Ch 2

Question 1

3 basic structures of an atom

Answer 1

electrons, protons, neutrons

Question 2

electrons

Answer 2

negatively charged part that orbit nucleus

Question 3

protons

Answer 3

pos charged part in nucleus

Question 4

neutrons

Answer 4

uncharged part in nucleus

Question 5

electron orbital configuration

Answer 5

1S2,2S2,2P4

Question 6

3 types of chem bonds

Answer 6

ionic, covalent, hydrogen

Question 7

ionic bond

Answer 7

attraction b/t ions of opposite charge, one atom loses e- and another gains e-

Question 8

covalent bond

Answer 8

2 atoms share 1 or more pairs of atoms

Question 9

hydrogen bond

Answer 9

form when H is covalently bonded to an O or N atom is attracted to another O or N atom in another molecule

Question 10

polar

Answer 10

slight charge, polar sub dissociate forming solutes, hydrophillic

Question 11

non-polar

Answer 11

hydrophobic

Question 12

pH measures what?

Answer 12

the amt of H+ in a solution, pH=-log(H+)

increase H+ acid, increase OH- base

Question 13

acid

Answer 13

HCl, substances that dissociate into 1 or more H+

Question 14

base

Answer 14

NaOH, sub that dissociate into 1 or more OH-, alkaline

Question 15

organic compounds

Answer 15

always contain carbon and hydrogen

Question 16

inorganic compds

Answer 16

typically lack carbon

Question 17

macromolecules

Answer 17

polymers consisting of many sm repeating molecules

Question 18

build macromolecule

Answer 18

dehydration synthesis

Question 19

break macromolecules

Answer 19

hydrolysis or condensation

Question 20

atomic number

Answer 20

number of protons

Question 21

atomic mass

Answer 21

neutron + protons

Question 22

functional groups

Answer 22

alcohol added to carbon skeleton

Question 23

carbohydrates formula

Answer 23

CH2O

Question 24

monosaccharides

Answer 24

simple sugars w 3-7 carbon atoms

Question 25

disaccharides

Answer 25

2 monosaccharides joined in dehydration synthesis, can be broken down by hydrolysis

Question 26

simple lipids

Answer 26

fats or triglycerides, contain glycerol and fatty acids, formed by dehydration synthesis, nonpolar and insoluble

Question 27

complex lipids

Answer 27

contains C, H, and O +P, N, or S. membranes are made of phospholipids

Question 28

steroids

Answer 28

4 carbon rings w a -OH group attached to 1 ring, part of membranes

Question 29

saturated fat

Answer 29

no double bonds, solid at room temp

Question 30

unsaturated fats

Answer 30

one or more double bonds, liquid at room temp

Question 31

protein building blocks

Answer 31

essential in cell structure, made up of amino acids and peptide bonds

Question 32

peptide bonds

Answer 32

formed by dehydration synthesis

Question 33

primary structure of protein bonds

Answer 33

polypeptide chains of amino acids in order

Question 34

secondary structure of proteins

Answer 34

folds into alpha helix or beta sheets

Question 35

tertiary structure of proteins

Answer 35

when the helix folds irregularly forming bonds between the amino acids in the chain

Question 36

quaternary structure of proteins

Answer 36

consists of 2 or more polypeptides

Question 37

nucleoside

Answer 37

sugar plus a base, add a phospate group- get nucleotide

Question 38

triglyceride

Answer 38

alcohol (glycerol) plus fatty acid

Question 39

purines

Answer 39

adenine and guanine- double ring structure

Question 40

pyrimidines

Answer 40

thymine, cytosine, and uracil- are single ring structures

Question 41

DNA

Answer 41

AGCT

Question 42

RNA

Answer 42

AGCU