final match Flashcards by megan hicks

ehrlich

developed synthetic drug

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flemming

discoverd penicillium

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hooke

observed cork and came up with the idea of cells

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jenner

performed the first vaccination for smallpox

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koch

developed criteria to determine if a specific microbe causes a disease

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lister

used chemical disinfectant for surgical wounds

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pasteur

heated wine to prolong shelf life

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virchow

cells come from other cells

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von leeuwenhoek

first person to observe bacteria using a microscope

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capsule

organized glycocalyx

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cell wall

provides cell support and prevents osmotic lysis

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cytoplasm

semi-fluid interior of cell

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fimbria

used for attachment, short hair like

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flagella

used for movement, long hair like

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nucleoid

localized area containing genetic material

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nucleus

membrane container for genetic material

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pilus

allows exchange of genetic material

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porins

protein that facilitates the movement of molecules through a membrane

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ribosome

plays a role in building proteins

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bacillo-

a little stick

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chloro-

green

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amphi-

around

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a-, an-

absence, lack

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cocci-

a berry

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exonuclease

cuts DNA

helicase

opens DNA double heli for replication

ligase

joins okazoki fragments

primase

adds primers to DNA strand

DNA polymerase

creates DNA polymer

biotechnology

using life for technology

anticodon

code in tRNA

asepsis

absence of contamination

colony

population of cells arising from one cell

codon

cod in mRNA that represents a single amino acid

faculative

tolerate

carcinogens

cancer causing chemicals

gel electrophoresis

seperates DNA pieces by size

obligate

require

promoter

sequence of DNA where RNA polymerase binds

binary fission

prokayotic asexual reproduction

halophile

organism that likes high salt

frameshift mutation

addition or removal of one or more bases

point mutation

change in a single base in a codon

conidospores

asexual spore

cutaneous

skin

definitive host

sexual repro occurs in host

intermediate host

host harbors parasite for short transition period

cyst

inactive stage of protozoans

opportunistic

normal macrobiota causing disease

subcutaneous

beneath skin

systemic

deep within body

obligate intracellular parasite

parasite only lives inside host cell

zygospore

sexual spore

acute

short-lasting primary infection

antigen

substance that causes the production of antibodies

artificially acquired active

immunity developed from live polio virus vaccine

artifically acquired passive

immunity developed from the injection of antibodies

biological transmission

pathogen reproduces or develops in vector

chronic

disease that develops slowly and lasts for months

cytokines

chemical messengers

epidemiology

study of where and when diseases occur

fomite

inanimate object that can serve as a vector

major histcompatability complex

MHC

mechanical transmission

vector transmits pathogen only, no replication or development occurs in vector

microbial antagonism

benefit of crowded beach

naturally acquired active

immunity developed from contracting measles

naturally acquired passive

immunity developed from mother to child

NK cells

cells that attack tumors

nosocomial

hospital acquired

phagocyte

cells that ingest foreign bodies

siderophores

bind iron

virulence

degree of pathogenicity of a microbe

antibody

protein that recognizes a unique part of a foreign target

antigen

substance which provokes an adaptive immune response

bacteriocidal

kills bacteria directly

bacteriostatic

stops bacterial cell growth

flat sour spoilage

spoliage of canned foods due to inadequate processing, no gas

HLA

human leukocyte complex

hypersensitivity

altered immune response

IgE

antibody responsible for anaphylactic (type 1 ) reactions

IgG &or IgM

antibody responsible for ctotoxic reactions- type 2

MHC

major histocompatibility complex

T cells

resposible for cell mediated reactions- type 4

thermophillic anaerobic spoilage

spoilage of canned foods stored at high temperatures, has gas

BOD

biochemical oxygen demand

privileged site

body location with low rejection rates for transplants