ch 12 Flashcards
What defines a fungi?
chemoheterotrophs
multicellular (except yeasts)
absorptive
4 phyla of fungi
zygomycota
ascomycota
deuteromycota
basidiomycota
zygomycota
water molds
environmental rotters
Examples-Rhizopus and Mucor
Ascomycota
largest group
sac fungi
make chemicals and antibiotics
Examples- Trichophyton, microsporum
Deuteromycota
no natural sex stage, produce asexual spores only (holding group)
basidiomycota
true mushrooms, club fungi, rust, and smut
example- cryptococcus neoformans
fission yeasts
divide symmetrically
budding
divide asymmetrically
What is a lichen
mutualistic combination of an algae and fungus
used in dyes, antimicrobial, and litmus
What nutrients do lichen need?
Lichen accumulate needed nutrients- first to come back after natural disaster
carbohydrates
3 types of lichen
- fruticose
- foliose
- crustose
What roles do fungi and algae play in lichens?
alga produces and secretes carbohydrates
fungus provides holdfast
What defines an algae?
kingdom protist
photoautotroph
use diffusion
have pigments
6 phyla of algae
- Phaeophyta
- Rhodophyta
- Chlorophyta
- Diatoms
- Dinoflagellates
- Oomycota
Phaeophyta
brown algae (macrocystis)-kelp
cellulose and algenic acid cell walls
harvested for algin (thickening agent)
Rhodophyta
red algae (microcladia)
cellulose cell walls
harvested for agar and carrageenan (thickener)
chlorophyta
green algae (Ulva)
cellulose cell walls
gave rise to plants
Diatoms
pectin and silica cell walls
store oil
fossilized diatims formed oil
used in paint, toothpaste, and insecticides
dinoflagellates
cellulose in plasma membrane
store starch
shellfish poisoning-> red tide
oomycota
water molds
cellulose cell wall
decomposers and plant parasites
Phytophthora infestans-> Irish potato blight
What defines a protozoa
unicellular
ingestive
motile
some form cysts
protozoa vegetative form
trophozoite
6 phyla of protozoa
- Archaezoa
- Microspora
- Amoeboza
- Apiomplexa
- Ciliates
- Euglenozoa
Archaezoa
no mitochondria
multiple flagella
STD-> trichomonas vaginalis (no cyst stage)
Giardia lamblia-> Beaver fever (chronic because of cysts)
Microspora
no mitochondria
non-motile
intracellular parasites
Nosema-> honey bee disease
Amoebozoa
move by pseudopods
Acanthamoeba-> amoebic dysentery
Apicomplexa
non-motile
parasite
complex life cycles
Plasmodium-> malaria
Ciliates
move by cilia
complex cells
Balantidium coli-> only human parasite (from pigs in Philippines)
Euglenozoa
move by flagella
photoautotrophs (have chloroplasts)
Trypanosoma->sleeping sickness
Chagas disease- hemoflagellets
What defines a slime mold?
asexual reproduction
cellular slime mold-starts as an amoeba and aggregates
plasmodial slime mold- multinucleate plasmodium that creates roots
Trematodes
parasitic platyhelminth
sexual repro in definitive host and asexual repro in intermediate
flukes
cestodes
parasitic platyhelminth
tapeworms
each segment can become a new worm
helminths
reduced digestive and nervous sytem
reduced locomotion
complex reproduction
parasitic worms
Platyhelminths
flat worms
nematoda
roundworms
definitive host- humans
where sexual reproduction occurs
lung fluke
intermediate host- humans
where asexual repro occurs
tapeworm
