exam 2: general ANS(2 lectures in 1) Flashcards by kate terrill

Autonomic Nervous System
involuntary or voluntary?

involuntary

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length changes receptors in tendons, ligaments, muscles, joints

Proprioception

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Receptors in skin, cornea,
mucosa, hair/feather follicle,
connective tissue.

Tactile and nociception

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General somatic: Efferent
how many neurons

one to skeletal muscle

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General somatic: Afferent
how many neurons

one

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what are the two pathways to produce a visceral effect:

Sympathetic & parasympathetic

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General visceral:

Each pathway (sympathetic and parasympathetic) has ______ efferent neurons needed to innervate the target organ

two

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General visceral: Parasympathetic

what are the 2 neurons involved

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General visceral: Sympathetic

what are the 2 neurons involved

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Sympathetic nervous system is related to (high or low) stress?

high stress (fight or flight)

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Sympathetic nervous system effect on:

cardiovascular
respiratory
digestive
urinary
reproductive functions

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what are some activities/events that increase sympathetic nervous system

Intense physical activities
(Running, Escaping,Hunting)

Protecting
Fighting
FEAR

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The part of the autonomic nerve system known as Sympathetic, is organized in a trunk formed by ganglia connected by axons close to the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae known as ___________________ and a group of_____________

sympathetic trunk

group of visceral ganglia connected with the sympathetic trunk by
nerves

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Label A and B

A:Sympathetic trunk

B:Visceral Sympathetic ganglia

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General Visceral Efferent of Sympathetic is involved with what organs

Smooth mm., heart or/and glands

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Sympathetic nuclei lives in ____________________ of spinal cord

Thoracic & lumbar segments

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Sympathetic nuclei

what neurotransmitter is released from the preganglion? postganglion?

Pre: Ach
Post: Norepinephrine (similar to epinephrine)

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T/F Lateral horns are only in thoracolumbar segments

true

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What is being pointed to in orange that travels to the lateral horn

visceral efferent neurons

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what kind of neuron is associated with A?

what kind of neuron is associated with B?

A:Visceral afferent neurons

B: Somatic efferent neurons

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what are the 3 horns that neurons travel to

dorsal horn
lateral horn
ventral horn

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General Visceral Efferent Sympathetic:

Axons that communicate the spinal nn. with the
sympathetic trunk are referred to as _______________

Communicating branches

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T/F communicating branches can carry pre and post ganglionic sympathetic fiber

true

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what is 1 pointing to? 2?

Communicating branches
Sympathetic trunk

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General viseral efferent sympathetic: what are the possible directions that the sympathetic nerve pathways can use to get to target organs involving LIMBS?

1.Neck (Axial) and thoracic limbs: Smooth mm. and glands of tissues innervated by spinal nerve 2. Trunk (Axial) and pelvic limbs: Smooth mm. and glands of tissues innervated by spinal nerves

General viseral efferent sympathetic: what are the possible directions that the sympathetic nerve pathways can use to get to target organs involving CAVITIES ?

1. Heart, Smooth mm. and glands of thoracic organs 2. Smooth mm. and glands of abdominal organs 3. Smooth mm. and glands in pelvis and perineum

General viseral efferent sympathetic: what are the possible directions that the sympathetic nerve pathways can use to get to target organs involving the HEAD?

Head Smooth mm., and glands

Synapsis occur in a _______________

sympathetic trunk ganglion

the cervicothoracic ganglion as a post ganglion forms this nerve this nerve provides postganglionic fibers to cervical spinal nn.

vertebral n.

Communicating branches between the cervicothoracic and the middle cervical ganglia

Ansa subclavian (preganglionic)

The fibers goes around the subclavian a. that’s why the name

Ansa subclavian (preganglionic)

Correspond to the fusion of the caudal cervical ganglion and the first 3 thoracic ganglia

Cervicothoracic ganglion (preganglionic)

what nerves are being pointed to

cardiac nn.

label 1-3

1. Cervicothoracic ganglion 2. Ansa subclavian 3. Middle cervical ganglion

Sympathetic affects on GI muscle and mucosal secretion

inhibitory

how does sympathetic regulate GI blood flow

via vasoconstriction

T/F NO synapsis in sympathetic trunk ganglia for the fibers that goes toward cavity organs

true

Sympathetic Smooth mm. and glands of abdominal organs: Postganglionic nerves running with _________ to hit the target organ

arteries

Sympathetic Smooth mm. and glands of abdominal organs: Visceral ganglion what occurs at the visceral ganglion? what are the Visceral ganglia close to?

Synapsis occur here Visceral ganglia lives close to abdominal aorta and it branches

Splanchnic nerves preganglionic or postganglionic?

Axons from Preganglionic neurons **The synanpsis will occur in a visceral ganglia

Viseral ganglion preganglionic or postganglionic?

postganglionic

what is the Pelvic plexus

Network of pelvic ganglia

Pre & post synaptic Sympathetic nerves toward the pelvic plexus are known as what nerves

Hypogastric nerves

what nerve runs parallel to aorta and internal iliac aa. to reach the pelvic ganglia located lateral to the rectus

Hypogastric nn.

Label 1-3

1. Celiacomesenteric plexus of ganglia 2. Sympathetic nerves connecting visceral ganglia 3. Hypogastric nerves

Correspond to the fusion of the caudal cervical ganglion and the first 3 thoracic ganglia

Cervicothoracic ganglion

Communicating branches between the cervicothoracic and the middle cervical ganglia. The fibers goes around the subclavian a.

Ansa subclavian

NO synapsis occur here if the fibers goes to the head to go to the heart, we must synapse here

Middle cervical ganglion

Smooth mm. and glands of the head: Preganglionic sympathetic fibers are located in

Vagosympathetic trunk

what kind of pain is this dog demonstrating

Visceral pain

Parasympathetic effect on: cardiovascular respiratory digestive urinary reproductive

Activities that are related to parasympathetic

sleeping eating

parasympathetic what neurotransmitter is released from the preganglion? postganglion?

pre: Ach post: Ach

Parasympathetic nuclei brainstem: preganglionic neuron: post ganglionic neuron:

preganglionic neuron: Vagus nerve post ganglionic neuron: Intramural (within the wall of the target organ)

Parasympathetic nuclei Sacral segments (s1-s3) preganglionic neuron: post ganglionic neuron:

Preganglionic neuron: Pelvic nerve postganglionic: Intramural (within the wall of the target organ)

What cranial nerves are related to parasympathetic

3,7,9,10(vagus nerve)

Parasympathetic Nervous System what Cranial nerves are covered with the head

CN 3,7,9

Parasympathetic Nervous System what cranial nerve(s) are related to thoracic and abdominal organs

CN 10 (vagus n.)

Parasympathetic Nervous System the sacral spinal cord contributes to what organs? what nerve is responsible?

pelvic organs pelvic nerve

recurrent laryngeal n. also carries GSE & GSA. Is the main motor nerve for the ____________of the larynx

skeletal mm.

what nerve is being pointed to

vagus nerve

Label 1 and 2

1. Right recurrent laryngeal nerve 2. Right subclavian a.

Label 1-5

1. Dorsal branch of vagal nerve 2. Dorsal vagal trunk 3.Ventral vagal trunk 4. Ventral branch of vagal nerve 5. Left recurrent laryngeal nerve

is erection parasympathetic or sympathetic

parasympathetic

is ejaculation sympathetic or parasympathetic

sympathetic

Sympathetic preganglion (short or long)? postganglion (short or long)?

pre: short post: long

parasympathetic preganglion (short or long)? postganglion (short or long)?

pre: long post: short

where can we find parasympathetic nuclei

brainstem sacral segments

where can we find the sympathetic nuclei

T4 to L5

what is the largest parasympathetic nuclei (nerve) among all cranial nerves

VAGUS NERVE

what does intermural ganglia mean

ganglia within walls of the organs

do humans have a vagosympathetic nerve trunk like animals

where is the vagosympathetic trunk located

neck

How many vagus nerves are there

2; right and left

Which Recurrent laryngeal nerve is cranial? which is caudal?

cranial; right recurrent laryngeal n.(close to right subclavian) caudal; left recurrent laryngeal n. (close to aortic arch)

Both dorsal branches of the vagal nerve join together to make the _______1______ both ventral branches of the vagal nerve join together to form the ______2_______

1. dorsal vagal trunk 2. ventral vagal trunk

What does the ventral and dorsal vagal trunk cross to reach the abdomen

esophageal hiatus

The left recurrent larygeal nerve wraps around the aortic arch and travels back to the _______ and reaches the _______

trachea, larynx

Thorax & cervical regions * Preganglionic Pathway parasympathetic nucleus of vagus nerve 5 steps

→ vagus nerve → vagosympathetic trunk → vagus nerve → vagal branches → cardiac nerves to heart, lungs

Abdomen * Preganglionic Pathway: parasympathetic nucleus of vagus nerve 6 steps

→ vagus nerve → vagosympathetic trunk → vagus nerve → dorsal & ventral vagal branches → dorsal & ventral vagal trunks → dorsal vagal trunk joins celiacomesenteric plexus via celiac branch → ventral vagal trunk goes directly to stomach and liver

In the abdomen do we have right and left vagus nerves?

No, we have dorsal vagal trunk and ventral vagal trunk

Label 1-7 from lecture

1. left vagus n. 2. Left recurrent laryngeal n. 3. dorsal branch of left vagus 4. ventral branch of left vagus 5. dorsal trunk of vagus 6. ventral trunk of vagus 7. esophagus IN LECTURE ONLY, NOT IN SLIDE

Is the celiacomesenteric plexus of ganglia (sympathetic ganglia) a "stop" in the parasympathetic

No, it is there but there is no synapse for the parasympathetic

Almost everywhere the vagus nerve points, it is a preganglionic or postganglionic

preganglionic

The dorsal vagal trunk (for parasympathetic) goes to the stomach, spleen, liver, gallbladder, kidney, small and large intestine... what is the last organ is goes to

transverese colon

the ventral vagal trunk goes to which 2 organs

stomach spleen

what is the common name for the celiacomesenteric plexus of ganglia

solar plexus

Preganglionic Pathway: GVE-Parasympathetic to Pelvic Organs 7 steps

intermediate gray matter (S1-S3) → ventral root → spinal nerve → ventral branch→ lumbosacral plexus→ pelvic nerve → pelvic plexus

Afferent neuron of the sympathetic can be either

tactile/nociception or proprioception

nucleus is referred to as (pre or postganglionic) ganglion (pre or postganglionic)

nucleus= pre (live in cns) ganglion= post

somatic efferent neurons goes to what horn (dorsal, ventral, lateral)

ventral horn (said it was an exam question he's used before)

somatic afferent neurons goes to what horn (dorsal, ventral, lateral)

dorsal horn

visceral efferent neurons goes to what horn (dorsal, ventral, lateral)

lateral horn

visceral afferent neurons goes to what horn (dorsal, ventral, lateral)

dorsal horn

Thoracolumbar goes from T_ to L_

T1 to L5

what does the sympathetic nervous system cause to happen in the Axial/limb smooth muscle and glands of tissue innervated by spinal nerves

piloerection peripheral vasoconstriction

T1,T2,T3 send impulses to what big ganglion

cervicothoracic ganglion

sympathetic nervous system affect on heart rate and vessels

tachycardia bronchodilator