Ch 5 Flashcards
3 components of an enzyme
apooenzyme-protein portion
cofactor- nonprotein component
haloenzyme- apoenzyme + cofactor
describe the mechanism of enzymatic action
- substrate binds to active site
- breaks apart substrate
- resets
list the factors that influence enzymatic act (4)
temp, pH, substrate concentrates, and inhibitors
competitive inhibition
inhibitor binds to substrate site blocking substrate from binding- competes with substrate for site
noncompetitive inhibition
enzyme binds to allosteric site which changes substrate binding site
oxidation-reduction
oxidation-removal of electrons
reduction-gain of electrons
“redox reaction”
3 types of phosphorylation reations that generate ATP
substrate-level phosphoylation
oxidative phospho
photophosphoylation
substrate-level phosphoylation
energy directly adds a phosphate taken from another molecule- krebs cycle
oxidative phosphoylation
electron transport chain- energy release from the transfer of electrons
photophosphylation
photosynthesis- light provides the energy
metabolic pathways
a series of events to create ATP- glycolosis, krebs cycle, electron transport chain
glycolysis
produces ATP and reduces NAD+ to NADH while oxidizing glucose to pyruvic acid
pentose phosphate pathway
uses pentoses (5 carbon sugars) and NADPH, operates with glycolysis, used in the production of nucleic acids
important coenzymes (4)
NAD, NADP, FAD, coenzyme A
Entner-Doudoroff pathway
produces NADPH and ATP, does not involove glycolysis, used when O2 is low, common in soil borne microbes
lipid catabolism
glycerol to glycolysis and fatty acid to krebs cycle
protein catabolism
amino acids into any process
cyclic photophosphorylation
produces energy from light
noncyclic photophosphorylation
starts with H2O and provides electrons for ETC
light dependent photosynthesis
uses light for energy
light-independent phototsynthesis
Calvin-benson cycle for ATP
amphibolic pathways
metabolic pathways that have both catabolic and anabolic functions
