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microbiology > Ch 13 virus > Flashcards

Ch 13 virus Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

define a virus

A

obligatory intracellular parasite
contain either DNA or RNA (not both)
no ribosomes or ATP generation
have a protein coat

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2
Q

enveloped virus

A

phospholipid membrane around nucleic acid

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3
Q

complex virus

A

head sheath and tails

injects nucleic acid into cell

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4
Q

scientific naming of virus

A

family name ends in -viridae

gnus name ends in -virus

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5
Q

viral species

A

a group of viruses sharing the same genetic info and host

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6
Q

How do you culture a virus

A

must be grown in living cells

animal virus grown in living animals, embryonic eggs, and cell cultures

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7
Q

obligatory intracellular parasite

A

has to be grown in a host

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8
Q

3 techniques used to identify viruses

A
  1. cytopathic effects (change in cell appearance
  2. serological tests (antibodies)
  3. Nucleic acids
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9
Q

Lytic cycle- 5 step

A
  1. attachment
  2. penetration
  3. biosynthesis
  4. maturation
  5. release
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10
Q

Lysogenic cycle -3 step

A
  1. prophage DNA incorporated into host DNA
  2. phage conversion
  3. specialized transduction
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11
Q

one-step growth curve

A
  1. attachment
  2. eclipse- no detectable virus
  3. maturation
  4. release-> acute infection
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12
Q

retrovirus

A

have RNA with reverse transcriptase to make viral DNA

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13
Q

+ sense RNA

A

is mRNA and can begin replication immediately in the cytoplasm

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14
Q
  • sense RNA
A

need to be turned into + sense RNA first

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15
Q

animal virus replication

A
  1. attachment
  2. penetration
  3. uncoating
  4. biosynthesis
  5. maturation
  6. release
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16
Q

How do viruses cause cancer?

A

activated oncogenes transform normal cells into cancerous cells
the genetic material of oncogenic viruses becomes integrated into the host cells DNA

17
Q

latent viral infection

A

virus remains in asymptomatic host cell for long periods
may never manifest
cold sores, shingles

18
Q

How can proteins be infectious

A

prions can be inherited or transmissible by ingestion, transplant, and surgical instruments

19
Q

bacteriophage

A

virus that infects bacteria

20
Q

capsid

A

protein container

21
Q

capsomeres

A

single unit of capsid

22
Q

DNA virus replication

A

happen in nucleus

23
Q

RNA virus replication

A

happen in cytoplasm

24
Q

Why are viruses not “alive”

A

require host cell for replication

do not have mechanism for ATP generation

25
Q

persistent viral infections

A

disease process occurs over a long period, usually fatal

measles

microbiology (40 decks)

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