Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

microbiology > Ch 19 > Flashcards

Ch 19 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

anaphylactic hypersensitivity

A

Type 1, reaction in less than 30 min
*bug bites
IgE attached to mast cells and basophils-> undergo degranulation and releases histamine, leukotrines, and prostaglandin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

anaphylactic prevention

A

desensitizing injections of antigen cause IgG antibodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

cytotoxic sensitivity

A

Type 2, reaction in 5-12 hrs
involve IgG or IgM antibodies and complement (causes cell lysis, macrophages)
*hemolytic disease of newborn, drug-induced thrombocytopenia purpura, Graves disease (autoimmune)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

immune complex hypersensitivity

A

type 3, 3-8 hrs
* food allergies, lupus (autoimmune)
IgG antibodies and antigens form immune complexes that lodge in basement mwmbrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Delayed cell-mediated hypersensitivity

A

type 4, 21 days
*poison ivy, contact dermatitis, psoriasis (autoimmune)
cytokines attract macrophages and T cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

4 hypersensitivity reactions

A

anaphylactic
cytotoxic
immune complex
delayed cell-mediated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

systemic anaphylaxis

A

may result in circulatory collapse and death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

localized anaphylaxis

A

hives, hay fever, and asthema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

blood type A

A

has anti-B antibodies

A antigens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Blood type B

A

anti-A antibodies

B antigen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Blood type AB

A

no antibodies

A and B antigens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Blood type O

A

anti- A and anti- B antibodies

no antigens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

blood type disease susceptibility

A

B- black plague

A- small pox

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

hemolytic disease of the newborn

A

Rh+ dad and Rh- mom creates anti- Rh antigens with first pregnancy, if second pregnancy is Rh+ anti-Rh antibodies will cross placenta and damage fetal red blood cells
*cytotoxic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

autoimmune diseases

A

loss of self-tolerance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

histocompatability antigens

A

self antigens on cell surfaces

17
Q

major hisocompatibility complex (MHC)

A

genes encoding histocompatibility antigens

18
Q

HLA

A

human leukocyte antigen complex-> MHC genes in humans

-some markers have increased incidence in diseases, reactions to transplants

19
Q

What type of cells attack cancer cells

A

CTL (activated Tc) cells lyse cancer

immune surveillance

20
Q

transplantation reactions

A

may be attacked by T-cells, macrophages, and complement-fixing antibodies
transplants to privileged sites do not cause immune response
stem cells may allow therapeutic cloning

21
Q

autograft

A

use of one’s own tissue

22
Q

isograft

A

use of identical twin’s tissue

23
Q

allograft

A

use of tissue from another person

24
Q

xenotransplantation

A

use of nonhuman tissue

25
Q

graft-versus-host disease

A

can result from transplanted bone marrow that contains immunocompetent cells

26
Q

immunotoxins

A

link poisons w a monoclonal antibody directed at a tumor antigen

27
Q

congenital immunodeficiencies

A

due to defective or missing genes

28
Q

acquired immunodeficiencies

A

develop during an individuals life due to drugs, cancers, and infections

29
Q

AIDS phase 1

A

asymptomatic or chronic lymphadenopathy

30
Q

AIDS phase 2

A

symptomatic- early indication of immune failure

31
Q

AIDS phase 3

A

AIDS indicator conditions

32
Q

HIV infection

A

spike recognition

  1. retrovirus enters by fusion
  2. viral DNA incorporated into nucleus
  3. transcription and release of viral proteins
  4. mature virus leaves cells w envelope and attachment spike
33
Q

cells effected by HIV

A

CD4+ T cells, macrophages

can be active or latent

34
Q

diseases associated w AIDS

A

cytomegalovirus, Herpes simplex virus, Kaposi’s sarcoma, cervical dysplasia

35
Q

survival w HIV infection

A
  1. exposed, but not infected (CCR5 mutation)

2. long-term nonprogressors (low viral load, effective CTLs)

36
Q

HIV diagnostic methods

A

seroconversion (takes 3 months)
ELISA (HIV antibodies0
plasma viral load (PVL)

37
Q

HIV transmission

A

survives 6 hrs outside cell
survives less than 1.5 days in a cell
infected body fluids

microbiology (40 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions