ch 12

Question 1

What defines a fungi?

Answer 1

chemoheterotrophs
multicellular (except yeasts)
absorptive

Question 2

4 phyla of fungi

Answer 2

zygomycota
ascomycota
deuteromycota
basidiomycota

Question 3

zygomycota

Answer 3

water molds
environmental rotters
Examples-Rhizopus and Mucor

Question 4

Ascomycota

Answer 4

largest group
sac fungi
make chemicals and antibiotics
Examples- Trichophyton, microsporum

Question 5

Deuteromycota

Answer 5

no natural sex stage, produce asexual spores only (holding group)

Question 6

basidiomycota

Answer 6

true mushrooms, club fungi, rust, and smut

example- cryptococcus neoformans

Question 7

fission yeasts

Answer 7

divide symmetrically

Question 8

budding

Answer 8

divide asymmetrically

Question 9

What is a lichen

Answer 9

mutualistic combination of an algae and fungus

used in dyes, antimicrobial, and litmus

Question 10

What nutrients do lichen need?

Answer 10

Lichen accumulate needed nutrients- first to come back after natural disaster
carbohydrates

Question 11

3 types of lichen

Answer 11

1. fruticose
2. foliose
3. crustose

Question 12

What roles do fungi and algae play in lichens?

Answer 12

alga produces and secretes carbohydrates

fungus provides holdfast

Question 13

What defines an algae?

Answer 13

kingdom protist
photoautotroph
use diffusion
have pigments

Question 14

6 phyla of algae

Answer 14

1. Phaeophyta
2. Rhodophyta
3. Chlorophyta
4. Diatoms
5. Dinoflagellates
6. Oomycota

Question 15

Phaeophyta

Answer 15

brown algae (macrocystis)-kelp
cellulose and algenic acid cell walls
harvested for algin (thickening agent)

Question 16

Rhodophyta

Answer 16

red algae (microcladia)
cellulose cell walls
harvested for agar and carrageenan (thickener)

Question 17

chlorophyta

Answer 17

green algae (Ulva)
cellulose cell walls
gave rise to plants

Question 18

Diatoms

Answer 18

pectin and silica cell walls
store oil
fossilized diatims formed oil
used in paint, toothpaste, and insecticides

Question 19

dinoflagellates

Answer 19

cellulose in plasma membrane
store starch
shellfish poisoning-> red tide

Question 20

oomycota

Answer 20

water molds
cellulose cell wall
decomposers and plant parasites
Phytophthora infestans-> Irish potato blight

Question 21

What defines a protozoa

Answer 21

unicellular
ingestive
motile
some form cysts

Question 22

protozoa vegetative form

Answer 22

trophozoite

Question 23

6 phyla of protozoa

Answer 23

1. Archaezoa
2. Microspora
3. Amoeboza
4. Apiomplexa
5. Ciliates
6. Euglenozoa

Question 24

Archaezoa

Answer 24

no mitochondria
multiple flagella
STD-> trichomonas vaginalis (no cyst stage)
Giardia lamblia-> Beaver fever (chronic because of cysts)

Question 25

Microspora

Answer 25

no mitochondria non-motile intracellular parasites Nosema-> honey bee disease

Question 26

Amoebozoa

Answer 26

move by pseudopods | Acanthamoeba-> amoebic dysentery

Question 27

Apicomplexa

Answer 27

non-motile parasite complex life cycles Plasmodium-> malaria

Question 28

Ciliates

Answer 28

move by cilia complex cells Balantidium coli-> only human parasite (from pigs in Philippines)

Question 29

Euglenozoa

Answer 29

move by flagella photoautotrophs (have chloroplasts) Trypanosoma->sleeping sickness Chagas disease- hemoflagellets

Question 30

What defines a slime mold?

Answer 30

asexual reproduction cellular slime mold-starts as an amoeba and aggregates plasmodial slime mold- multinucleate plasmodium that creates roots

Question 31

Trematodes

Answer 31

parasitic platyhelminth sexual repro in definitive host and asexual repro in intermediate flukes

Question 32

cestodes

Answer 32

parasitic platyhelminth tapeworms each segment can become a new worm

Question 33

helminths

Answer 33

reduced digestive and nervous sytem reduced locomotion complex reproduction parasitic worms

Question 34

Platyhelminths

Answer 34

flat worms

Question 35

nematoda

Answer 35

roundworms

Question 36

definitive host- humans

Answer 36

where sexual reproduction occurs | lung fluke

Question 37

intermediate host- humans

Answer 37

where asexual repro occurs | tapeworm