Chapter 10

Question 1

Taxonomy

Answer 1

Science of classifying organisms

Question 2

Taxa

Answer 2

Taxonomic categories into which organisms are arranged that reflect degrees of relation among them

Question 3

Bionomial nomenclature

Answer 3

Genus+specific epithet

Used worldwide

Question 4

Culture

Answer 4

Grown in lab media

Question 5

Clone

Answer 5

Population of cells derives from single cell

Question 6

Strain

Answer 6

Genetically different cells within a clone

Question 7

Serology

Answer 7

Combine known antiserum plus unknown bacterium

Question 8

What is the importance of taxonomy?

Answer 8

The science of classifying organism.
Provides universal names for organisms.
Provides a reference for identifying organisms.

Question 9

Major characteristics archae

Answer 9

Archae: contains no peptidoglycan, composed of branched carbon attached to glycerol by ether linkage.

Question 10

Eukaryotic species

Answer 10

A group of closely related organisms that breed among themselves. Animalia, plantae, fungi, and protista.

Question 11

Animalia

Answer 11

Multicellular, no cell wall, chemoheterotrophic

Question 12

Plantae

Answer 12

Multicellular or unicellular. Chemoheterotrophic, cell walls of chitin, develop from spores or hyphal fragments.

Question 13

Protista

Answer 13

A catchall kingdom for eukaryotic organisms that do not fit other kingdoms. Grouped into clades based on rRNA

Question 14

Taxonomic hiererachy

Answer 14

Domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

Question 15

Classification

Answer 15

Placing organisms in groups of related species.

Question 16

Identification

Answer 16

Matching characteristics of an unknown organism to lists of known organism. Example: clinical lab identification

Question 17

Morphological characteristics

Answer 17

Useful for identifying eukaryotes

Question 18

Differential staining

Answer 18

Gram staining, acid fast staining

Question 19

Biochemical tests

Answer 19

Determines presence of bacterial enzymes.

Question 20

Linnaeus

Answer 20

introduced formal system of classification

Question 21

slide aggulation test

Answer 21

show clumpping when mixed with antibodies

Question 22

ELISA test

Answer 22

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay- known antibodies, unknown type of bacteria with antibodies linked to enzyme

Question 23

western blotting test

Answer 23

gel electrophoresis tests proteins by size

Question 24

southern blotting test

Answer 24

uses nucleic acid hybridization to identify unknown microorganisms

Question 25

Major characteristics Bacteria

Answer 25

Bacteria: contains peptidoglycan, composed of straight carbon chains attached to glycerol by ester linkage.

Question 26

Major characteristics eukarya

Answer 26

Eukarya: contains carbohydrates composed of straight carbon chains attached to glycerol by ester linkage.