs

72
Q

do humans have a vagosympathetic nerve trunk like animals

A

NO

73
Q

where is the vagosympathetic trunk located

A

neck

74
Q

How many vagus nerves are there

A

2; right and left

75
Q

Which Recurrent laryngeal nerve is cranial? which is caudal?

A

cranial; right recurrent laryngeal n.(close to right subclavian)

caudal; left recurrent laryngeal n. (close to aortic arch)

76
Q

Both dorsal branches of the vagal nerve join together to make the _______1______

both ventral branches of the vagal nerve join together to form the ______2_______

A
  1. dorsal vagal trunk
  2. ventral vagal trunk
77
Q

What does the ventral and dorsal vagal trunk cross to reach the abdomen

A

esophageal hiatus

78
Q

The left recurrent larygeal nerve wraps around the aortic arch and travels back to the _______ and reaches the _______

A

trachea, larynx

79
Q

Thorax & cervical regions
* Preganglionic Pathway parasympathetic nucleus of vagus nerve

5 steps

A

→ vagus nerve
→ vagosympathetic trunk
→ vagus nerve
→ vagal branches
→ cardiac nerves to heart, lungs

80
Q

Abdomen
* Preganglionic Pathway:
parasympathetic nucleus of vagus nerve

6 steps

A

→ vagus nerve

→ vagosympathetic trunk

→ vagus nerve → dorsal & ventral vagal branches

→ dorsal & ventral vagal trunks

→ dorsal vagal trunk joins celiacomesenteric plexus via
celiac branch

→ ventral vagal trunk goes directly to stomach and liver

81
Q

In the abdomen do we have right and left vagus nerves?

A

No, we have dorsal vagal trunk and ventral vagal trunk

82
Q

Label 1-7 from lecture

A
  1. left vagus n.
  2. Left recurrent laryngeal n.
  3. dorsal branch of left vagus
  4. ventral branch of left vagus
  5. dorsal trunk of vagus
  6. ventral trunk of vagus
  7. esophagus

IN LECTURE ONLY, NOT IN SLIDE

83
Q

Is the celiacomesenteric plexus of ganglia (sympathetic ganglia) a “stop” in the parasympathetic

A

No, it is there but there is no synapse for the parasympathetic

84
Q

Almost everywhere the vagus nerve points, it is a preganglionic or postganglionic

A

preganglionic

85
Q

The dorsal vagal trunk (for parasympathetic) goes to the stomach, spleen, liver, gallbladder, kidney, small and large intestine…

what is the last organ is goes to

A

transverese colon

86
Q

the ventral vagal trunk goes to which 2 organs

A

stomach
spleen

87
Q

what is the common name for the celiacomesenteric plexus of ganglia

A

solar plexus

88
Q

Preganglionic Pathway:
GVE-Parasympathetic to Pelvic Organs

7 steps

A

intermediate gray matter (S1-S3) → ventral root → spinal nerve → ventral branch→ lumbosacral plexus→ pelvic nerve → pelvic plexus

89
Q

Afferent neuron of the sympathetic can be either

A

tactile/nociception
or
proprioception

90
Q

nucleus is referred to as (pre or postganglionic)

ganglion (pre or postganglionic)

A

nucleus= pre (live in cns)
ganglion= post

91
Q

somatic efferent neurons goes to what horn (dorsal, ventral, lateral)

A

ventral horn

(said it was an exam question he’s used before)

92
Q

somatic afferent neurons goes to what horn (dorsal, ventral, lateral)

A

dorsal horn

93
Q

visceral efferent neurons goes to what horn (dorsal, ventral, lateral)

A

lateral horn

94
Q

visceral afferent neurons goes to what horn (dorsal, ventral, lateral)

A

dorsal horn

95
Q

Thoracolumbar goes from T_ to L_

A

T1 to L5

96
Q

what does the sympathetic nervous system cause to happen in the Axial/limb smooth muscle and glands of tissue innervated by spinal nerves

A

piloerection
peripheral vasoconstriction

97
Q

T1,T2,T3 send impulses to what big ganglion

A

cervicothoracic ganglion

98
Q

sympathetic nervous system affect on heart rate and vessels

A

tachycardia
bronchodilator

CVM710: Anatomy (28 decks)

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