Chapter 14 Flashcards
Pathogenesis
The development of disease
Symbiosis
Relation between normal microbiota and the host cell
Probiotics
Live microbes applied to or ingested into the body, intended to exert a beneficial effect
Koch postulate
- The same pathogen must be present in every case of the disease.
- the pathogen must be isolated from disease host and grown in pure culture.
- the pathogen must cause disease when its inoculated into a healthy lab animal.
- The pathogen must be isolated from inoculated animal and must be shown to be the original animal.
Symptom
A change in body function that is felt by a patient as a result of disease.
Sign
A change in body that can be measured or observed as a result of disease.
Syndrome
A specific group of signs and symptoms that accompany a disease
Communicable disease
A disease that is spread from one host to another.
Contagious
A disease that is easily spread from one host to another.
Incidence
Fraction of a population that contracts a disease during a specific time.
Prevalence
Fraction of a population having a specific disease at a given time.
Sporadic
Disease that occurs occasionally in a population.
Endemic
A disease constantly present in a population.
Epidemic
Disease acquired by many hosts in a given area in a short time.
Pandemic
Worldwide epidemic
Acute disease
Symptoms develops rapidly
Chronic disease
Disease develops slowly
Latent disease
Disease with a period of no symptoms when the causative agent is inactive.
Systemic infection
An infection throughout the body
Sepsis
Toxic inflammatory condition arising from the spread of microbes especially bacteria or their toxins from a focus of infection.
Bacteremia
Bacteria in the blood
Septicemia
Growth of bacteria in the blood
Toxemia
Toxins in the blood
Viremia
Viruses in the blood
Primary infection
Acute infection that causes the initial illness
Secondary infection
Opportunistic infection after a primary (predisposing) infection
Subclinical disease
No noticeable signs or symptoms (inapparent infection)
Reservoir
Continual sources of infection
Carriers
May have unapparent infections or latent disease.
Zoonoses
May be transmitted to humans from animals.
Morbidity
Incidence of a specific notifiable disease.
Mortality
Deaths from notifiable diseases.
Normal microbiota
Permenantly colonize the host example bacteria on lining of stomach.
Protect the host by producing acids.
Tranisent microbiota
May be present for days, weeks or months.
Commenalism
One organism benefits and other is uneffected.
Mutualism
Both organism benefit.
Parasitism
One organism benefit at the expense of the other.
Herd immunity
Immunity in most of the population.
4 predisposing factors of disease
Makes the body more susceptible to disease: 1-short urethra in females. 2-climate and weather. 3-fatigue 4-age
Epidemiology
The study of where and when diseases occur.
3 types of epidemiologic investigations
1-descriptive: collection of data. Snow: cholera
2-analytical: comparison of a diseased group & healthy group. Nightingale: sanitation.
3-experimental: controlled experiments. Semmelweis: handwashing
